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Life in the Aftermath of Mass Extinctions
... abundant metazoans fully colonized the soft sediments of the seafloor [55]. These features, and other anachronistic structures [56], are important because they imply that certain ecological strategies were so rare (or even absent) that they no longer had a readily observable effect on ecosystems. Ev ...
... abundant metazoans fully colonized the soft sediments of the seafloor [55]. These features, and other anachronistic structures [56], are important because they imply that certain ecological strategies were so rare (or even absent) that they no longer had a readily observable effect on ecosystems. Ev ...
Shift happens! Shifting balance and the evolution of diversity
... explained by stochastic peak shift (Barton & Rouhani, 1987). The shifting balance has, however, been criticised as being a verbal model lacking rigour, and indeed Sewall Wright himself argued that his theory of evolution explained just about everything from evolutionary progress within species, spec ...
... explained by stochastic peak shift (Barton & Rouhani, 1987). The shifting balance has, however, been criticised as being a verbal model lacking rigour, and indeed Sewall Wright himself argued that his theory of evolution explained just about everything from evolutionary progress within species, spec ...
Lesson Overview
... For example, as lichens add organic matter and form soil, mosses and other plants can colonize and grow. As organic matter continues to accumulate, other species move in and change the environment further. ...
... For example, as lichens add organic matter and form soil, mosses and other plants can colonize and grow. As organic matter continues to accumulate, other species move in and change the environment further. ...
andrés meynard pontificia universidad católica de
... population size (Ne) reconstructions of each of these four clusters (indicated by arrows) using the Beast software program.. .................................................................................................94 Figure 6. Phylogeographic scenarios for S. scurra clusters simulated in DYA ...
... population size (Ne) reconstructions of each of these four clusters (indicated by arrows) using the Beast software program.. .................................................................................................94 Figure 6. Phylogeographic scenarios for S. scurra clusters simulated in DYA ...
can intraspecific competition drive disruptive selection?
... speciation (Rosenzweig 1978; Dieckmann and Doebeli 1999; Doebeli and Dieckmann 2000). Despite its significant theoretical utility, there is little empirical support for the idea that intraspecific competition generates disruptive selection. Indeed one major proponent has recently written that ‘‘at p ...
... speciation (Rosenzweig 1978; Dieckmann and Doebeli 1999; Doebeli and Dieckmann 2000). Despite its significant theoretical utility, there is little empirical support for the idea that intraspecific competition generates disruptive selection. Indeed one major proponent has recently written that ‘‘at p ...
Virus Specificity in Disease Systems: Are Species Redundant?
... with respect to their vector relations than insect-transmitted viruses, since each of the 25 viruses in the VIDE database is transmitted by a single species of fungus; but only 12% of these viruses are host specialists (see fig. 17.4b). Mite-transmitted viruses show a similar pattern (fig. 17.4c): t ...
... with respect to their vector relations than insect-transmitted viruses, since each of the 25 viruses in the VIDE database is transmitted by a single species of fungus; but only 12% of these viruses are host specialists (see fig. 17.4b). Mite-transmitted viruses show a similar pattern (fig. 17.4c): t ...
Understanding Mutualism When There is Adaptation to the Partner
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
Synchronous dynamics of zooplankton competitors prevail in
... communities [1,2] and of the processes structuring community composition [3–5]. Synchrony and its alternative pattern, compensation (or compensatory dynamics), are mutually exclusive phenomenological features of community dynamics that can arise from many underlying mechanisms [6,7]. Compensation ma ...
... communities [1,2] and of the processes structuring community composition [3–5]. Synchrony and its alternative pattern, compensation (or compensatory dynamics), are mutually exclusive phenomenological features of community dynamics that can arise from many underlying mechanisms [6,7]. Compensation ma ...
Herrera.2014.FEMS.Microbiol.Ecol
... strains found naturally in a given nectar host tended to grow better there than strains that had been found naturally in other nectar hosts. This experiment was conducted using exclusively nectar from H. foetidus as the growth medium, as available nectar for the remaining seven species included in E ...
... strains found naturally in a given nectar host tended to grow better there than strains that had been found naturally in other nectar hosts. This experiment was conducted using exclusively nectar from H. foetidus as the growth medium, as available nectar for the remaining seven species included in E ...
The macroecology of Southeast-Asian
... Two consequences of the `macroecological' research agenda have strong impacts an its methodologies and interpretations: 1) Large-scaled investigation can usually not be experimental because of the ecosystem-wide extent of most investigated patterns. In some cases it might be possible to use smaller- ...
... Two consequences of the `macroecological' research agenda have strong impacts an its methodologies and interpretations: 1) Large-scaled investigation can usually not be experimental because of the ecosystem-wide extent of most investigated patterns. In some cases it might be possible to use smaller- ...
Ch. 4 Species Interaction & Community Ecology
... • Commensalism: a relationship in which one organism benefits, while the other remains unaffected Whale and Barnacles • Amensalism = a relationship in which one organism is harmed while the other is unaffected - Difficult to confirm, because usually one organism benefits from harming another - Allel ...
... • Commensalism: a relationship in which one organism benefits, while the other remains unaffected Whale and Barnacles • Amensalism = a relationship in which one organism is harmed while the other is unaffected - Difficult to confirm, because usually one organism benefits from harming another - Allel ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... Foraging mode is a functional trait with cascading impacts on ecological communities. The foraging syndrome hypothesis posits a suite of concurrent traits that vary with foraging mode; however, comparative studies testing this hypothesis are typically interspecific. While foraging modes are often co ...
... Foraging mode is a functional trait with cascading impacts on ecological communities. The foraging syndrome hypothesis posits a suite of concurrent traits that vary with foraging mode; however, comparative studies testing this hypothesis are typically interspecific. While foraging modes are often co ...
tive structures) or than characters whose pattern is impressed on
... individual characteristics of a genotype are changed by different environments is a measure of the plasticity of these characters. Plasticity is therefore shown by a genotype when its expression is able to be altered by environmental influences. The change that occurs can be termed the response. Si ...
... individual characteristics of a genotype are changed by different environments is a measure of the plasticity of these characters. Plasticity is therefore shown by a genotype when its expression is able to be altered by environmental influences. The change that occurs can be termed the response. Si ...
Open Access
... scales (Wilson et al. 2012). Particularly in the Nordic countries, semi-natural grasslands are highly significant for the overall biodiversity in agricultural landscapes (Cousins and Lindborg 2008). Biodiversity represents the variation of all life forms at all levels of biological organisation, ran ...
... scales (Wilson et al. 2012). Particularly in the Nordic countries, semi-natural grasslands are highly significant for the overall biodiversity in agricultural landscapes (Cousins and Lindborg 2008). Biodiversity represents the variation of all life forms at all levels of biological organisation, ran ...
Plastic responses in juvenile wood frog (Rana sylvatica)
... DiscussionCorrelations between the morphological phenotypes of tadpoles and predator density failed to uphold the original hypothesis. Predator densities did not significantly increase juvenile limb length or decrease body width. Previous laboratory experiments (Relyea 2002a) have found relationship ...
... DiscussionCorrelations between the morphological phenotypes of tadpoles and predator density failed to uphold the original hypothesis. Predator densities did not significantly increase juvenile limb length or decrease body width. Previous laboratory experiments (Relyea 2002a) have found relationship ...
Gelatinous plankton: irregularities rule the world (sometimes)
... ABSTRACT: In spite of being one of the most relevant components of the biosphere, the plankton-benthos network is still poorly studied as such. This is partly due to the irregular occurrence of driving phenomena such as gelatinous plankton pulses in this realm. Gelatinous plankters rely on their lif ...
... ABSTRACT: In spite of being one of the most relevant components of the biosphere, the plankton-benthos network is still poorly studied as such. This is partly due to the irregular occurrence of driving phenomena such as gelatinous plankton pulses in this realm. Gelatinous plankters rely on their lif ...
The relative contributions of recombination and point mutation to the
... alleles expected within a bacterial species. However, MLST databases containing a few hundred isolates will identify most of the alleles that are present at a significant frequency in the population. Undoubtedly, there are many more alleles present at very low frequencies, but the fact that these ar ...
... alleles expected within a bacterial species. However, MLST databases containing a few hundred isolates will identify most of the alleles that are present at a significant frequency in the population. Undoubtedly, there are many more alleles present at very low frequencies, but the fact that these ar ...
Inter- and intraspecific parasitism interactions
... Directly transmitted microparasites: determinants of Rp ...
... Directly transmitted microparasites: determinants of Rp ...
The interaction between habitat conditions, ecosystem
... function has been central to community ecology for many decades. Mathematical models have produced inconclusive results showing that more diverse ecosystems can be either more or less stable than simpler ecosystems, depending on the ecosystem under investigation. The relationship between habitat com ...
... function has been central to community ecology for many decades. Mathematical models have produced inconclusive results showing that more diverse ecosystems can be either more or less stable than simpler ecosystems, depending on the ecosystem under investigation. The relationship between habitat com ...
Climate Change and Alpine Vegetation Shifts on Mountaintop
... low temperatures. Within the framework of the international observation network Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA), medium-term changes in species diversity and composition of vascular plants, lichens and bryophytes were investigated on four study summits in the N ...
... low temperatures. Within the framework of the international observation network Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA), medium-term changes in species diversity and composition of vascular plants, lichens and bryophytes were investigated on four study summits in the N ...
Herbivory from Individuals to Ecosystems
... herbivores and therefore reduce the degree to which herbivores limit plants. The HSS paper was important on two grounds. First, it placed herbivory in a multitrophic ecosystem context and thereby formally recognized that herbivores not only consume their own resources but they are in turn resources ...
... herbivores and therefore reduce the degree to which herbivores limit plants. The HSS paper was important on two grounds. First, it placed herbivory in a multitrophic ecosystem context and thereby formally recognized that herbivores not only consume their own resources but they are in turn resources ...
The rapid spread of rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) with
... 2000b), and many species have shown high rates of spread and integration into streams, rivers and lakes. In fact, competition, predation and hybridization with crayfish invaders have been identified as a primary threat for the majority (>50%) of declining North American crayfishes (Lodge et al. 2000a; ...
... 2000b), and many species have shown high rates of spread and integration into streams, rivers and lakes. In fact, competition, predation and hybridization with crayfish invaders have been identified as a primary threat for the majority (>50%) of declining North American crayfishes (Lodge et al. 2000a; ...
The state of knowledge about insect pollination in Norway
... examples of such highly specialized interactions. One is the globeflower (Trollius europaeus), which is pollinated by flies in the Chiastocheta genus (Diptera, Anthomyiidae), the females of which lay eggs in the ovaries of the flower. Another is the northern wolf ’s-bane (Aconitum lycoctonum), which ...
... examples of such highly specialized interactions. One is the globeflower (Trollius europaeus), which is pollinated by flies in the Chiastocheta genus (Diptera, Anthomyiidae), the females of which lay eggs in the ovaries of the flower. Another is the northern wolf ’s-bane (Aconitum lycoctonum), which ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.