Basal Ganglia Outputs Map Instantaneous Position Coordinates
... neural datasets were aligned with an LED flash at the start of each session, structure formed of 1-cm-diameter aluminum rod. Mice were first exwhich generated a video time-marker in synchrony with a transistorposed to the elevated platform for at least 1 h before the start of the transistor logic pu ...
... neural datasets were aligned with an LED flash at the start of each session, structure formed of 1-cm-diameter aluminum rod. Mice were first exwhich generated a video time-marker in synchrony with a transistorposed to the elevated platform for at least 1 h before the start of the transistor logic pu ...
Signaling by truncated Dab1 protein - Development
... Ogawa et al., 1995; Pearlman and Sheppard, 1996; Schiffmann et al., 1997). However, this model does not provide a simple explanation for the accumulation of late-born CP neurons below early neurons in the Reln mutant cortex (outside-in layering). The late born neurons are thus accumulating in a regi ...
... Ogawa et al., 1995; Pearlman and Sheppard, 1996; Schiffmann et al., 1997). However, this model does not provide a simple explanation for the accumulation of late-born CP neurons below early neurons in the Reln mutant cortex (outside-in layering). The late born neurons are thus accumulating in a regi ...
Stereotyped connectivity and computations in higher
... In the first brain relay of the olfactory system, odors are encoded by combinations of glomeruli, but it is not known how glomerular signals are ultimately integrated. In Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of glomerular projections target the lateral horn. Here we show that lateral horn neurons ( ...
... In the first brain relay of the olfactory system, odors are encoded by combinations of glomeruli, but it is not known how glomerular signals are ultimately integrated. In Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of glomerular projections target the lateral horn. Here we show that lateral horn neurons ( ...
Cortical Maps - White Rose Research Online
... one might graph the excitation of one neuron by another against the distance that separates them in the tissue. Or an interaction may be described in terms of the functional relationships between neurons, as one might graph the correspondence between neurons as a function of the similarity of their ...
... one might graph the excitation of one neuron by another against the distance that separates them in the tissue. Or an interaction may be described in terms of the functional relationships between neurons, as one might graph the correspondence between neurons as a function of the similarity of their ...
Tsutsui (2004) Neural mechanisms of three
... We can see things in three dimensions because the visual system re-constructs the three-dimensional (3D) configurations of objects from their two-dimensional (2D) images projected onto the retinas. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the psychological background and recent physiologi ...
... We can see things in three dimensions because the visual system re-constructs the three-dimensional (3D) configurations of objects from their two-dimensional (2D) images projected onto the retinas. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the psychological background and recent physiologi ...
The effect of fasting on the ultrastructure of the hypothalamic arcuate
... the formation of membranous whorls was dependent on the oestrous cycle being most intense during the diestrus. According to the authors, high plasma levels of oestrogen may activate the arcuate neurons, and thus the formation of whorls. These structures were also observed in the arcuate neurons of m ...
... the formation of membranous whorls was dependent on the oestrous cycle being most intense during the diestrus. According to the authors, high plasma levels of oestrogen may activate the arcuate neurons, and thus the formation of whorls. These structures were also observed in the arcuate neurons of m ...
Lecture 6: Single neuron models
... McCulloch and Pitts knew that spikes (action potential) somehow carry information through the brain: each spike would represent a binary 1 each lack of spike would represent a binary 0 They showed how spikes could be combined to do logical and arithmetical operations From modern perspective there is ...
... McCulloch and Pitts knew that spikes (action potential) somehow carry information through the brain: each spike would represent a binary 1 each lack of spike would represent a binary 0 They showed how spikes could be combined to do logical and arithmetical operations From modern perspective there is ...
Competitive Dynamics in Cortical Responses to Visual Stimuli
... tends to elicit a strong initially positive oscillatory response (see Fig. 1A). Conversely, in the presence of a central preferred image, an eccentric flanking image, although ineffective in isolation, tends to elicit a strong initially negative oscillatory response (see Fig. 1B). They demonstrated ...
... tends to elicit a strong initially positive oscillatory response (see Fig. 1A). Conversely, in the presence of a central preferred image, an eccentric flanking image, although ineffective in isolation, tends to elicit a strong initially negative oscillatory response (see Fig. 1B). They demonstrated ...
multiple reward signals in the brain
... Figure 3 | Neuronal activity in primate striatum and orbitofrontal cortex related to the expectation of reward. a | Activity in a putamen neuron during a delayed go–no go task in which an initial cue instructs the monkey to produce or withhold a reaching movement following a trigger stimulus. The in ...
... Figure 3 | Neuronal activity in primate striatum and orbitofrontal cortex related to the expectation of reward. a | Activity in a putamen neuron during a delayed go–no go task in which an initial cue instructs the monkey to produce or withhold a reaching movement following a trigger stimulus. The in ...
Expression of NADPH-d in the vagal nuclei of the
... to severe esophageal damage. Thus, it was not analogous to the human situation. The chronic esophagitis model used in this study is a well-validated method. In the hematoxylineosin staining of the esophagus the pathologic changes related to chronic esophagitis were verified. In this model, eliminati ...
... to severe esophageal damage. Thus, it was not analogous to the human situation. The chronic esophagitis model used in this study is a well-validated method. In the hematoxylineosin staining of the esophagus the pathologic changes related to chronic esophagitis were verified. In this model, eliminati ...
neural circuitry approaches to understanding the pathophysiology
... with schizophrenia, although the magnitude of the decrease and its consistency across studies has not been uniform (25). Similarly, functional imaging studies have shown alterations in the activation of some of these brain areas under different conditions, especially when subjects are performing tas ...
... with schizophrenia, although the magnitude of the decrease and its consistency across studies has not been uniform (25). Similarly, functional imaging studies have shown alterations in the activation of some of these brain areas under different conditions, especially when subjects are performing tas ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... neighboring frequencies [1]. CN neurons were said to be phase-sensitive (PS) if their rate response changed more with Huffman phase manipulations than do AN fibers at comparable stimulus levels. About one-third of our CN neurons were PS; a majority of these (consisting mostly of primary-like and cho ...
... neighboring frequencies [1]. CN neurons were said to be phase-sensitive (PS) if their rate response changed more with Huffman phase manipulations than do AN fibers at comparable stimulus levels. About one-third of our CN neurons were PS; a majority of these (consisting mostly of primary-like and cho ...
Mirror Neuron System in Monkey: A Computational Modeling
... Mirror neurons within a monkey's premotor area F5 fire not only when the monkey performs a certain class of actions but also when the monkey observes another monkey (or the experimenter) perform a similar action. It has thus been argued that these neurons are crucial for understanding of actions by ...
... Mirror neurons within a monkey's premotor area F5 fire not only when the monkey performs a certain class of actions but also when the monkey observes another monkey (or the experimenter) perform a similar action. It has thus been argued that these neurons are crucial for understanding of actions by ...
3. Connections of the Hypothalamus
... hypothalamic area from wide-dynamic-range mechanoreceptive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. Another route by which the hypothalamus receive somatosensory and auditory input is the peripeduncular area, which lies in the area ventral to the medial geniculate body. Auditory input. Despite extensive s ...
... hypothalamic area from wide-dynamic-range mechanoreceptive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. Another route by which the hypothalamus receive somatosensory and auditory input is the peripeduncular area, which lies in the area ventral to the medial geniculate body. Auditory input. Despite extensive s ...
State-Dependent TMS Reveals a Hierarchical
... (F5,65 = 23.000, P < 0.00001). RTs in all the conditions with TMS were faster than RTs in the no-TMS condition. These RT enhancements are probably due to nonspecific factors such as auditory intersensory facilitation of the click produced by the magnetic stimulator at the onset of the test pictures ( ...
... (F5,65 = 23.000, P < 0.00001). RTs in all the conditions with TMS were faster than RTs in the no-TMS condition. These RT enhancements are probably due to nonspecific factors such as auditory intersensory facilitation of the click produced by the magnetic stimulator at the onset of the test pictures ( ...
Article PDF
... eminence (LGE) to cerebral cortex (De Carlos et al., 1996; Anderson et al., 1997b; Tamamaki et al., 1997). Finally, migration of presumptive neurons was observed from medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) (Lavdas et al., 1999; Sussel et al., 1999; Anderson et al., 2001). Cells arriving to the cortex from ...
... eminence (LGE) to cerebral cortex (De Carlos et al., 1996; Anderson et al., 1997b; Tamamaki et al., 1997). Finally, migration of presumptive neurons was observed from medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) (Lavdas et al., 1999; Sussel et al., 1999; Anderson et al., 2001). Cells arriving to the cortex from ...
Forecasting & Demand Planner Module 4 – Basic Concepts
... of the first neural network • Many of their ideas still used today (e.g. many simple units combine to give increased computational power and the idea of a threshold) ...
... of the first neural network • Many of their ideas still used today (e.g. many simple units combine to give increased computational power and the idea of a threshold) ...
Vesicle-Mediated Transport and Release of
... Brain lesions can lead to profound changes in the neuronal architecture and influence plasticity phenomena in neurons. Recent results show a significant impact of activated microglia on these lesion-induced long-term changes (Banati, 2002a; Beattie et al., 2002; Parish et al., 2002; Monje et al., 20 ...
... Brain lesions can lead to profound changes in the neuronal architecture and influence plasticity phenomena in neurons. Recent results show a significant impact of activated microglia on these lesion-induced long-term changes (Banati, 2002a; Beattie et al., 2002; Parish et al., 2002; Monje et al., 20 ...
Development of Subcellular mRNA Compartmentation in
... of particular mRNAs into dendrites, which together create the capacity for local synthesis of particular proteins, play a key role in establishing the molecular domains that allow dendrites to function as they do. Given the fact that RNA sorting and transport mechanisms are such prominent features o ...
... of particular mRNAs into dendrites, which together create the capacity for local synthesis of particular proteins, play a key role in establishing the molecular domains that allow dendrites to function as they do. Given the fact that RNA sorting and transport mechanisms are such prominent features o ...
The posterior parietal cortex: Sensorimotor interface for the planning
... leftmost column shows 3 neurons that encode target and hand position separably, in eye coordinates. Each cell is tuned for a target location in the upper visual field but one responds to rightward position (the top cell), another center, and the third leftward (bottom cell). These cells are also tun ...
... leftmost column shows 3 neurons that encode target and hand position separably, in eye coordinates. Each cell is tuned for a target location in the upper visual field but one responds to rightward position (the top cell), another center, and the third leftward (bottom cell). These cells are also tun ...
Parallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long
... adenylyl cyclase (AC) encoded by the rutabaga (rut) gene [21] is necessary to aversive olfactory conditioning where an odorant is associated to electric shock. RUT AC was proposed to function as a coincidence detector [11, 12, 22– 24], integrating both the olfactory information carried by projection ...
... adenylyl cyclase (AC) encoded by the rutabaga (rut) gene [21] is necessary to aversive olfactory conditioning where an odorant is associated to electric shock. RUT AC was proposed to function as a coincidence detector [11, 12, 22– 24], integrating both the olfactory information carried by projection ...
Neurons
... The intensity of a stimulus is coded by the frequency of action potentials (continued) – Intensity is coded in two other ways: – First, the intensity can be signaled by the frequency of action potentials in a single neuron—the more intense the stimulus, the faster the neuron fires action potential ...
... The intensity of a stimulus is coded by the frequency of action potentials (continued) – Intensity is coded in two other ways: – First, the intensity can be signaled by the frequency of action potentials in a single neuron—the more intense the stimulus, the faster the neuron fires action potential ...