![Hominid-Carnivore Coevolution and Invasion](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/007762583_1-a5f2686d9a26f998ed9eb32429db2aa0-300x300.png)
Hominid-Carnivore Coevolution and Invasion
... Coevolution is defined as reciprocal selective pressures that operate to make the evolution of one taxon partially dependent on the evolution another. This process often involves multiple species exploiting shared limiting resources. In classic coevolutionary models, populations of sympatric species ...
... Coevolution is defined as reciprocal selective pressures that operate to make the evolution of one taxon partially dependent on the evolution another. This process often involves multiple species exploiting shared limiting resources. In classic coevolutionary models, populations of sympatric species ...
Exemplar for Internal Achievement Standard Biology Level 2
... is related to the environmental factor of tidal movement (2). How this environmental factor might affect two chosen species within the community is explained (3). Some reasons for adaptations relating to the pattern (4) and an interrelationship between wedge shells and cockles are explained in some ...
... is related to the environmental factor of tidal movement (2). How this environmental factor might affect two chosen species within the community is explained (3). Some reasons for adaptations relating to the pattern (4) and an interrelationship between wedge shells and cockles are explained in some ...
Here - American Society of Mammalogists
... Welcome to the 96th annual meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists! This is one of our best-attended meetings in 25 years, so the next few days promise to be exciting, busy, and fun. For new members, this will be a wonderful opportunity to meet fellow mammal enthusiasts and to share in the l ...
... Welcome to the 96th annual meeting of the American Society of Mammalogists! This is one of our best-attended meetings in 25 years, so the next few days promise to be exciting, busy, and fun. For new members, this will be a wonderful opportunity to meet fellow mammal enthusiasts and to share in the l ...
Environmental filtering of crustacean zooplankton
... (Young and Riessen, 2005). Probably, small body size is actually a competitive advantage under such conditions by reducing the encounter frequency with Chaoborus predators (Riessen and Young, 2005). It is also feasible that other anti-predator strategies, such as morphological and behavioral adaptat ...
... (Young and Riessen, 2005). Probably, small body size is actually a competitive advantage under such conditions by reducing the encounter frequency with Chaoborus predators (Riessen and Young, 2005). It is also feasible that other anti-predator strategies, such as morphological and behavioral adaptat ...
asymmetrical pollen success in ipomopsis
... et al., 2002) pollen at siring seeds might be reduced in the presence of conspecific pollen. This relatively poor performance of heterospecific pollen in competition with conspecific pollen is known as conspecific pollen advantage. Seeds from the same fruit often have different sires in natural popu ...
... et al., 2002) pollen at siring seeds might be reduced in the presence of conspecific pollen. This relatively poor performance of heterospecific pollen in competition with conspecific pollen is known as conspecific pollen advantage. Seeds from the same fruit often have different sires in natural popu ...
Background - Sacramento - California State University
... diversity can be predominately driven by patterns of colonization and extinction (Loreau and Mouquet 1999; Mouquet and Loreau 2002; Chase 2005). These patterns may act through dispersal limitation and are important for generating differences in species diversity and composition among sites (Cornell ...
... diversity can be predominately driven by patterns of colonization and extinction (Loreau and Mouquet 1999; Mouquet and Loreau 2002; Chase 2005). These patterns may act through dispersal limitation and are important for generating differences in species diversity and composition among sites (Cornell ...
CHAPTER III: Native and nonnative phylogenetically paired plant
... “exotic,” or “nonnative” species. A subset of these nonnative species will not only persist in the new environment but rapidly expand in population density and range, many times great distances from the parental population, to become what ecologists have termed “invasive species” (Richardson et al. ...
... “exotic,” or “nonnative” species. A subset of these nonnative species will not only persist in the new environment but rapidly expand in population density and range, many times great distances from the parental population, to become what ecologists have termed “invasive species” (Richardson et al. ...
Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics
... of plant-associated microbes is small, their effects on ecosystems may be large through their influence on plant functional traits. Figure 1 shows the genera of endophytic bacteria commonly isolated from plants. The model symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia has been studied since the 1880s, and th ...
... of plant-associated microbes is small, their effects on ecosystems may be large through their influence on plant functional traits. Figure 1 shows the genera of endophytic bacteria commonly isolated from plants. The model symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia has been studied since the 1880s, and th ...
ecosystem adaptation: do ecosystems maximize
... N/m2) and a high-nutrient state (N0 5 3000 mg N/m2). The model has three finite steady states, although only one finite steady state is physically feasible (Table 1). The unstable steady state at (A, H, N ) 5 (0, 0, 0) is ignored as a trivial solution, and the steady state specified by the other roo ...
... N/m2) and a high-nutrient state (N0 5 3000 mg N/m2). The model has three finite steady states, although only one finite steady state is physically feasible (Table 1). The unstable steady state at (A, H, N ) 5 (0, 0, 0) is ignored as a trivial solution, and the steady state specified by the other roo ...
Microbial Experimental Systems in Ecology
... possible by change of environment, in minute life‐forms, whose life‐cycle was relatively soon completed, to superinduce changes of an adaptive character, if the observations extended over a suYciently long period’’ (Dallinger, 1887). Dallinger addressed this question using populations of protists as ...
... possible by change of environment, in minute life‐forms, whose life‐cycle was relatively soon completed, to superinduce changes of an adaptive character, if the observations extended over a suYciently long period’’ (Dallinger, 1887). Dallinger addressed this question using populations of protists as ...
(2001) Global Strategy on Invasive Alien Species.
... exacerbated by global change and chemical and physical disturbance to species and ecosystems. Continuing globalisation, with increasing trade, travel, and transport of goods across borders, has brought tremendous benefits to many people. It has, however, also facilitated the spread of IAS with incre ...
... exacerbated by global change and chemical and physical disturbance to species and ecosystems. Continuing globalisation, with increasing trade, travel, and transport of goods across borders, has brought tremendous benefits to many people. It has, however, also facilitated the spread of IAS with incre ...
Bacterial colonization and extinction on marine aggregates
... and physical processes such as the sinking rate of particles with a contribution from bacterial swimming (Kiørboe et al. 2002; Grossart et al. 2003b). Colonization therefore depends on aggregate size and background bacterial density. This deterministic model has been found to describe well the abund ...
... and physical processes such as the sinking rate of particles with a contribution from bacterial swimming (Kiørboe et al. 2002; Grossart et al. 2003b). Colonization therefore depends on aggregate size and background bacterial density. This deterministic model has been found to describe well the abund ...
Microscale Insight into Microbial Seed Banks
... Microbial dormancy leads to the emergence of seed banks in environmental, engineered, and host-associated ecosystems. These seed banks act as reservoirs of diversity that allow microbes to persist under adverse conditions, including extreme limitation of resources. While microbial seed banks may be ...
... Microbial dormancy leads to the emergence of seed banks in environmental, engineered, and host-associated ecosystems. These seed banks act as reservoirs of diversity that allow microbes to persist under adverse conditions, including extreme limitation of resources. While microbial seed banks may be ...
PDF
... There are many ways plants make a living, or many ecological ‘strategies’, and the study of plant traits—and their variation among species—is a key way of gaining insight into these [1– 3]. Some strategies tend to be related to wood density (g cm-3; [4]), but plausibly there are also strategies rela ...
... There are many ways plants make a living, or many ecological ‘strategies’, and the study of plant traits—and their variation among species—is a key way of gaining insight into these [1– 3]. Some strategies tend to be related to wood density (g cm-3; [4]), but plausibly there are also strategies rela ...
1 Title: Isolation and characterization of polymorphic
... species with variable degree, ranging from 49% to as less as 24% when species belong to different genera from the one of the source species (Augustinos et al. 2008). In this work, the authors reported a locus size mean difference of less than 50 bp, estimated by agarose gel electrophoresis, between ...
... species with variable degree, ranging from 49% to as less as 24% when species belong to different genera from the one of the source species (Augustinos et al. 2008). In this work, the authors reported a locus size mean difference of less than 50 bp, estimated by agarose gel electrophoresis, between ...
white rock wind farm pty limited
... The proposed powerline has been planned and routed in the most environmentally sensitive manner possible to minimising impacts on the most vegetated areas of vegetation communities and fauna habitat values of the study area. It is concluded that the proposed installation of the 132kV powerline, ease ...
... The proposed powerline has been planned and routed in the most environmentally sensitive manner possible to minimising impacts on the most vegetated areas of vegetation communities and fauna habitat values of the study area. It is concluded that the proposed installation of the 132kV powerline, ease ...
- HVP Plantations
... HVP Stewardship staff are excited that the ongoing commitment to re-establishing the Concave Pomaderris Pomaderris sublicata population in Carboor - one of only five sites where the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (1999) and Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee a ...
... HVP Stewardship staff are excited that the ongoing commitment to re-establishing the Concave Pomaderris Pomaderris sublicata population in Carboor - one of only five sites where the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act (1999) and Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee a ...
PART 1 - Environment, Planning and Sustainable Development
... which grazing/mowing will kill plants of native grass species, especially when drought occurs during or after mowing/grazing. In a biodiversity study, part conducted in urban Canberra, Sharp (1997) found the abundance and species richness of invertebrate animals to be highest in natural temperate gr ...
... which grazing/mowing will kill plants of native grass species, especially when drought occurs during or after mowing/grazing. In a biodiversity study, part conducted in urban Canberra, Sharp (1997) found the abundance and species richness of invertebrate animals to be highest in natural temperate gr ...
Free sample of
... DIF: Moderate TOP: Science Focus: How Do Species Replace One Another in Ecological Succession? 39. If the resilience of a damaged area is low enough, the degraded area may not be restored by secondary succession. When this happens, the damaged area has reached a. stability ...
... DIF: Moderate TOP: Science Focus: How Do Species Replace One Another in Ecological Succession? 39. If the resilience of a damaged area is low enough, the degraded area may not be restored by secondary succession. When this happens, the damaged area has reached a. stability ...
Upland and Wetland Prairies in the Midwest and West Coast
... natives and help to insure the long term success of prairie restorations (Davis 2001). Reducing non-native species is imperative because they may change fire regimes by altering fuels (Parker and Reichard 1998) and alter soil structure and ecosystem processes such as nitrogen and carbon cycling (Jas ...
... natives and help to insure the long term success of prairie restorations (Davis 2001). Reducing non-native species is imperative because they may change fire regimes by altering fuels (Parker and Reichard 1998) and alter soil structure and ecosystem processes such as nitrogen and carbon cycling (Jas ...
Plant Succession Following Nuèes Ardentes of Mt. Merapi Volcano
... insightful discussions, her kind support, encouragement and friendship, Professor Franck Lavigne, from the Universite´ Blaise Pascal, France, for his kind discussion by correspondence on Mt. Merapi with his surprisingly fluent “Bahasa” and “Javanese” languages, and Professor Bruce Clarkson from the ...
... insightful discussions, her kind support, encouragement and friendship, Professor Franck Lavigne, from the Universite´ Blaise Pascal, France, for his kind discussion by correspondence on Mt. Merapi with his surprisingly fluent “Bahasa” and “Javanese” languages, and Professor Bruce Clarkson from the ...
The relative dominance hypothesis explains interaction dynamics in mixed species /
... available to dominant individuals may also be affected by neighbourhood competition, only weak relationships have been observed in several studies between measures of neighbourhood competition and the growth of larger individuals (Cannell et al. 1984) or taller species (Kubota & Hara 1995; McLellan ...
... available to dominant individuals may also be affected by neighbourhood competition, only weak relationships have been observed in several studies between measures of neighbourhood competition and the growth of larger individuals (Cannell et al. 1984) or taller species (Kubota & Hara 1995; McLellan ...
Local adaptation to climate change in a calcareous grassland system
... soil depth gradient may also be part of the mechanism maintaining species stability in experimental treatments at BCCIL (Fridley et al., 2011). Genetic restructuring has been hypothesized as one potential mechanism in the apparent resistance of this grassland community to long-term climate manipulat ...
... soil depth gradient may also be part of the mechanism maintaining species stability in experimental treatments at BCCIL (Fridley et al., 2011). Genetic restructuring has been hypothesized as one potential mechanism in the apparent resistance of this grassland community to long-term climate manipulat ...
Predation and protection in the macroevolutionary history of conifer
... means by which cones are sealed [48], and morphological adaptation to fire is not detectable in all fire-adapted species [49]. Regardless of whether the changes in conifer seed cone tissue allocation were primarily caused by biotic or abiotic factors, they suggest a fundamental shift in the kinds of ...
... means by which cones are sealed [48], and morphological adaptation to fire is not detectable in all fire-adapted species [49]. Regardless of whether the changes in conifer seed cone tissue allocation were primarily caused by biotic or abiotic factors, they suggest a fundamental shift in the kinds of ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.