54_Lecture_Presentation - APBiology2015-2016
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism) • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects c ...
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism) • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects c ...
Economic instruments to achieve ecosystem objectives in fisheries
... derivatives are contained in the (II) Jacobian matrices e, Ye and Gx. Gx is the biological community matrix as previously discussed. However, these two equations make it clear that the matrices e and Ye - which may be regarded as the economic community matrices - play in general just as important ...
... derivatives are contained in the (II) Jacobian matrices e, Ye and Gx. Gx is the biological community matrix as previously discussed. However, these two equations make it clear that the matrices e and Ye - which may be regarded as the economic community matrices - play in general just as important ...
Rusty Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) - GB non
... already become established in GB. Crayfish plague should not be a problem for this North American species, which may be carrying the plague and other parasites/pathogens are of minor consequence. It is also likely to displace other crayfish species (Momot 1997) which may be predators and prey. 40 - ...
... already become established in GB. Crayfish plague should not be a problem for this North American species, which may be carrying the plague and other parasites/pathogens are of minor consequence. It is also likely to displace other crayfish species (Momot 1997) which may be predators and prey. 40 - ...
Integrating bacteria into food webs: Studies with Sarracenia
... knowledge about the species that make up microbial food webs. Most studies focus on aggregated webs in which these organisms are treated as functional groups or ‘‘trophic species,’’ e.g., heterotrophic bacteria, phagotrophic protozoa, and so on. In worst case scenarios, the entire microbiota is aggr ...
... knowledge about the species that make up microbial food webs. Most studies focus on aggregated webs in which these organisms are treated as functional groups or ‘‘trophic species,’’ e.g., heterotrophic bacteria, phagotrophic protozoa, and so on. In worst case scenarios, the entire microbiota is aggr ...
Invasive ants alter the phylogenetic structure on native communities
... aims to document patterns of ant diversity and explore the possible ecological mechanisms leading to these patterns. Elucidating the processes by which communities assemble and species coexist might help explain spatial variation in species diversity. Using a combination of manipulative experiments, ...
... aims to document patterns of ant diversity and explore the possible ecological mechanisms leading to these patterns. Elucidating the processes by which communities assemble and species coexist might help explain spatial variation in species diversity. Using a combination of manipulative experiments, ...
Frontiers in research on biodiversity and disease
... that spatial scale might mediate the form of the diversity–disease relationship; while vertebrate diversity might inhibit transmission at fine scales (e.g. within forest patches), at broader spatial scales (e.g. the transition from urban to forested areas), some minimum amount of wildlife diversity ...
... that spatial scale might mediate the form of the diversity–disease relationship; while vertebrate diversity might inhibit transmission at fine scales (e.g. within forest patches), at broader spatial scales (e.g. the transition from urban to forested areas), some minimum amount of wildlife diversity ...
Global amphibian declines: sorting the hypotheses - Collins Lab
... The mechanisms underlying these hypotheses are more complex and more difficult to understand than class I hypotheses. Global change may affect a region directly, or change in one region may initiate a string of events that alters habitats far from the source (Stenseth et al., 2002). Global change hy ...
... The mechanisms underlying these hypotheses are more complex and more difficult to understand than class I hypotheses. Global change may affect a region directly, or change in one region may initiate a string of events that alters habitats far from the source (Stenseth et al., 2002). Global change hy ...
Author`s personal copy
... diversity of certain European grasslands even exceeds tropical rainforests (Wilson et al., 2012), which are normally considered the most diverse ecosystems on earth. A high proportion of the flora and fauna of Europe are grassland specialists, including many endemics (e.g. Hobohm and Bruchmann, 2009; ...
... diversity of certain European grasslands even exceeds tropical rainforests (Wilson et al., 2012), which are normally considered the most diverse ecosystems on earth. A high proportion of the flora and fauna of Europe are grassland specialists, including many endemics (e.g. Hobohm and Bruchmann, 2009; ...
Untitled - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
... property of ecological interactions, conferring benefits at a microcosmic community scale akin to ...
... property of ecological interactions, conferring benefits at a microcosmic community scale akin to ...
anemone Anemonia sulcata.
... Species seeking shelter for brief periods on A. sulcata can try to monopolise this resource, particularly if they are equipped with “strong weaponry”, such as well developed chelae (Thiel and Baeza, 2001). Although this assumption may be true for M. brachydactyla, P. hirtellus and P. (N.) puber, sin ...
... Species seeking shelter for brief periods on A. sulcata can try to monopolise this resource, particularly if they are equipped with “strong weaponry”, such as well developed chelae (Thiel and Baeza, 2001). Although this assumption may be true for M. brachydactyla, P. hirtellus and P. (N.) puber, sin ...
Stoichiometry of nutrient recycling by vertebrates in a tropical stream
... body P contents and low P excretion rates (Figs 1a and 2a). At the other extreme, the two tadpole families (one species each) had low body P and high P excretion rates. There was relatively little variation among families in body C or N content, or in body C : N ratio (Figs 2b, c, f). However, body ...
... body P contents and low P excretion rates (Figs 1a and 2a). At the other extreme, the two tadpole families (one species each) had low body P and high P excretion rates. There was relatively little variation among families in body C or N content, or in body C : N ratio (Figs 2b, c, f). However, body ...
Succession
... For example, as lichens add organic matter and form soil, mosses and other plants can colonize and grow. As organic matter continues to accumulate, other species move in and change the environment further. Over time, more and more species can find suitable niches and survive. ...
... For example, as lichens add organic matter and form soil, mosses and other plants can colonize and grow. As organic matter continues to accumulate, other species move in and change the environment further. Over time, more and more species can find suitable niches and survive. ...
Leaf trait variation and field spectroscopy of generalist tree species
... underscoring the importance of community-level variation in traits. An increasing number of leaf traits are being measured routinely in plant communities (Asner et al., 2011; Asner et al., 2015), and these traits can be placed with three functional groups involved in shaping plant performance (Asner ...
... underscoring the importance of community-level variation in traits. An increasing number of leaf traits are being measured routinely in plant communities (Asner et al., 2011; Asner et al., 2015), and these traits can be placed with three functional groups involved in shaping plant performance (Asner ...
Durham Research Online
... biological subspecies), suggested that replacement in Europe occurred via a moving hybrid zone between different hominin ‘species’. This idea, contrasting with other cercopithecid-hominin comparisons, needs testing further, but the baboon analogy, as Jolly (2001) points out, certainly shows that the ...
... biological subspecies), suggested that replacement in Europe occurred via a moving hybrid zone between different hominin ‘species’. This idea, contrasting with other cercopithecid-hominin comparisons, needs testing further, but the baboon analogy, as Jolly (2001) points out, certainly shows that the ...
Food-web theory provides guidelines for marine
... relatively few interactions are strong and the vast majority are weak (supporting previous results obtained from smaller webs; for example, Paine 1992; Wootton 1997). One can assume that most real ecological systems are built this way. That is, they are the product of dynamic selection, in that the ...
... relatively few interactions are strong and the vast majority are weak (supporting previous results obtained from smaller webs; for example, Paine 1992; Wootton 1997). One can assume that most real ecological systems are built this way. That is, they are the product of dynamic selection, in that the ...
An empiricist guide to animal personality variation in ecology and
... see Bell 2012 for more details). It is also important to ensure that you get estimates of ...
... see Bell 2012 for more details). It is also important to ensure that you get estimates of ...
COMPETITION AND SALT-MARSH PLANT ZONATION: STRESS
... Spartina alterniflora–S. patens, S. patens–Juncus gerardi, and J. gerardi–Distichlis spicata. We did not include S. patens–D. spicata mixed plots because these species did not coexist in appropriate mixtures in these marshes. Each plot was initially placed so that it contained ;50% of each species, ...
... Spartina alterniflora–S. patens, S. patens–Juncus gerardi, and J. gerardi–Distichlis spicata. We did not include S. patens–D. spicata mixed plots because these species did not coexist in appropriate mixtures in these marshes. Each plot was initially placed so that it contained ;50% of each species, ...
international standards for the practice of ecological restoration
... potentially, some further intervention may be required to ensure that the trajectory of recovery ultimately converges with full recovery and is not deflected off course by unexpected factors. If full recovery has been achieved but ongoing interventions (e.g., removal of invasive species, or applicat ...
... potentially, some further intervention may be required to ensure that the trajectory of recovery ultimately converges with full recovery and is not deflected off course by unexpected factors. If full recovery has been achieved but ongoing interventions (e.g., removal of invasive species, or applicat ...
Intertidal and Nearshore Rocky Reefs
... on a typical intertidal rocky reef: the supra-littoral zone (littoral fringe), upper eulittoral zone and the lower eulittoral (sublittoral zone) (Lewis 1964), with the mid-shore generally having the greatest species diversity, whilst the lower shore those most prolific. Although physical parameters ...
... on a typical intertidal rocky reef: the supra-littoral zone (littoral fringe), upper eulittoral zone and the lower eulittoral (sublittoral zone) (Lewis 1964), with the mid-shore generally having the greatest species diversity, whilst the lower shore those most prolific. Although physical parameters ...
CALIFORNIA`S DESERTS, PART 1: BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
... by the expansive landscapes and mesmerized by the seemingly empty yet colorful mountains, dry lake beds, and sweeping plateaus. Later, when I returned as a researcher exploring on foot, I had the gift of time to see closely, to witness change over the course of days and seasons. During my first dese ...
... by the expansive landscapes and mesmerized by the seemingly empty yet colorful mountains, dry lake beds, and sweeping plateaus. Later, when I returned as a researcher exploring on foot, I had the gift of time to see closely, to witness change over the course of days and seasons. During my first dese ...
USING ECOLOGICAL THEORY TO GUIDE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AUGMENTATIVE RESTORATION by
... invasive plants can have unexpected impacts on native plants and wildland systems. Therefore, it is important for managers of invasive species to become increasingly concerned with more than target invaders, but also ecological mechanisms and processes like invasion resistance, environmental heterog ...
... invasive plants can have unexpected impacts on native plants and wildland systems. Therefore, it is important for managers of invasive species to become increasingly concerned with more than target invaders, but also ecological mechanisms and processes like invasion resistance, environmental heterog ...
Competitive strategies of soft corals (Coelenterata
... glaucum (Quoy & Gaimard) and Sinularia sp. Visible effects observed included growth modification, stunting, scarring, and bleaching. Allelopathy was suspected as the cause. An experiment was performed to examine the responses of certain alcyonaceans to each other in competition for space a n d possi ...
... glaucum (Quoy & Gaimard) and Sinularia sp. Visible effects observed included growth modification, stunting, scarring, and bleaching. Allelopathy was suspected as the cause. An experiment was performed to examine the responses of certain alcyonaceans to each other in competition for space a n d possi ...
Testing the island effect in adaptive radiation: rates and patterns of
... Quite the contrary, we found that rates and extent of diversification were comparable—Anolis adaptive radiation is not an island phenomenon. However, mainland and Caribbean anoles occupy different parts of morphological space; in independent colonizations of both island and mainland habitats, island ...
... Quite the contrary, we found that rates and extent of diversification were comparable—Anolis adaptive radiation is not an island phenomenon. However, mainland and Caribbean anoles occupy different parts of morphological space; in independent colonizations of both island and mainland habitats, island ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.