![Indirect interactions and plant community structure](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000817322_1-8910abb20a42fc8d871c89e9672095d3-300x300.png)
Indirect interactions and plant community structure
... High species diversity increases the productivity and functioning of ecosystems (Hooper 2005), therefore understanding the processes that promote coexistence in communities is crucial. Most theory for coexistence finds common ground in explaining how the effects of interspecific competition, or the ...
... High species diversity increases the productivity and functioning of ecosystems (Hooper 2005), therefore understanding the processes that promote coexistence in communities is crucial. Most theory for coexistence finds common ground in explaining how the effects of interspecific competition, or the ...
Biological Diversity - FIU Faculty Websites
... In practice, this approach is routinely impossible for two reasons. First, the number of individuals that must be sampled to reach an asymptote can often be prohibitively large (Chao et al. 2009). The problem is most severe in the tropics, where species diversity is high and most species are rare. F ...
... In practice, this approach is routinely impossible for two reasons. First, the number of individuals that must be sampled to reach an asymptote can often be prohibitively large (Chao et al. 2009). The problem is most severe in the tropics, where species diversity is high and most species are rare. F ...
pdf. - Robert Colwell
... In practice, this approach is routinely impossible for two reasons. First, the number of individuals that must be sampled to reach an asymptote can often be prohibitively large (Chao et al. 2009). The problem is most severe in the tropics, where species diversity is high and most species are rare. F ...
... In practice, this approach is routinely impossible for two reasons. First, the number of individuals that must be sampled to reach an asymptote can often be prohibitively large (Chao et al. 2009). The problem is most severe in the tropics, where species diversity is high and most species are rare. F ...
The Landscape Ecology of Invasive Spread
... biodiversity, little theoretical or empirical research has addressed the effects of landscape structure—or spatial pattern more generally—on the spread of invasive species. Landscape ecology is the study of how spatial pattern affects ecological process. Thus, a landscape ecology of invasive spread ...
... biodiversity, little theoretical or empirical research has addressed the effects of landscape structure—or spatial pattern more generally—on the spread of invasive species. Landscape ecology is the study of how spatial pattern affects ecological process. Thus, a landscape ecology of invasive spread ...
Disentangling direct and indirect effects of experimental grassland
... Other studies on trophic interactions in biodiversity experiments have largely relied on artificially sown gradients in plant diversity [14-16]. To achieve more realistic results, we performed this study in an old grassland and only changed the relative importance of grasses and forbs [17]. We chose ...
... Other studies on trophic interactions in biodiversity experiments have largely relied on artificially sown gradients in plant diversity [14-16]. To achieve more realistic results, we performed this study in an old grassland and only changed the relative importance of grasses and forbs [17]. We chose ...
The Disturbing History of Intermediate Disturbance David M
... then it should be Grime rather than Connell who is cited as its originator. It will come as no surprise to anyone with an interest in the history of science that the intermediate disturbance hypothesis does not emerge fully formed during the 1970's without any prior history. Scientific ideas seldom ...
... then it should be Grime rather than Connell who is cited as its originator. It will come as no surprise to anyone with an interest in the history of science that the intermediate disturbance hypothesis does not emerge fully formed during the 1970's without any prior history. Scientific ideas seldom ...
Life-history evolution in the anthropocene: effects of
... H10: As nutrient availability changes, selection shifts to favor novel signals linked to new resource limitations (signal diversification) H11: As nutrient availability changes, selection favors increasing allocation to an existing signal (signal elaboration) Questions about responses to rapid envir ...
... H10: As nutrient availability changes, selection shifts to favor novel signals linked to new resource limitations (signal diversification) H11: As nutrient availability changes, selection favors increasing allocation to an existing signal (signal elaboration) Questions about responses to rapid envir ...
Western Grassland Reserves interim management
... reserves will be ‘protected areas’ in line with international standards (IUCN; Dudley 2008). However, the exact legal status of the reserves is yet to be determined, and an over-all vision for their future is yet to be enunciated. It is certain that the Western Grassland Reserves will not protect a ...
... reserves will be ‘protected areas’ in line with international standards (IUCN; Dudley 2008). However, the exact legal status of the reserves is yet to be determined, and an over-all vision for their future is yet to be enunciated. It is certain that the Western Grassland Reserves will not protect a ...
pdf
... 2. An experiment was conducted in forests and open scrubland at mid- and high elevations to explore: (a) the possibility of differential seed predation by rodents and granivorous ants; (b) the spatial variation, between and within habitats, in post-dispersal seed predation and predator abundance; an ...
... 2. An experiment was conducted in forests and open scrubland at mid- and high elevations to explore: (a) the possibility of differential seed predation by rodents and granivorous ants; (b) the spatial variation, between and within habitats, in post-dispersal seed predation and predator abundance; an ...
Megafauna and ecosystem function from the
... abundant in almost all of the landscapes and seascapes on Earth for hundreds of millions of years, including through multiple glacial–interglacial transitions and other periods of climate change. Then, mainly in the last 50,000 y, there has been a rapid decrease in large animal abundance and diversi ...
... abundant in almost all of the landscapes and seascapes on Earth for hundreds of millions of years, including through multiple glacial–interglacial transitions and other periods of climate change. Then, mainly in the last 50,000 y, there has been a rapid decrease in large animal abundance and diversi ...
Ecosystems and Living Organisms
... with more favorable genetic traits are more likely to survive and reproduce Frequency of favorable traits increase in subsequent generations (adaptation) © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
... with more favorable genetic traits are more likely to survive and reproduce Frequency of favorable traits increase in subsequent generations (adaptation) © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
Facultative mutualism between an herbivorous crab and a coralline
... function mutualistically with the host alga. Despite the obvious benefit of associating with N. stricturn, M. sculptus did not prefer it over other habitats offering a structurally similar refuge, suggesting that these crabs are not N . stricturn specialists, but rather occupy multiple habitats that ...
... function mutualistically with the host alga. Despite the obvious benefit of associating with N. stricturn, M. sculptus did not prefer it over other habitats offering a structurally similar refuge, suggesting that these crabs are not N . stricturn specialists, but rather occupy multiple habitats that ...
P for Two, Sharing a Scarce Resource: Soil Phosphorus Acquisition
... rhizosphere and indirect, microbially mediated processes will be addressed. Such positive interactions are particularly valuable when resources are limited, as occurs in low-input agroecosystems. For example, beneficial effects of intercropping have been observed at lower rates of P fertilizer appli ...
... rhizosphere and indirect, microbially mediated processes will be addressed. Such positive interactions are particularly valuable when resources are limited, as occurs in low-input agroecosystems. For example, beneficial effects of intercropping have been observed at lower rates of P fertilizer appli ...
Design of recreational corridor planning of Henan
... benefit, so, looking for the planning of a more reasonable way, vernacular landscape conformity resources, into the tourism system is an effective protection strategy. Based on the local landscape resources protection corridor planning strategy The construction of riparian ecological corridor, linki ...
... benefit, so, looking for the planning of a more reasonable way, vernacular landscape conformity resources, into the tourism system is an effective protection strategy. Based on the local landscape resources protection corridor planning strategy The construction of riparian ecological corridor, linki ...
The Mechanistic Approach of `The Theory of Island Biogeography
... equilibrium model of TIB can be interpreted along mechanistic lines, but does not develop this proposal. Commentators of TIB have given little attention to the importance of explanation in this theory and its relationship to the goal of transforming biogeography into a predictive science, yet Wilson ...
... equilibrium model of TIB can be interpreted along mechanistic lines, but does not develop this proposal. Commentators of TIB have given little attention to the importance of explanation in this theory and its relationship to the goal of transforming biogeography into a predictive science, yet Wilson ...
Metapopulation Ecology - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary
... determined by births and deaths, in metapopulation studies, we keep track of the number of local populations as governed by local colonisations and extinctions. The concept of a metapopulation should simplify our understanding of the overall persistence of spatially structured populations, as well a ...
... determined by births and deaths, in metapopulation studies, we keep track of the number of local populations as governed by local colonisations and extinctions. The concept of a metapopulation should simplify our understanding of the overall persistence of spatially structured populations, as well a ...
The architecture of mutualistic networks minimizes competition and
... possible cases, it can be shown that in this case there is no possible fixed point where the species below the strong mutualism threshold have positive biomass. It follows from this analysis that, if one pair of species overcomes the strong mutualism threshold, no other species below the threshold ca ...
... possible cases, it can be shown that in this case there is no possible fixed point where the species below the strong mutualism threshold have positive biomass. It follows from this analysis that, if one pair of species overcomes the strong mutualism threshold, no other species below the threshold ca ...
Environmental variability and population dynamics: do European
... of shore vegetation and water level) show little short- or long-term ...
... of shore vegetation and water level) show little short- or long-term ...
Species interactions on the biome transition zone in
... Mexico and the University of New Mexico’s Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program are dealing with such variables to determine the effects of wildfire and herbivory on plant and animal community dynamics. The SNWR is a special place for conducting this research because it is located in a biome ...
... Mexico and the University of New Mexico’s Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Program are dealing with such variables to determine the effects of wildfire and herbivory on plant and animal community dynamics. The SNWR is a special place for conducting this research because it is located in a biome ...
PHILOSOPHY, HISTORY
... test (Brady 1979), because different mechanisms can generate similar ecological patterns. As before, the null model may also be rejected improperly if it is flawed. In particular, if the model is "too null" and does not incorporate realistic biological constraints, it may generate predictions that a ...
... test (Brady 1979), because different mechanisms can generate similar ecological patterns. As before, the null model may also be rejected improperly if it is flawed. In particular, if the model is "too null" and does not incorporate realistic biological constraints, it may generate predictions that a ...
Why biodiversity is important to oceanography: potential roles of
... such as primary and higher-level production, carbon and nutrient cycling and sequestration, and trophic transfer, as well as the stability of these processes over time and in the face of environmental change. Previous research linking biodiversity to ecosystem functioning has focused primarily on sp ...
... such as primary and higher-level production, carbon and nutrient cycling and sequestration, and trophic transfer, as well as the stability of these processes over time and in the face of environmental change. Previous research linking biodiversity to ecosystem functioning has focused primarily on sp ...
The Marine Outcomes Monitoring framework
... focused on only a suite of commercially important species, the catch methods are now very non selective. By-catch incidences are now very common and presently fall through the cracks and inadequacies of many fishery management tools. As a result the disappearance of large, conspicuous individuals co ...
... focused on only a suite of commercially important species, the catch methods are now very non selective. By-catch incidences are now very common and presently fall through the cracks and inadequacies of many fishery management tools. As a result the disappearance of large, conspicuous individuals co ...
Desert rodent populations: factors affecting
... Abstract.— Literature concerning North American nocturnal desert rodents is reviewed to delimit current knowledge of the importance of various factors to abundance, distribution, and genetic structure. In addition, strategies for further study are suggested. Abundance: That increased rodent abundanc ...
... Abstract.— Literature concerning North American nocturnal desert rodents is reviewed to delimit current knowledge of the importance of various factors to abundance, distribution, and genetic structure. In addition, strategies for further study are suggested. Abundance: That increased rodent abundanc ...
Environmental responses, not species interactions, determine
... interspecific interactions is to remove them one-by-one, and in combination. If synchrony changes more when we remove environmental stochasticity than when we remove interspecific interactions, we would conclude that environmental fluctuations are the more important driver. In principle, this coul ...
... interspecific interactions is to remove them one-by-one, and in combination. If synchrony changes more when we remove environmental stochasticity than when we remove interspecific interactions, we would conclude that environmental fluctuations are the more important driver. In principle, this coul ...
Document
... 7 were larger in mixed than in single species populations. Our data provide no support for 8 reproductive interference as a mechanism of competitive displacement and instead suggest 9 competitive exclusion of A. pallipes from refuges by P. leniusculus leading to differential 10 predation. We screene ...
... 7 were larger in mixed than in single species populations. Our data provide no support for 8 reproductive interference as a mechanism of competitive displacement and instead suggest 9 competitive exclusion of A. pallipes from refuges by P. leniusculus leading to differential 10 predation. We screene ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.