Mountain Biodiversity and global change
... How big is the mountain area globally? An early attempt to answer this question considered all land above 300 m a.s.l. but excluded the major plateau area, and decided that 24.3% of all land area outside Antarctica belongs to mountain classification (Kapos et al. 2000). This definition still includes ...
... How big is the mountain area globally? An early attempt to answer this question considered all land above 300 m a.s.l. but excluded the major plateau area, and decided that 24.3% of all land area outside Antarctica belongs to mountain classification (Kapos et al. 2000). This definition still includes ...
- D-Scholarship@Pitt
... predicted to be the key drivers of plant community dynamics and resulting structure. Tilman (1988, 1990) has argued that species-specific allocation tradeoffs should correlate with hierarchies of competitive ability, relative abundance, and coexistence in plant communities. We examined 6 classic and ...
... predicted to be the key drivers of plant community dynamics and resulting structure. Tilman (1988, 1990) has argued that species-specific allocation tradeoffs should correlate with hierarchies of competitive ability, relative abundance, and coexistence in plant communities. We examined 6 classic and ...
On the structural stability of mutualistic systems
... coexistence of species—the existence of an equilibrium point that is feasible and dynamically stable. For instance, in our previous two-species competition system there is a restricted area in the parameter space of intrinsic growth rates that leads to a globally stable and feasible solution as long ...
... coexistence of species—the existence of an equilibrium point that is feasible and dynamically stable. For instance, in our previous two-species competition system there is a restricted area in the parameter space of intrinsic growth rates that leads to a globally stable and feasible solution as long ...
BIODIVERSITY-ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION RESEARCH
... assumption that particular levels can be unambiguously considered good (Lawler et al. 2002). Even when the implication of purpose is removed by defining functioning as simply showing activity (Naeem et al. 1999), the problem of value judgment remains. In intensively managed ecosystems (e.g., agricul ...
... assumption that particular levels can be unambiguously considered good (Lawler et al. 2002). Even when the implication of purpose is removed by defining functioning as simply showing activity (Naeem et al. 1999), the problem of value judgment remains. In intensively managed ecosystems (e.g., agricul ...
Mechanistic Approaches to Community Ecology
... shift out of the vegetation and the point (in terms of food density) at which each did so. These experimental results paralleled the habitat distributions of the species in unmanipulated field situations. Small discrepancies in the predictions were attributed to aggressive behavior between individua ...
... shift out of the vegetation and the point (in terms of food density) at which each did so. These experimental results paralleled the habitat distributions of the species in unmanipulated field situations. Small discrepancies in the predictions were attributed to aggressive behavior between individua ...
key innovations and radiations
... changes that have a disproportionate effect on evolution. An even more serious problem than the possible uniqueness o f key innovations is that in most frequently used definitions the key innovation is causally linked to diversification. This makes these definitions (intestable. The definition o f H ...
... changes that have a disproportionate effect on evolution. An even more serious problem than the possible uniqueness o f key innovations is that in most frequently used definitions the key innovation is causally linked to diversification. This makes these definitions (intestable. The definition o f H ...
community - canesbio
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions. • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism). • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects ...
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions. • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism). • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects ...
Conservation Planning And Research Program Report 2011–13
... The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views, opinions or policy of funding bodies or participating member agencies or organisations. The ACT Government is committed to making its information, services, events and venues as acces ...
... The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views, opinions or policy of funding bodies or participating member agencies or organisations. The ACT Government is committed to making its information, services, events and venues as acces ...
Conservation Planning And Research Program Report 2011–13
... The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views, opinions or policy of funding bodies or participating member agencies or organisations. The ACT Government is committed to making its information, services, events and venues as acces ...
... The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views, opinions or policy of funding bodies or participating member agencies or organisations. The ACT Government is committed to making its information, services, events and venues as acces ...
detailed description - University of Victoria
... Totaling fewer than seven hundred men, women and children, the Lacandones are the descendants of Yucatec and Itzaj Maya fugitives who fled the Yucatan and the Guatemala Petén in the 17th and 18th centuries. Since then, they have been living in the lowland tropical forest covering the southeastern st ...
... Totaling fewer than seven hundred men, women and children, the Lacandones are the descendants of Yucatec and Itzaj Maya fugitives who fled the Yucatan and the Guatemala Petén in the 17th and 18th centuries. Since then, they have been living in the lowland tropical forest covering the southeastern st ...
habitat in agricultural landscapes: how much is enough?
... food, fiber, and other products for human use. In many regions, native people intentionally managed the prairie and other natural ecosystems by mimicking natural disturbance patterns on the landscape, such as setting fires to maintain prairie, manage berry crops, and modify wildlife habitat. In Nort ...
... food, fiber, and other products for human use. In many regions, native people intentionally managed the prairie and other natural ecosystems by mimicking natural disturbance patterns on the landscape, such as setting fires to maintain prairie, manage berry crops, and modify wildlife habitat. In Nort ...
natural selection favors rapid reproductive
... seed numbers would indicate that quick flowering is adaptive in a given environment. Such work can greatly enhance traditional measures of phenological variation along high altitude snowmelt gradients by directly testing hypotheses about the adaptive significance of flowering quickly or slowly in di ...
... seed numbers would indicate that quick flowering is adaptive in a given environment. Such work can greatly enhance traditional measures of phenological variation along high altitude snowmelt gradients by directly testing hypotheses about the adaptive significance of flowering quickly or slowly in di ...
Downloaded - Sites Lab - Brigham Young University
... ancestral lineages (different combinations of sexual species) seem to provide independent evolutionary “recombination experiments” and sometimes lead to multiple ploidy levels (2n and 3n). The other feature is more ecological. Relative to their closest sexual relatives, parthenogenetic species are u ...
... ancestral lineages (different combinations of sexual species) seem to provide independent evolutionary “recombination experiments” and sometimes lead to multiple ploidy levels (2n and 3n). The other feature is more ecological. Relative to their closest sexual relatives, parthenogenetic species are u ...
Effects of predator richness on prey suppression: a metaanalysis
... species rich predator mixture suppresses prey to a lesser or greater degree than the average of its component species in monoculture. The second log ratio, LRmax, gauges the performance of the polyculture relative to the predator species that is most effective at suppressing prey (i.e., highest effic ...
... species rich predator mixture suppresses prey to a lesser or greater degree than the average of its component species in monoculture. The second log ratio, LRmax, gauges the performance of the polyculture relative to the predator species that is most effective at suppressing prey (i.e., highest effic ...
pdf reprint
... p. 4: “The same principles apply, and will apply to an accelerating extent in the future, to formerly continuous natural habitats now being broken up by the encroachment of civilization, a process graphically illustrated by Curtis’ maps of the changing woodland of Wisconsin”. Figure 1 in their monog ...
... p. 4: “The same principles apply, and will apply to an accelerating extent in the future, to formerly continuous natural habitats now being broken up by the encroachment of civilization, a process graphically illustrated by Curtis’ maps of the changing woodland of Wisconsin”. Figure 1 in their monog ...
Relative herbivory tolerance and competitive ability in two dominant
... limited because competition is often inferred indirectly from plant performance, rather than from the direct assessment of resource acquisition (Caldwell et al. 1985). Our understanding of the effects of defoliation on resource acquisition and competition is especially limited for native plants in f ...
... limited because competition is often inferred indirectly from plant performance, rather than from the direct assessment of resource acquisition (Caldwell et al. 1985). Our understanding of the effects of defoliation on resource acquisition and competition is especially limited for native plants in f ...
PDF
... et al. 2016). Another example comes from classical models of sexual selection through female choice, in particular the Fisher-Lande-Kirkpatrick model (Fisher 1930; Lande 1981; Kirkpatrick 1982; Prum 2010). In this model, there is genetic variation in both female preferences for a male secondary sexu ...
... et al. 2016). Another example comes from classical models of sexual selection through female choice, in particular the Fisher-Lande-Kirkpatrick model (Fisher 1930; Lande 1981; Kirkpatrick 1982; Prum 2010). In this model, there is genetic variation in both female preferences for a male secondary sexu ...
The importance of invertebrate biodiversity
... maintaining the integrity of communities by eliminating intruders which would usually arrive in very small numbers compared to the large number of seeds/seedlings produced by the resident plants. In this way, intact native communities can resist invasive weeds, unless the process is disrupted by man ...
... maintaining the integrity of communities by eliminating intruders which would usually arrive in very small numbers compared to the large number of seeds/seedlings produced by the resident plants. In this way, intact native communities can resist invasive weeds, unless the process is disrupted by man ...
Natural selection
... Even if it means trouble for the species in the long term i.e. through natural selection, the frequency of a gene increases that allows a female to have more offspring The population can outstrip its available food resources and crash ...
... Even if it means trouble for the species in the long term i.e. through natural selection, the frequency of a gene increases that allows a female to have more offspring The population can outstrip its available food resources and crash ...
Quantifying and testing coexistence mechanisms arising from
... recruitment alter the competition that occurs during recruitment by altering the density of individuals that are competing for the resources needed for recruitment. For example, if more tree seedlings appear in the forest due to environmental effects, competition between seedlings can be expected to ...
... recruitment alter the competition that occurs during recruitment by altering the density of individuals that are competing for the resources needed for recruitment. For example, if more tree seedlings appear in the forest due to environmental effects, competition between seedlings can be expected to ...
Ecosystem Consequences of Biological Invasions
... Pool Size: Do Exotic Species Alter the Amounts and Distribution of Elements within Ecosystems? Change in pool sizes has been examined in many studies of plant invasions. Liao et al. (2008), in a recent meta-analysis, found that plant invasions result in much higher pools of aboveground (133% higher) ...
... Pool Size: Do Exotic Species Alter the Amounts and Distribution of Elements within Ecosystems? Change in pool sizes has been examined in many studies of plant invasions. Liao et al. (2008), in a recent meta-analysis, found that plant invasions result in much higher pools of aboveground (133% higher) ...
Phytobenthic communities in the Baltic Sea succession
... vegetative growth from neighbouring areas, propagule dispersal or from the spore bank (Ricklefs and Miller 1999). Most algae colonise new space by generating propagules, reproductive spore bodies of different types that are detached from the adult and have pelagic dispersion (Fletcher and Callow 199 ...
... vegetative growth from neighbouring areas, propagule dispersal or from the spore bank (Ricklefs and Miller 1999). Most algae colonise new space by generating propagules, reproductive spore bodies of different types that are detached from the adult and have pelagic dispersion (Fletcher and Callow 199 ...
The American Alligator: An Indicator Species for Everglades
... U.S. Department of Agriculture, UF/IFAS Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A & M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, dean for UF/IFAS Extension. ...
... U.S. Department of Agriculture, UF/IFAS Extension Service, University of Florida, IFAS, Florida A & M University Cooperative Extension Program, and Boards of County Commissioners Cooperating. Nick T. Place, dean for UF/IFAS Extension. ...
Nasua nasua - CIRCABC
... individuals as pets, a decade earlier, which were located in a rural hotel, where an escape or release may have occurred (Mayol et al, 2009). Currently, the property no longer holds this species, even though there are at least five or six other animals in private collections in the island. Some of t ...
... individuals as pets, a decade earlier, which were located in a rural hotel, where an escape or release may have occurred (Mayol et al, 2009). Currently, the property no longer holds this species, even though there are at least five or six other animals in private collections in the island. Some of t ...
Modelling Food Webs
... directly from the environment — and intermediate species have both predators and prey. It is now possible to classify all links in the web into four classes: links between top species and intermediate species, top species and basal species, intermediate species and basal species, and links between i ...
... directly from the environment — and intermediate species have both predators and prey. It is now possible to classify all links in the web into four classes: links between top species and intermediate species, top species and basal species, intermediate species and basal species, and links between i ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.