BOGS
... different color growth form than in open areas of the mat. 5. Lagg. Between the tree zone and the upland soil there is often a moat of open water where little vegetation is established. Sphagnum is less abundant and usually absent from the moat. Sphagnum is intolerant of high pH water that runs off ...
... different color growth form than in open areas of the mat. 5. Lagg. Between the tree zone and the upland soil there is often a moat of open water where little vegetation is established. Sphagnum is less abundant and usually absent from the moat. Sphagnum is intolerant of high pH water that runs off ...
Disturbance, Scale, and Boundary in Wilderness
... change resources, substrate availability or the physical environment (White and Harrod 1997; White and Pickett 1985; White and others 1999). A subset of this definition is that proposed by Grime (1979): disturbance as the destruction of biomass. Although these definitions are absolute (as opposed to ...
... change resources, substrate availability or the physical environment (White and Harrod 1997; White and Pickett 1985; White and others 1999). A subset of this definition is that proposed by Grime (1979): disturbance as the destruction of biomass. Although these definitions are absolute (as opposed to ...
Esquimalt Lagoon -Terrestrial Ecology 2013
... A major factor currently threatening the Esquimalt Lagoon dune’s existence is decreasing amounts of the sediment coming from the Colwood gravel pit that was shutdown in 2007. Without new sediment being supplied to the coast, the dunes are unable to continually form their traditional structure. This ...
... A major factor currently threatening the Esquimalt Lagoon dune’s existence is decreasing amounts of the sediment coming from the Colwood gravel pit that was shutdown in 2007. Without new sediment being supplied to the coast, the dunes are unable to continually form their traditional structure. This ...
What can be learnt from a snail?
... main hypotheses would explain this pattern. Firstly, different ecotypes may be of separate origin and may have evolved differently under an earlier period of allopatry, perhaps isolated in separate refugia during a glaciation period. Thereafter, they spread into secondary overlap under which they st ...
... main hypotheses would explain this pattern. Firstly, different ecotypes may be of separate origin and may have evolved differently under an earlier period of allopatry, perhaps isolated in separate refugia during a glaciation period. Thereafter, they spread into secondary overlap under which they st ...
Ecological Restoration Treatments Increase Butterfly Richness and
... patchiness, and seasonality have been shown to determine arthropod community structure (Whelan 1995; Reed 1997; Andersen & Muller 2000; Wikars & Schimmel 2001). This study examined the changes in butterfly species richness and abundance to ponderosa pine restoration treatments. Adult butterflies are ...
... patchiness, and seasonality have been shown to determine arthropod community structure (Whelan 1995; Reed 1997; Andersen & Muller 2000; Wikars & Schimmel 2001). This study examined the changes in butterfly species richness and abundance to ponderosa pine restoration treatments. Adult butterflies are ...
Using the functional response of a consumer to predict biotic L
... paragraph we outline a framework for the relationship between these four factors and biotic resistance. We illustrate this graphically with a simple model (Fig. 1) that shows the relationships between nonnative prey population growth and predation based on functional feeding responses described by H ...
... paragraph we outline a framework for the relationship between these four factors and biotic resistance. We illustrate this graphically with a simple model (Fig. 1) that shows the relationships between nonnative prey population growth and predation based on functional feeding responses described by H ...
River restoration: the fuzzy logic of repairing reaches to reverse
... approaches, natural channel design, focuses exclusively on matching the pattern, profile, and dimension of stream channels to pre-degradation or reference conditions (Rosgen 1994, Lave 2009). There are a few types of restoration activities that are explicitly designed to restore river processes. Most ...
... approaches, natural channel design, focuses exclusively on matching the pattern, profile, and dimension of stream channels to pre-degradation or reference conditions (Rosgen 1994, Lave 2009). There are a few types of restoration activities that are explicitly designed to restore river processes. Most ...
A GENERAL HYPOTHESIS OF SPECIES DIVERSITY Many
... capacity, but this relationship is not essential for the model. 3. Changes in certain environmental variables will affect all competing populations in basically the same way; that is, the population growth rates of all may be increased or decreased by changes in such factors as energy or nutrient av ...
... capacity, but this relationship is not essential for the model. 3. Changes in certain environmental variables will affect all competing populations in basically the same way; that is, the population growth rates of all may be increased or decreased by changes in such factors as energy or nutrient av ...
COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Eastern Mountain
... no obvious means of long-distance dispersal. Seed longevity in the soil is not documented but is probably limited to a few years based on other Geum species. Seeds are easily germinated in cultivation following cold treatment. Vegetative reproduction occurs by stout rhizomes that produce new rosette ...
... no obvious means of long-distance dispersal. Seed longevity in the soil is not documented but is probably limited to a few years based on other Geum species. Seeds are easily germinated in cultivation following cold treatment. Vegetative reproduction occurs by stout rhizomes that produce new rosette ...
Investigation of sympatric speciation as the outcome of competition
... comparison between simulations with only one food resource and simulations with two available food resources revealed that complete reproductive isolation caused by disruptive selective pressure exerted by adaptation to different resources plays a curial role in the emergence of sympatric species. M ...
... comparison between simulations with only one food resource and simulations with two available food resources revealed that complete reproductive isolation caused by disruptive selective pressure exerted by adaptation to different resources plays a curial role in the emergence of sympatric species. M ...
African Carrion Ecosystems and Their Insect Communities in
... marine and freshwater carrion communities. The vertebrates and crustaceans are opportunistic scavengers with life cycles that are much longer than the transient existence of most carrion. For this reason, when estimating a PMI, they may be excluded from the definition of a carrion community and view ...
... marine and freshwater carrion communities. The vertebrates and crustaceans are opportunistic scavengers with life cycles that are much longer than the transient existence of most carrion. For this reason, when estimating a PMI, they may be excluded from the definition of a carrion community and view ...
Lake Pinaroo Ramsar site - Office of Environment and Heritage
... many species of plants and animals in the immediate and surrounding areas. Twelve species of threatened fauna have been recorded at Lake Pinaroo. This site is also important for migratory shorebirds, which are protected under international conventions and bird agreements. Lake Pinaroo acts as an imp ...
... many species of plants and animals in the immediate and surrounding areas. Twelve species of threatened fauna have been recorded at Lake Pinaroo. This site is also important for migratory shorebirds, which are protected under international conventions and bird agreements. Lake Pinaroo acts as an imp ...
Biodiversity and the functioning of seagrass ecosystems
... groups, habitats within a landscape — enhances productivity, resource use, and stability of seagrass ecosystems. Several themes emerge from a review of the mostly indirect evidence and the few experiments that explicitly manipulated diversity in seagrass systems. First, because many seagrass communi ...
... groups, habitats within a landscape — enhances productivity, resource use, and stability of seagrass ecosystems. Several themes emerge from a review of the mostly indirect evidence and the few experiments that explicitly manipulated diversity in seagrass systems. First, because many seagrass communi ...
Ecological Effects of Invasive Arthropod Generalist Predators
... some theories of trophic control envision distinct trophic levels, arthropod generalist predators (AGP) can blur these distinctions. Many AGP feed not only upon herbivores, but also upon other predators and detritivores; many AGP feed also on plants and/or detritus, and in turn are fed upon by large ...
... some theories of trophic control envision distinct trophic levels, arthropod generalist predators (AGP) can blur these distinctions. Many AGP feed not only upon herbivores, but also upon other predators and detritivores; many AGP feed also on plants and/or detritus, and in turn are fed upon by large ...
Plant-animal interactions in rainforest
... tropical Australian rainforests - is also an important and wide-ranging seed-disperser. Its local extinction would greatly reduce the dispersal of many large-seeded rainforest plants. However, the cassowary and other fruit-eating birds are also responsible for the spread of many fleshy-fruited weeds ...
... tropical Australian rainforests - is also an important and wide-ranging seed-disperser. Its local extinction would greatly reduce the dispersal of many large-seeded rainforest plants. However, the cassowary and other fruit-eating birds are also responsible for the spread of many fleshy-fruited weeds ...
Ecosystem Ecology, ESPM 111
... heterotrophs, herbivores, and higher trophic levels – Ecosystems sustain themselves by cycling of material between the atmosphere, biosphere and pedosphere – Complex Behavior occurs due to the multiple and nonlinear feedbacks between fast and slow processes and big and small pools – ‘Physics Wins, B ...
... heterotrophs, herbivores, and higher trophic levels – Ecosystems sustain themselves by cycling of material between the atmosphere, biosphere and pedosphere – Complex Behavior occurs due to the multiple and nonlinear feedbacks between fast and slow processes and big and small pools – ‘Physics Wins, B ...
Waterfalls drive parallel evolution in a freshwater goby
... Waterfalls may affect fish distribution and genetic structure within drainage networks even to the extent of leading evolutionary events. Here, parallel evolution was studied by focusing on waterfall and the landlocked freshwater goby Rhinogobius sp. YB (YB), which evolved from amphidromous R. brunn ...
... Waterfalls may affect fish distribution and genetic structure within drainage networks even to the extent of leading evolutionary events. Here, parallel evolution was studied by focusing on waterfall and the landlocked freshwater goby Rhinogobius sp. YB (YB), which evolved from amphidromous R. brunn ...
The biogeography of marine plankton traits
... the ecological and biogeochemical ramifications of these changes is an ongoing challenge (for review of climate impacts on marine ecosystems, see Doney et al. 2012). We summarise here several pattern changes that are likely to impact marine plankton communities, and revisit these pattern shifts in o ...
... the ecological and biogeochemical ramifications of these changes is an ongoing challenge (for review of climate impacts on marine ecosystems, see Doney et al. 2012). We summarise here several pattern changes that are likely to impact marine plankton communities, and revisit these pattern shifts in o ...
Biodiversity in the Cacao Agroecosystem
... canopy trees that hang in understory shrubs and vines. If one collects arthropods from these leaves, the collection reveals a community of arthropods that live only, or primarily in this microhabitat as well. Many other arthropods – particularly Orthopterans – rely upon these leaves as diurnal hidin ...
... canopy trees that hang in understory shrubs and vines. If one collects arthropods from these leaves, the collection reveals a community of arthropods that live only, or primarily in this microhabitat as well. Many other arthropods – particularly Orthopterans – rely upon these leaves as diurnal hidin ...
Evaluating MPA effectiveness
... There is a growing body of research that demonstrates that MPA’s have an effect on resident assemblages of organisms (e.g., Edgar and Barrett 1997, 1999, Babcock et al. 1999, Garcia Charton et al. 2000, Planes et al. 2000, Jamieson and Levings 2001). However fewer authors have ventured appraisals of ...
... There is a growing body of research that demonstrates that MPA’s have an effect on resident assemblages of organisms (e.g., Edgar and Barrett 1997, 1999, Babcock et al. 1999, Garcia Charton et al. 2000, Planes et al. 2000, Jamieson and Levings 2001). However fewer authors have ventured appraisals of ...
Complete list of Research Projects, and abstracts
... Population genetics and the paleobotanical record indicate a surprising stability to the ranges of most California oaks dating to at least the last interglacial period (~120kya) and possibly to the Pliocene (5-3mya). This long-term range stability would have included dramatic variations in the local ...
... Population genetics and the paleobotanical record indicate a surprising stability to the ranges of most California oaks dating to at least the last interglacial period (~120kya) and possibly to the Pliocene (5-3mya). This long-term range stability would have included dramatic variations in the local ...
The ecological effects of providing resource subsidies to predators
... within a food web are controlled primarily by dominant predators or top-down forces. However, bottom-up factors, such as food availability and habitat structure, can also influence predator interactions (Ritchie & Johnson, 2009). For example, resource abundance can temporarily allow prey populations ...
... within a food web are controlled primarily by dominant predators or top-down forces. However, bottom-up factors, such as food availability and habitat structure, can also influence predator interactions (Ritchie & Johnson, 2009). For example, resource abundance can temporarily allow prey populations ...
Land-use history - India Environment Portal
... the Argentine pampas found higher densities of pest grasshoppers in disturbed sites dominated by introduced forbs and pasture grasses compared to adjacent natural areas dominated by native vegetation (Torrusio, Cigliano & De Wysiecki 2002). Although these recent studies demonstrate clear contingenci ...
... the Argentine pampas found higher densities of pest grasshoppers in disturbed sites dominated by introduced forbs and pasture grasses compared to adjacent natural areas dominated by native vegetation (Torrusio, Cigliano & De Wysiecki 2002). Although these recent studies demonstrate clear contingenci ...
Arthropod community diversity and trophic structure
... preference and performance of many insect species. Global climate-change scenarios suggest that some regions such as continental interiors may become increasingly subject to severe drought. In combination, these two issues suggest that drought-driven plant stress may impact insect communities on a l ...
... preference and performance of many insect species. Global climate-change scenarios suggest that some regions such as continental interiors may become increasingly subject to severe drought. In combination, these two issues suggest that drought-driven plant stress may impact insect communities on a l ...
Theoretical and empirical studies on population dynamics, species
... The first studies of population dynamics are at least as old as the findings of Fibonacci in the XIII century for the increase of rabbit populations (Sigler 2002). The field evolved since then until the 1920’s, when Alfred Lotka and Vito Volterra proposed independently a pair of first order nonlinea ...
... The first studies of population dynamics are at least as old as the findings of Fibonacci in the XIII century for the increase of rabbit populations (Sigler 2002). The field evolved since then until the 1920’s, when Alfred Lotka and Vito Volterra proposed independently a pair of first order nonlinea ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.