Beyond Control: The Dynamics of Brain-Body
... in subsequent work (Bäck, 1996). In this case, each individual is encoded as a vector of real numbers representing the time constants, biases and connection weights. Elitist selection was used to preserve the best individual each generation, whereas the remaining children were generated by mutation ...
... in subsequent work (Bäck, 1996). In this case, each individual is encoded as a vector of real numbers representing the time constants, biases and connection weights. Elitist selection was used to preserve the best individual each generation, whereas the remaining children were generated by mutation ...
Principles of Neural Science
... THE BASAL GANGLIA CONSIST of four nuclei, portions of which play a major role in normal voluntary movement. Unlike most other components of the motor system, however, they do not have direct input or output connections with the spinal cord. These nuclei receive their primary input from the cerebral ...
... THE BASAL GANGLIA CONSIST of four nuclei, portions of which play a major role in normal voluntary movement. Unlike most other components of the motor system, however, they do not have direct input or output connections with the spinal cord. These nuclei receive their primary input from the cerebral ...
Size and number of binucleate and mononucleate superior
... by Ribeiro et al. (2004). Further, an unexpected high frequency of binucleate neurons, i.e. about 13%, was found in capybaras. Mammalian sympathetic ganglion neurons are usually mononucleate, but cells with two nuclei are also found (Huber 1899; Smith 1970; Filichkina 1981; Dalsgaard and Elfvin 1982 ...
... by Ribeiro et al. (2004). Further, an unexpected high frequency of binucleate neurons, i.e. about 13%, was found in capybaras. Mammalian sympathetic ganglion neurons are usually mononucleate, but cells with two nuclei are also found (Huber 1899; Smith 1970; Filichkina 1981; Dalsgaard and Elfvin 1982 ...
The Somatosensory System: Receptors and Central Pathways
... of those signals to the central nervous system. The cell body of a dorsal root ganglion neuron lies in a ganglion on the dorsal root of a spinal or cranial nerve. Dorsal root ganglion neurons originate from the neural crest and are intimately associated with the nearby segment of the spinal cord. Do ...
... of those signals to the central nervous system. The cell body of a dorsal root ganglion neuron lies in a ganglion on the dorsal root of a spinal or cranial nerve. Dorsal root ganglion neurons originate from the neural crest and are intimately associated with the nearby segment of the spinal cord. Do ...
Neural Coding 2016
... All posters should be posted on Aug 29 in the morning. The posters can stay there for the whole conference but should be removed not later than Thursday Sep 1, 16:00, after the last session. Lunches will be served in the Canteen (“Mensa”) of the University of Cologne, which is across Zülpicher Straß ...
... All posters should be posted on Aug 29 in the morning. The posters can stay there for the whole conference but should be removed not later than Thursday Sep 1, 16:00, after the last session. Lunches will be served in the Canteen (“Mensa”) of the University of Cologne, which is across Zülpicher Straß ...
Interplay of environmental signals and progenitor diversity on fate
... neurons that coordinate the action of cortical, subcortical, and spinal cord circuits. From sensorimotor integration to executive functions, all depend on a precise spatio-temporal control of excitation and inhibition in local and long-range networks (Buzsáki, 2010). During brain development, cortic ...
... neurons that coordinate the action of cortical, subcortical, and spinal cord circuits. From sensorimotor integration to executive functions, all depend on a precise spatio-temporal control of excitation and inhibition in local and long-range networks (Buzsáki, 2010). During brain development, cortic ...
PDF file
... supervise motor nodes in the last layer. For example, a human teacher can hold a child’s hand (motor) to teach him how to write, but the teacher is not allowed to directly wire into the child’s brain. This inaccessibility of the brain is a major challenge for autonomous mental development. Some netw ...
... supervise motor nodes in the last layer. For example, a human teacher can hold a child’s hand (motor) to teach him how to write, but the teacher is not allowed to directly wire into the child’s brain. This inaccessibility of the brain is a major challenge for autonomous mental development. Some netw ...
![Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017009313_1-932f7069dbfdd3fd3915bbe942d02b0f-300x300.png)
Responses to Odors Mapped in Snail Tentacle and Brain by [14C]
... variations in response that support the hypothesis of a spatial code for odor quality (Stewart et al., 1979; Jourdan et al., 1980; Kauer, 1980; Mackay-Sim and Kubie, 1981; Nathan and Moulton, 1981). In the present study, odor-dependent variations in neural response were investigated using both quali ...
... variations in response that support the hypothesis of a spatial code for odor quality (Stewart et al., 1979; Jourdan et al., 1980; Kauer, 1980; Mackay-Sim and Kubie, 1981; Nathan and Moulton, 1981). In the present study, odor-dependent variations in neural response were investigated using both quali ...
Visual Properties of Neurons in a Polysensory Area in Superior
... Most STP units, 70% of the 199 tested, had little or no preference for stimulus size, shape, orientation, or contrast. These nonselective units would respond similarly to spots and slits of light, to shadows, to slides and photographs of complex objects, and to three-dimensional objects. Many of the ...
... Most STP units, 70% of the 199 tested, had little or no preference for stimulus size, shape, orientation, or contrast. These nonselective units would respond similarly to spots and slits of light, to shadows, to slides and photographs of complex objects, and to three-dimensional objects. Many of the ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig. 4.13 Some sources of nonlinear (modulatory) effects between synapses as modeled by sigma-pi nodes. (A) shunting (divisive) inhibition, which is often recorded as the effect of inhibitory synapses on the cell body. (B) The effect of simultaneously activated voltage-gated excitatory synapses that ...
... Fig. 4.13 Some sources of nonlinear (modulatory) effects between synapses as modeled by sigma-pi nodes. (A) shunting (divisive) inhibition, which is often recorded as the effect of inhibitory synapses on the cell body. (B) The effect of simultaneously activated voltage-gated excitatory synapses that ...
Document
... inputs across four processing regions of the cerebral cortex that receive inputs by gating of inputs to the thalamus. The linking of temporal activity between the thalamus and cortex synchronizes activity states of cortical neurons across four cortical regions (primary sensory, emotion, cognition an ...
... inputs across four processing regions of the cerebral cortex that receive inputs by gating of inputs to the thalamus. The linking of temporal activity between the thalamus and cortex synchronizes activity states of cortical neurons across four cortical regions (primary sensory, emotion, cognition an ...
The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders
... 1). The striatum also contains a small number of interneurons. Striatal interneurons can be subdivided by histochemical or immunohistochemical identification of which neurotransmitter or neuropeptide is contained within them. The best characterized subpopulations of striatal interneurons are choline ...
... 1). The striatum also contains a small number of interneurons. Striatal interneurons can be subdivided by histochemical or immunohistochemical identification of which neurotransmitter or neuropeptide is contained within them. The best characterized subpopulations of striatal interneurons are choline ...
Read Here
... School and Dartmouth Giesel School of Medicine. Triple-transgenic animals were generated by breeding Tac1::IRES-cre (Harris et al., 2014) mice to either double-transgenic Pet1::Flpe (Jensen et al., 2008), RC:: FPDi (Ray et al., 2011) mice, Pet1::Flpe, RC::FrePe (Brust et al., 2014) mice, or Pet1::Fl ...
... School and Dartmouth Giesel School of Medicine. Triple-transgenic animals were generated by breeding Tac1::IRES-cre (Harris et al., 2014) mice to either double-transgenic Pet1::Flpe (Jensen et al., 2008), RC:: FPDi (Ray et al., 2011) mice, Pet1::Flpe, RC::FrePe (Brust et al., 2014) mice, or Pet1::Fl ...
The Human Mirror Neuron System and Embodied
... created through visual observation as well as from the proprioceptive information received during action execution. Through association, the motor ‘‘image’’ was then invoked whenever we thought of a movement, or what he called ‘‘ideomotor action’’ (James, 1890). Greenwald (1970) extended these ideas ...
... created through visual observation as well as from the proprioceptive information received during action execution. Through association, the motor ‘‘image’’ was then invoked whenever we thought of a movement, or what he called ‘‘ideomotor action’’ (James, 1890). Greenwald (1970) extended these ideas ...
Brainstem3_2009
... The spinal nucleus of V is a long upward extension of the posterior horn of the spinal cord It contains a set of neurons resembling the substantia gelatinosa in the spinal cord The tracts entering the spinal nucleus of V are like an upward extension of the tract of ...
... The spinal nucleus of V is a long upward extension of the posterior horn of the spinal cord It contains a set of neurons resembling the substantia gelatinosa in the spinal cord The tracts entering the spinal nucleus of V are like an upward extension of the tract of ...
Orexin (Hypocretin)-Like Immunoreactivity in the Cat Hypothalamus
... free-floating sections were rinsed several times in ice-cold PBST (0.1 M PBS with 0.3% Triton X-100); they were then incubated with antibody against orexin A (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Mountain View, CA; diluted 1:1500—1:8000) in PBST solution overnight. On the following day, the sections were rinsed ...
... free-floating sections were rinsed several times in ice-cold PBST (0.1 M PBS with 0.3% Triton X-100); they were then incubated with antibody against orexin A (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Mountain View, CA; diluted 1:1500—1:8000) in PBST solution overnight. On the following day, the sections were rinsed ...
On the Role of the Pontine Brainstem in Vocal Pattern Generation: A
... electronic circuitry and telemetry setup, see Grohrock et al. (1997)]. One of the two transmitters mounted on the platform had two channels. The first channel was used to record the neuronal activity, and the second transmitted the signal of a piezo-ceramic skull vibration sensor. This sensor picked ...
... electronic circuitry and telemetry setup, see Grohrock et al. (1997)]. One of the two transmitters mounted on the platform had two channels. The first channel was used to record the neuronal activity, and the second transmitted the signal of a piezo-ceramic skull vibration sensor. This sensor picked ...
The effect of learning on the face selective responses of neurons in
... responses selective for faces responded much more specifically than this. Further information on and discussion of the extent to which these neurons have selective responses is given by Baylis et al. 1985; and Rolls 1984, 1989a. The non-face stimuli from which the optimal was chosen included sine wa ...
... responses selective for faces responded much more specifically than this. Further information on and discussion of the extent to which these neurons have selective responses is given by Baylis et al. 1985; and Rolls 1984, 1989a. The non-face stimuli from which the optimal was chosen included sine wa ...
MECHANISMS OF CENTRAL TRANSMISSION OF RESPIRATORY
... chemoreceptor excitation likewise led to increased activity (P. Langhorst and H. P. Koepchen, unpublished data). Therefore the chemoreceptor reflex increase of breathing is a generally activating reflex according to case c in Table I . The known inhibition of respiration by arterial baroreceptor aff ...
... chemoreceptor excitation likewise led to increased activity (P. Langhorst and H. P. Koepchen, unpublished data). Therefore the chemoreceptor reflex increase of breathing is a generally activating reflex according to case c in Table I . The known inhibition of respiration by arterial baroreceptor aff ...
Development of the Auditory Areas
... and timetables of the birthdates of neurons were constructed (Fig. 12-4). Neurons in layer VI have the earliest peak (EI5), and 37% of them are generated earlier than those throughout layers V-II. Neurons in layer II have the latest peak (EI8), and 36% of them are generated later than those througho ...
... and timetables of the birthdates of neurons were constructed (Fig. 12-4). Neurons in layer VI have the earliest peak (EI5), and 37% of them are generated earlier than those throughout layers V-II. Neurons in layer II have the latest peak (EI8), and 36% of them are generated later than those througho ...
Irregular persistent activity induced by synaptic excitatory feedback
... a highly irregular fashion in all periods of the task. The average CV is close to one in the baseline period, and is higher than 1 in the delay period, both for preferred and non-preferred stimuli. Most models of working memory in recurrent neuronal circuits (reviewed in Brunel, 2004) generate persi ...
... a highly irregular fashion in all periods of the task. The average CV is close to one in the baseline period, and is higher than 1 in the delay period, both for preferred and non-preferred stimuli. Most models of working memory in recurrent neuronal circuits (reviewed in Brunel, 2004) generate persi ...
Synchrony Unbound: Review A Critical Evaluation of
... to escape a combinatorial problem in neural coding. Theories that propose the creation of “cardinal” cells to represent particular combinations of signals from lowerorder neurons are implausible because the number of combinations to be coded exceeds the number of neurons available. In Von der Malsbu ...
... to escape a combinatorial problem in neural coding. Theories that propose the creation of “cardinal” cells to represent particular combinations of signals from lowerorder neurons are implausible because the number of combinations to be coded exceeds the number of neurons available. In Von der Malsbu ...
REFLEXES I - michaeldmann.net
... that are nearly the same each time they are repeated, but no activity of an organism is fixed and independent of either the state or the history of the organism. Most reflexes involve the simplest of neural circuits, some only two or a few neurons; but many, like the scratch-reflex in a dog, are so ...
... that are nearly the same each time they are repeated, but no activity of an organism is fixed and independent of either the state or the history of the organism. Most reflexes involve the simplest of neural circuits, some only two or a few neurons; but many, like the scratch-reflex in a dog, are so ...
Reverse engineering the lordosis behavior circuit.
... identification of the brain sites mediating estrogen influences and of the sensory modalities for triggering the behavior, leading to the recognition of the neural circuit that mediates the behavior. Neurophysiological and molecular analyses of this circuit proved that specific biochemical reactions in ...
... identification of the brain sites mediating estrogen influences and of the sensory modalities for triggering the behavior, leading to the recognition of the neural circuit that mediates the behavior. Neurophysiological and molecular analyses of this circuit proved that specific biochemical reactions in ...
NM Study Guide 2 Lecture #1 10/6/14 I. Normal Upper Extremity
... Eyes move first to locate object followed by head if necessary ...
... Eyes move first to locate object followed by head if necessary ...
Caridoid escape reaction
The caridoid escape reaction, also known as lobstering or tail-flipping, refers to an innate escape mechanism in marine and freshwater crustaceans such as lobsters, krill, shrimp and crayfish.The reaction, most extensively researched in crayfish, allows crustaceans to escape predators through rapid abdominal flexions that produce powerful swimming strokes — thrusting the crustacean backwards through the water and away from danger. The type of response depends on the part of the crustacean stimulated, but this behavior is complex and is regulated both spatially and temporally through the interactions of several neurons.