Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Rat Parabrachial Region: Ultrastructural
... ribosomes, and microtubules. The labeled dendrites were most often postsynaptic to 1 unlabeled terminal seen in a single plane of section (Fig. 2A). The unlabeled terminals measured 0.4-1.2 pm, contained mitochondria and numerous flattened or oval s&s, and appeared to form primarily asymmetric densi ...
... ribosomes, and microtubules. The labeled dendrites were most often postsynaptic to 1 unlabeled terminal seen in a single plane of section (Fig. 2A). The unlabeled terminals measured 0.4-1.2 pm, contained mitochondria and numerous flattened or oval s&s, and appeared to form primarily asymmetric densi ...
THE REGULATION OF SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS BY THE
... regulated by orexins. Orexins also have a strong, direct, excitatory effect on cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain33), which is hypothesized to play an important role in arousal. Cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) p ...
... regulated by orexins. Orexins also have a strong, direct, excitatory effect on cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain33), which is hypothesized to play an important role in arousal. Cholinergic neurons of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) p ...
Lecture notes Neural Computation
... The brain is a complex computing machine which is evolving to give the “fittest” output to a given input. Neural computation has as goal to describe the function of the nervous system in mathematical terms. By analysing or simulating the resulting equations, one can better understand its function, r ...
... The brain is a complex computing machine which is evolving to give the “fittest” output to a given input. Neural computation has as goal to describe the function of the nervous system in mathematical terms. By analysing or simulating the resulting equations, one can better understand its function, r ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... early differentiation step of postmitotic neurons. We next examined how each of the three sequentially born subtypes of CFu neurons is specifically affected by loss of SOX5. Nissl staining shows absence of a morphological SP in Sox5!/! cortex (Figures S1A and S1B). Using the SP-specific marker Ctgf ...
... early differentiation step of postmitotic neurons. We next examined how each of the three sequentially born subtypes of CFu neurons is specifically affected by loss of SOX5. Nissl staining shows absence of a morphological SP in Sox5!/! cortex (Figures S1A and S1B). Using the SP-specific marker Ctgf ...
Non-NMDA and NMDA receptors transmit area postrema input to
... barrels of a five-barreled pipette (39). The recording barrel was filled with 2% Pontamine sky blue dye in 0.5 M sodium acetate. Of the remaining barrels, one contained normal saline for balancing ejection currents. The rest of the barrels contained aqueous solutions of the NMDA receptor agonist NMD ...
... barrels of a five-barreled pipette (39). The recording barrel was filled with 2% Pontamine sky blue dye in 0.5 M sodium acetate. Of the remaining barrels, one contained normal saline for balancing ejection currents. The rest of the barrels contained aqueous solutions of the NMDA receptor agonist NMD ...
Phase synchronization of bursting neurons in clustered small
... patterns of activation of different brain regions as measured by electroencephalographic (EEG) or neuroimaging methods. The network analysis of these databases have revealed principles of organization of the nervous system which are common across species. For example, the corticocortical connectivit ...
... patterns of activation of different brain regions as measured by electroencephalographic (EEG) or neuroimaging methods. The network analysis of these databases have revealed principles of organization of the nervous system which are common across species. For example, the corticocortical connectivit ...
the inferior colliculus of the rat: quantitative
... understand the functional role of inhibition in the rat’s IC and to provide a comparative basis for studies concerned with pathologies of GABA- and Gly-mediated inhibitory transmission such as age-related hearing loss, tinnitus or audiogenic seizures (Caspary et al., 1999; Bauer et al., 2000; Faingo ...
... understand the functional role of inhibition in the rat’s IC and to provide a comparative basis for studies concerned with pathologies of GABA- and Gly-mediated inhibitory transmission such as age-related hearing loss, tinnitus or audiogenic seizures (Caspary et al., 1999; Bauer et al., 2000; Faingo ...
07.11 - UCSD Cognitive Science
... used a new approach, retrograde transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1, McIntyre-B strain). This tracing method can effectively label a chain of up to three synaptically linked neurons in a single experiment (for review, see Strick and Card, 1992). In the present study, we have ...
... used a new approach, retrograde transneuronal transport of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1, McIntyre-B strain). This tracing method can effectively label a chain of up to three synaptically linked neurons in a single experiment (for review, see Strick and Card, 1992). In the present study, we have ...
A Theory of Cerebral Cortex - Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center
... theory’s explanation for another key aspect of cortical and thalamic function – the moment-by-moment selection, evaluation, and execution of the action commands that control waking brain activity and muscle movement – is also briefly addressed. This theory proposes the first cogent answers to these ...
... theory’s explanation for another key aspect of cortical and thalamic function – the moment-by-moment selection, evaluation, and execution of the action commands that control waking brain activity and muscle movement – is also briefly addressed. This theory proposes the first cogent answers to these ...
the superior Olivary complex
... shape. The spike rate is non-monotonic with sound level and monotonic with modulation depth (Figure 7–10F). A common view of the role of inhibition is that it attenuates or suppresses post-synaptic neural activity. Although this is true for off neurons, the robust discharge when inhibition is releas ...
... shape. The spike rate is non-monotonic with sound level and monotonic with modulation depth (Figure 7–10F). A common view of the role of inhibition is that it attenuates or suppresses post-synaptic neural activity. Although this is true for off neurons, the robust discharge when inhibition is releas ...
THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF VISUAL-SACCADIC DECISION MAKING
... action to be executed by the neural and vascular systems of the body. For Aristotle the physiological systems of the body could, in this regard, be divided into sensory and motor divisions, which were causally linked by the nonphysical processes that took place in the human heart. In the second cent ...
... action to be executed by the neural and vascular systems of the body. For Aristotle the physiological systems of the body could, in this regard, be divided into sensory and motor divisions, which were causally linked by the nonphysical processes that took place in the human heart. In the second cent ...
Stereological estimation of dendritic coverage in the capybara SCG
... Discussion and Conclusion In the present article we showed how to assess quantitatively the axon-dendritic synapses in capybara SCG. The focus was on synapse size and the size (%) of dendrite occupied by synaptic axon profiles by using a combination of electron-immunohistochemical labelling for syna ...
... Discussion and Conclusion In the present article we showed how to assess quantitatively the axon-dendritic synapses in capybara SCG. The focus was on synapse size and the size (%) of dendrite occupied by synaptic axon profiles by using a combination of electron-immunohistochemical labelling for syna ...
How the brain uses time to represent and process visual information
... correlated activity across cells, such as oscillations. We would also like to know how this information corresponds to perceptual qualities, whether a neuron’s performance reflects its ideal information capacity or rather a compromise reflecting the biological costs of achieving this capacity [32], ...
... correlated activity across cells, such as oscillations. We would also like to know how this information corresponds to perceptual qualities, whether a neuron’s performance reflects its ideal information capacity or rather a compromise reflecting the biological costs of achieving this capacity [32], ...
PARK9-Associated ATP13A2 Localizes to Intracellular
... ATP13A2 protein levels are increased in human PD/DLB brains To explore the expression of ATP13A2 in the human brain, we conducted Western blot analysis with our LMNR1 antibody on detergent-soluble extracts derived from the striatum and cerebral cortex (medial frontal gyrus) of human brains from norm ...
... ATP13A2 protein levels are increased in human PD/DLB brains To explore the expression of ATP13A2 in the human brain, we conducted Western blot analysis with our LMNR1 antibody on detergent-soluble extracts derived from the striatum and cerebral cortex (medial frontal gyrus) of human brains from norm ...
BDNF-modulated Spatial Organization of Cajal
... cortex with disorganized CR cells and aberrant cortical lamination (Ringstedt et al., 1998). During embryonic development, CR neurons express BDNF and NT4 along with their receptor TrkB (Fukumitsu et al., 1998), whereas GABAergic neurons only express TrkB (Gorba and Wahle, 1999). Both neuronal cell ...
... cortex with disorganized CR cells and aberrant cortical lamination (Ringstedt et al., 1998). During embryonic development, CR neurons express BDNF and NT4 along with their receptor TrkB (Fukumitsu et al., 1998), whereas GABAergic neurons only express TrkB (Gorba and Wahle, 1999). Both neuronal cell ...
Hypothalamic pathways linking energy balance and reproduction
... Although LepRs are expressed in many hypothalamic nuclei (34, 36, 65), significant attention has been given to neurons located in the arcuate nucleus. There, LepRs are expressed by both NPY/AgRP and POMC/CART neurons (7, 20, 34) and are required for maintaining a normal body weight (4, 67). It is im ...
... Although LepRs are expressed in many hypothalamic nuclei (34, 36, 65), significant attention has been given to neurons located in the arcuate nucleus. There, LepRs are expressed by both NPY/AgRP and POMC/CART neurons (7, 20, 34) and are required for maintaining a normal body weight (4, 67). It is im ...
RESOURCE - Synthetic Neurobiology Group
... specific photoactivation of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in behaving ChR2-EYFP reporter mice. The robust, consistent and inducible nature of our ChR2 mice represents a significant advance over previous lines, and the Arch-ER2 and eNpHR3.0 mice are to our knowledge the first demonstration of suc ...
... specific photoactivation of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in behaving ChR2-EYFP reporter mice. The robust, consistent and inducible nature of our ChR2 mice represents a significant advance over previous lines, and the Arch-ER2 and eNpHR3.0 mice are to our knowledge the first demonstration of suc ...
Optimal Sizes of Dendritic and Axonal Arbors
... is scarce. At the same time neuroanatomists possess much data on cellular morphology and have powerful techniques to image neuronal shapes. This suggests using morphological data to infer inter-neuronal connections. Such inference must rely on rules which relate shapes of neurons to their connectivi ...
... is scarce. At the same time neuroanatomists possess much data on cellular morphology and have powerful techniques to image neuronal shapes. This suggests using morphological data to infer inter-neuronal connections. Such inference must rely on rules which relate shapes of neurons to their connectivi ...
Canonical computations of cerebral cortex
... to replicate, as it is not easily captured by rules. A similar interaction between high-level objects and varying lowlevel implementations is seen in motor planning: for example, an intention to point to an object might be instantiated with various fingers of either hand and various arm configuratio ...
... to replicate, as it is not easily captured by rules. A similar interaction between high-level objects and varying lowlevel implementations is seen in motor planning: for example, an intention to point to an object might be instantiated with various fingers of either hand and various arm configuratio ...
Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... 1997. The fastigial nucleus (FN) receives vestibular information predominantly from Purkinje cells of the vermis. FN in the monkey can be divided in a rostral part, related to spinal mechanisms, and a caudal part with oculomotor functions. To understand the role of FN during movements in space, sing ...
... 1997. The fastigial nucleus (FN) receives vestibular information predominantly from Purkinje cells of the vermis. FN in the monkey can be divided in a rostral part, related to spinal mechanisms, and a caudal part with oculomotor functions. To understand the role of FN during movements in space, sing ...
(Full text - MSWord file 171K)
... been developed in recent years. Prominent in these are actor-critic models of basal ganglia functioning which build on the strong resemblance between dopamine neuron activity and the temporal difference prediction error signal in the critic, and between dopamine-dependent long-term synaptic plastici ...
... been developed in recent years. Prominent in these are actor-critic models of basal ganglia functioning which build on the strong resemblance between dopamine neuron activity and the temporal difference prediction error signal in the critic, and between dopamine-dependent long-term synaptic plastici ...
Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center
... However, perfusion of the posterior hypothalamus with mAEA did not change significantly histamine release from the perirhinal cortex (Passani et al., 2007; Table 1) despite the profuse histaminergic innervation of this region (Panula et al., 1989) and the presence of histaminergic receptors (Pillot ...
... However, perfusion of the posterior hypothalamus with mAEA did not change significantly histamine release from the perirhinal cortex (Passani et al., 2007; Table 1) despite the profuse histaminergic innervation of this region (Panula et al., 1989) and the presence of histaminergic receptors (Pillot ...
Coding of relative size in monkey inferotemporal cortex
... Submitted 13 November 2014; accepted in final form 9 January 2015 ...
... Submitted 13 November 2014; accepted in final form 9 January 2015 ...