Ecological impacts of feral pigs in the Hawaiian Islands
... range size, movements, and plant distribution patterns. ‘‘Another potentially confounding factor is that large grazing and/or browsing ducks and geese where once common to the islands but are now extinct or greatly reduced in population size (Paxinos et al. 2002). One of these geese species was four ...
... range size, movements, and plant distribution patterns. ‘‘Another potentially confounding factor is that large grazing and/or browsing ducks and geese where once common to the islands but are now extinct or greatly reduced in population size (Paxinos et al. 2002). One of these geese species was four ...
Factors Affecting the Social Behaviour of Crustaceans Living
... than their hosts. In some cases, size differences between symbionts and their hosts were considerable - for example the amphipod Maxiliipius commensalis reaches an average body length of 2 mm while its gorgonian host may reach a height of m o r e than 800 m m (Thomas, 1996; J.D. Thomas, personal com ...
... than their hosts. In some cases, size differences between symbionts and their hosts were considerable - for example the amphipod Maxiliipius commensalis reaches an average body length of 2 mm while its gorgonian host may reach a height of m o r e than 800 m m (Thomas, 1996; J.D. Thomas, personal com ...
Habitat Fragmentation Effects on Trophic Processes of
... rearing of leafmining larvae yielded 9,944 adult leafminers (49 species of Diptera, 50 Lepidoptera, and 3 Coleoptera) and 7,515 parasitoids (more than 200 species of Hymenoptera so far identified) from which parasitism rates were calculated. There were no significant interactions between edge or int ...
... rearing of leafmining larvae yielded 9,944 adult leafminers (49 species of Diptera, 50 Lepidoptera, and 3 Coleoptera) and 7,515 parasitoids (more than 200 species of Hymenoptera so far identified) from which parasitism rates were calculated. There were no significant interactions between edge or int ...
Testing the island effect in adaptive radiation: rates
... Quite the contrary, we found that rates and extent of diversification were comparable—Anolis adaptive radiation is not an island phenomenon. However, mainland and Caribbean anoles occupy different parts of morphological space; in independent colonizations of both island and mainland habitats, island ...
... Quite the contrary, we found that rates and extent of diversification were comparable—Anolis adaptive radiation is not an island phenomenon. However, mainland and Caribbean anoles occupy different parts of morphological space; in independent colonizations of both island and mainland habitats, island ...
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... The specific operational objective for the Conservation Unit of the Cinergy Game Farm has been set out to establish : 'a singular fenced in unit adjoined by other conservation units and cattle ranging enterprises development of this land in line with the overall objectives of the Cinergy Farm. The u ...
... The specific operational objective for the Conservation Unit of the Cinergy Game Farm has been set out to establish : 'a singular fenced in unit adjoined by other conservation units and cattle ranging enterprises development of this land in line with the overall objectives of the Cinergy Farm. The u ...
The Meaning of Semiochemicals to the Design of Self
... forms of interactions that increase the fitness of another organism while decreasing the own fitness. The organism therefore follows a course of action that has a high risk or certainty of suffering or death, which could otherwise be avoided. Interspecific relationships that emerge between organisms ...
... forms of interactions that increase the fitness of another organism while decreasing the own fitness. The organism therefore follows a course of action that has a high risk or certainty of suffering or death, which could otherwise be avoided. Interspecific relationships that emerge between organisms ...
TOPIC 2 - MARKING SCHEME - International School Bangkok
... Northern Andes high biodiversity due to genetic isolation on mountain summits and in remote valleys [1]/range of environments due to altitudinal variation [1]/Amazon Basin a relatively homogeneous environment [1]; Any reasonable alternative. [Must have something more than ‘tropical forest ecosystems ...
... Northern Andes high biodiversity due to genetic isolation on mountain summits and in remote valleys [1]/range of environments due to altitudinal variation [1]/Amazon Basin a relatively homogeneous environment [1]; Any reasonable alternative. [Must have something more than ‘tropical forest ecosystems ...
Feeding Relationships Among Species of Notropis (Pisces
... between pool benthos and drift ranged between 7% and 59%. Data on food habits of Notropis gathered from stomach content analysis of fishes collected over the same period indicate that 73%'/oof the invertebrate genera present are utilized by Notropis species in Roxbury Creek. Considerable overlap exi ...
... between pool benthos and drift ranged between 7% and 59%. Data on food habits of Notropis gathered from stomach content analysis of fishes collected over the same period indicate that 73%'/oof the invertebrate genera present are utilized by Notropis species in Roxbury Creek. Considerable overlap exi ...
uncorrected page proofs
... wrote: ‘An ecosystem is greater than the sum of its parts’. This is another way of saying that an ecosystem is a functioning system, not just living things and their non-living surroundings. When you think about any ecosystem, remember its three essential parts: • a living community consisting of v ...
... wrote: ‘An ecosystem is greater than the sum of its parts’. This is another way of saying that an ecosystem is a functioning system, not just living things and their non-living surroundings. When you think about any ecosystem, remember its three essential parts: • a living community consisting of v ...
Experimental evaluation of evolution and coevolution
... known about the role of coevolution in shaping ecosystem function. Here, we experimentally evaluated the relative effects of species invasion (a traditional ecological effect), evolution and coevolution on ecosystem processes in Trinidadian streams. We manipulated the presence and population-of-orig ...
... known about the role of coevolution in shaping ecosystem function. Here, we experimentally evaluated the relative effects of species invasion (a traditional ecological effect), evolution and coevolution on ecosystem processes in Trinidadian streams. We manipulated the presence and population-of-orig ...
Key Elements of Biodiversity in British Columbia
... Key Elements of Biodiversity in BC: Some Examples from Freshwater and Aquatic Realms, R. Holt and T. Hadfield. May 2007 ...
... Key Elements of Biodiversity in BC: Some Examples from Freshwater and Aquatic Realms, R. Holt and T. Hadfield. May 2007 ...
A stoichiometric exception to the competitive exclusion principle.
... not appear to hold in nature, where high biodiversity is commonly observed, even in seemingly homeogenous habitats. Although various mechanisms, such as spatial heterogeneity or chaotic fluctuations, have been proposed to explain this coexistence, none of them invalidates this principle. Here we eva ...
... not appear to hold in nature, where high biodiversity is commonly observed, even in seemingly homeogenous habitats. Although various mechanisms, such as spatial heterogeneity or chaotic fluctuations, have been proposed to explain this coexistence, none of them invalidates this principle. Here we eva ...
Estimating competition coefоcients: strong competition among three
... competitive interactions in this system if two reasonable assumptions are met. The ®rst of these assumptions is that all competition between these species happens during the larval stage, i.e., the adult insects do not compete. I also assumed that each unit of adult biomass results in a certain numb ...
... competitive interactions in this system if two reasonable assumptions are met. The ®rst of these assumptions is that all competition between these species happens during the larval stage, i.e., the adult insects do not compete. I also assumed that each unit of adult biomass results in a certain numb ...
Consumers Control Diversity and Functioning of a Natural Marine
... limitations of previous work, including limited attention to trophic interactions, a focus on species richness rather than evenness, and the use of artificially assembled communities. Methodology and Principal Findings: In this study, we manipulated the density of an herbivorous snail in natural tid ...
... limitations of previous work, including limited attention to trophic interactions, a focus on species richness rather than evenness, and the use of artificially assembled communities. Methodology and Principal Findings: In this study, we manipulated the density of an herbivorous snail in natural tid ...
Interactions of components of habitats alter composition and
... to clarify differences between the effects of different structural characteristics of habitat (Downes et al. 1998). The two major factors are complexity and heterogeneity, the influences of which depend on the scale at which they are measured (McCoy & Bell 1991). Complexity is measured as the total ...
... to clarify differences between the effects of different structural characteristics of habitat (Downes et al. 1998). The two major factors are complexity and heterogeneity, the influences of which depend on the scale at which they are measured (McCoy & Bell 1991). Complexity is measured as the total ...
Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas
... (down to 5 ppt) for short periods (Shatkin et al. 1997). These wide tolerances enable C. gigas to grow in a variety of environments that are unsuitable for native oyster species. This broad environmental tolerance allows C. gigas to grow higher in the tidal zone than native oysters grow. A recent st ...
... (down to 5 ppt) for short periods (Shatkin et al. 1997). These wide tolerances enable C. gigas to grow in a variety of environments that are unsuitable for native oyster species. This broad environmental tolerance allows C. gigas to grow higher in the tidal zone than native oysters grow. A recent st ...
Restoration Ecology: Interventionist Approaches for - LERF
... Moving beyond these myths is a key element of developing more successful restoration strategies. Ideas from succession theory and ecosystem assembly can be useful in this context (31, 32), and allowing normal successional processes to proceed may sometimes be the most effective way to return an ecos ...
... Moving beyond these myths is a key element of developing more successful restoration strategies. Ideas from succession theory and ecosystem assembly can be useful in this context (31, 32), and allowing normal successional processes to proceed may sometimes be the most effective way to return an ecos ...
Guidelines for marine ranching and stock enhancement: Draft
... All stock releases, whether of an introduced or transferred species, carry the danger of accidental introduction of disease causing agents andlor non-target species including pathogens, parasites and pest organisms to an area, with potentially highly detrimental effects on the ecosystem. It is impor ...
... All stock releases, whether of an introduced or transferred species, carry the danger of accidental introduction of disease causing agents andlor non-target species including pathogens, parasites and pest organisms to an area, with potentially highly detrimental effects on the ecosystem. It is impor ...
Conference Handbook
... developed an integrative modelling framework for nutrition (the Geometric Framework), which was devised and tested using insects but has since been applied to a wide range of organisms, from slime moulds to humans, and problems, from aquaculture and conservation biology to the dietary causes of huma ...
... developed an integrative modelling framework for nutrition (the Geometric Framework), which was devised and tested using insects but has since been applied to a wide range of organisms, from slime moulds to humans, and problems, from aquaculture and conservation biology to the dietary causes of huma ...
Patterns of trophic niche divergence between invasive
... assessments to be based on empirical data (Copp et al. 2014). Dietary interactions with resident species frequently determine the outcome of introductions of non-native species (Baiser, Russell & Lockwood 2010; Jackson et al. 2012), and they strongly influence the ecological impacts that develop in ...
... assessments to be based on empirical data (Copp et al. 2014). Dietary interactions with resident species frequently determine the outcome of introductions of non-native species (Baiser, Russell & Lockwood 2010; Jackson et al. 2012), and they strongly influence the ecological impacts that develop in ...
Prologue: On reindeer and men
... the elimination of animals from reproduction, is limited to the satisfaction of immediate domestic needs. Finally, ranching is defined by the predatory exploitation of animals which nevertheless constitute objects of property, for sale in a money market. Production for exchange, far from placing a d ...
... the elimination of animals from reproduction, is limited to the satisfaction of immediate domestic needs. Finally, ranching is defined by the predatory exploitation of animals which nevertheless constitute objects of property, for sale in a money market. Production for exchange, far from placing a d ...
Supporting Materials
... realizations of a hypothetical phytoplankton ecosystem along a meridional transect from 80◦ N to 80◦ S (note that this is the latitudinal extent of the global model), each with 78 species. Each species range size was chosen at random between a minimum of 0◦ and a maximum of 160◦ in extent. The midp ...
... realizations of a hypothetical phytoplankton ecosystem along a meridional transect from 80◦ N to 80◦ S (note that this is the latitudinal extent of the global model), each with 78 species. Each species range size was chosen at random between a minimum of 0◦ and a maximum of 160◦ in extent. The midp ...
Drainage Services Department Practice Note No. 1/2015 Guidelines
... conservation area. For example, a flood retention lake could be deployed to serve as an amenity lake in wet season if designed as a wet pond; while in dry season it could be used as open space if designed as a dry pond. The water body and green features could also help mitigate climate change impact ...
... conservation area. For example, a flood retention lake could be deployed to serve as an amenity lake in wet season if designed as a wet pond; while in dry season it could be used as open space if designed as a dry pond. The water body and green features could also help mitigate climate change impact ...
SER2015 POSTER SESSIONS
... Destruction of natural habitats due to human activities continues to increase. In 2002, the United Nations estimated that over 70% of the natural habitats on Earth will be lost by 2030. Considering this high loss, not only conservation but also restoration of vegetation in vulnerable natural habitat ...
... Destruction of natural habitats due to human activities continues to increase. In 2002, the United Nations estimated that over 70% of the natural habitats on Earth will be lost by 2030. Considering this high loss, not only conservation but also restoration of vegetation in vulnerable natural habitat ...
Sea urchin fisheries and potential ecological interactions with a kina
... populations in the Leigh Marine Reserve in Northland. It is likely however, that changes in the abundance of kina, and the consequent changes in habitat representation, are part of a complex set of interacting processes, including but not exclusively, increased predation. If sites in Fiordland have ...
... populations in the Leigh Marine Reserve in Northland. It is likely however, that changes in the abundance of kina, and the consequent changes in habitat representation, are part of a complex set of interacting processes, including but not exclusively, increased predation. If sites in Fiordland have ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.