![Encoding of conditioned fear in central amygdala inhibitory circuits](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003022537_1-02b290d58b6f0431e2b15ce54e98946c-300x300.png)
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... The burst signal does not only reflect the properties of the bottom-up input to area A but also depends on the processing of this input performed by the higher area B. It can be seen as a qualitative signal confirming the match of bottom-up and top-down information by computation of an AND-like logi ...
... The burst signal does not only reflect the properties of the bottom-up input to area A but also depends on the processing of this input performed by the higher area B. It can be seen as a qualitative signal confirming the match of bottom-up and top-down information by computation of an AND-like logi ...
Neuroanatomy and function of brain structures involved in the
... a pituitary autograft without hypothalamic connections can maintain the pseudopregnancy and corpora lutea. He postulated the existence of a hypothalamic factor which is released into the portal blood and inhibits the PRL secretion. Soon it was realized that this inhibiting factor is dopamine (DA). D ...
... a pituitary autograft without hypothalamic connections can maintain the pseudopregnancy and corpora lutea. He postulated the existence of a hypothalamic factor which is released into the portal blood and inhibits the PRL secretion. Soon it was realized that this inhibiting factor is dopamine (DA). D ...
Stimulation-Induced Functional Decoupling (SIFD)
... interactions become negligible with regards to individual neuronal dynamics. Thus, the network becomes «unwired» and neurons seem independent from one another. ...
... interactions become negligible with regards to individual neuronal dynamics. Thus, the network becomes «unwired» and neurons seem independent from one another. ...
A new view of the motor cortex
... 2005). For example, if a site in cortex responds to touching the left cheek and to visual stimuli near or approaching the left cheek, then stimulation of that site evokes a squint, a folding back of the left ear, a rightward turning of the head, a lifting of the left shoulder, and a rapid lifting a ...
... 2005). For example, if a site in cortex responds to touching the left cheek and to visual stimuli near or approaching the left cheek, then stimulation of that site evokes a squint, a folding back of the left ear, a rightward turning of the head, a lifting of the left shoulder, and a rapid lifting a ...
Direct Inhibition Evoked by Whisker Stimulation in Somatic Sensory
... neurons on one electrode, while at the same time weakly exciting neurons on the other electrode (Fig. 4). Recording sites for the two electrodes were the edge of E7 whisker barrel and between C5, D6, and D7 barrels. One electrode had a receptive field of “F-row” whiskers that have no barrels associa ...
... neurons on one electrode, while at the same time weakly exciting neurons on the other electrode (Fig. 4). Recording sites for the two electrodes were the edge of E7 whisker barrel and between C5, D6, and D7 barrels. One electrode had a receptive field of “F-row” whiskers that have no barrels associa ...
Structure and Function of Visual Area MT
... Of the inputs directly from V1, those from layer 4B predominate, at least numerically. After injections of retrograde tracers into macaque MT, more than 90% of the labeled V1 neurons are found in layer 4B; the remaining are found in the large cells of Meynert near the boundary of layers 5 and 6 (Tig ...
... Of the inputs directly from V1, those from layer 4B predominate, at least numerically. After injections of retrograde tracers into macaque MT, more than 90% of the labeled V1 neurons are found in layer 4B; the remaining are found in the large cells of Meynert near the boundary of layers 5 and 6 (Tig ...
189084_189084 - espace@Curtin
... thorough and unambiguous delineation of the various dopaminergic cell clusters in this species is not only important from an anatomical point of view, but would assist interpretations of the many experiments performed in mouse models of Parkinson‟s disease, particularly as there is a selective loss ...
... thorough and unambiguous delineation of the various dopaminergic cell clusters in this species is not only important from an anatomical point of view, but would assist interpretations of the many experiments performed in mouse models of Parkinson‟s disease, particularly as there is a selective loss ...
Microcircuits in visual cortex Kevan AC Martin
... ‘anatomy tells you what could be, physiology tells you what is’ (JA Movshon, personal communication), in vivo physiology and modeling continue to be the main tools used to solve the structure of cortical microcircuits. Where real structural studies are made in vivo, it is usually at the level of pop ...
... ‘anatomy tells you what could be, physiology tells you what is’ (JA Movshon, personal communication), in vivo physiology and modeling continue to be the main tools used to solve the structure of cortical microcircuits. Where real structural studies are made in vivo, it is usually at the level of pop ...
Stimulation Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Can Evoke
... were located at depths of 47–329 mm below the lateral surface of the spinal cord. These were identified as SPNs on the basis of their antidromic activation after stimulation of the ipsilateral segmental ventral root and their morphology and location in the spinal cord. Antidromically evoked action p ...
... were located at depths of 47–329 mm below the lateral surface of the spinal cord. These were identified as SPNs on the basis of their antidromic activation after stimulation of the ipsilateral segmental ventral root and their morphology and location in the spinal cord. Antidromically evoked action p ...
Primate Red Nucleus Discharge Encodes the Dynamics of Limb
... One also can test the relation between intensity of discharge and any of a variety of movement related parameters. Figure 2A summarizes the relation between mean firing rate of the cell shown in Fig. 1, and the average velocity of the movement. With the exception of one point ( s; which occurred dur ...
... One also can test the relation between intensity of discharge and any of a variety of movement related parameters. Figure 2A summarizes the relation between mean firing rate of the cell shown in Fig. 1, and the average velocity of the movement. With the exception of one point ( s; which occurred dur ...
projecting to oculomotor regions of the pons Activity of monkey
... unable to make certain types of cognitively difficult saccades. For example, they have a severe deficit in the learning and performance of saccades to remembered targets (Deng et al. 1986). Humans with prefrontal cortical lesions that include the frontal eye field have difficulty making saccades awa ...
... unable to make certain types of cognitively difficult saccades. For example, they have a severe deficit in the learning and performance of saccades to remembered targets (Deng et al. 1986). Humans with prefrontal cortical lesions that include the frontal eye field have difficulty making saccades awa ...
Functional maps within a single neuron
... either locally or globally, in an intricately coupled manner. Several common themes emerge by comparing plasticity in these intraneuronal maps to plasticity in sensory maps. For instance, studies involving the effects of dark rearing on various visual maps could be metaphorically related to the stud ...
... either locally or globally, in an intricately coupled manner. Several common themes emerge by comparing plasticity in these intraneuronal maps to plasticity in sensory maps. For instance, studies involving the effects of dark rearing on various visual maps could be metaphorically related to the stud ...
Neuronal fiber tracts connecting the brain and ventral nerve cord of
... Many aspects of insect behavior entail stereotyped sequences of movement that are controlled by neuronal circuits, called central pattern generators (CPGs; Marder et al., 2005). CPGs are located in the ventral nerve cord (CPGs controlling behaviors involving movement of the wings, legs, and abdomen) ...
... Many aspects of insect behavior entail stereotyped sequences of movement that are controlled by neuronal circuits, called central pattern generators (CPGs; Marder et al., 2005). CPGs are located in the ventral nerve cord (CPGs controlling behaviors involving movement of the wings, legs, and abdomen) ...
Gustatory processing is dynamic and distributed Donald B
... cross-correlations. The neuron pair analyzed here crosscorrelated strongly (and negatively) only in the presence of nicotine (orange line) and citric acid (green line). Peaked cross correlations were not found for sucrose (black), NaCl (maroon) or quinine (dark blue). When cross-correlations are tak ...
... cross-correlations. The neuron pair analyzed here crosscorrelated strongly (and negatively) only in the presence of nicotine (orange line) and citric acid (green line). Peaked cross correlations were not found for sucrose (black), NaCl (maroon) or quinine (dark blue). When cross-correlations are tak ...
Neuroanatomical characteristics of deep and superficial needling
... Based on our current knowledge, acupuncture is believed to exert its effects through sensory afferent stimulation. Although we are unable to assess, based on the present results, whether acupuncture works via stimulation of motor nerves, as the study was neuroanatomical rather than neurofunctional i ...
... Based on our current knowledge, acupuncture is believed to exert its effects through sensory afferent stimulation. Although we are unable to assess, based on the present results, whether acupuncture works via stimulation of motor nerves, as the study was neuroanatomical rather than neurofunctional i ...
Attractor concretion as a mechanism for the formation of context
... expected because initially, the neural circuit does not know that it needs to consider the CS–US associations as the building blocks of the context representation. The neural circuit observes a series of several events and mental states and it has to abstract autonomously what is relevant for the fo ...
... expected because initially, the neural circuit does not know that it needs to consider the CS–US associations as the building blocks of the context representation. The neural circuit observes a series of several events and mental states and it has to abstract autonomously what is relevant for the fo ...
Stochastic dynamics as a principle of brain function
... of microscopic models based on local networks with large numbers of neurons and synapses that lead to the desired global behavior of the whole system. However, simulation, without elucidation of a computational mechanism, will tell us little more than we already know from observing highly complex bi ...
... of microscopic models based on local networks with large numbers of neurons and synapses that lead to the desired global behavior of the whole system. However, simulation, without elucidation of a computational mechanism, will tell us little more than we already know from observing highly complex bi ...
Nerve Regeneration in C. elegans after femtosecond laser axotomy
... show that the completely photobleached neurons are able to synthesize and recover GFP fluorescence within 3 h. Furthermore, immediately after we photobleached all the motor neurons, the movement of the worms were wild-type (motor neurons are discussed in Section VI). In the regime of the pulse energ ...
... show that the completely photobleached neurons are able to synthesize and recover GFP fluorescence within 3 h. Furthermore, immediately after we photobleached all the motor neurons, the movement of the worms were wild-type (motor neurons are discussed in Section VI). In the regime of the pulse energ ...
Surround suppression explained by long-range
... coding efficiency8, 9 . This is beneficial because strong correlations across a neuronal population can impair the ability to extract information from their response to sensory stimuli10, 11 . “Sparse coding” of responses to sensory stimuli is therefore a valuable goal for cortex: sparse coding serv ...
... coding efficiency8, 9 . This is beneficial because strong correlations across a neuronal population can impair the ability to extract information from their response to sensory stimuli10, 11 . “Sparse coding” of responses to sensory stimuli is therefore a valuable goal for cortex: sparse coding serv ...