![C-fos Expression in the Pons and Medulla of the Cat during](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/012857019_1-457489eb89eed041e645924e0318fe6a-300x300.png)
C-fos Expression in the Pons and Medulla of the Cat during
... clean and topical antibiotics were administered on a daily basis. Following a 5-7 d period, the cats were adapted to the recording apparatus; thereafter, they exhibited spontaneous periods of wakefulness, quiet sleep, and active sleep. Experimental paradigm. Following the adaptation period, the dura ...
... clean and topical antibiotics were administered on a daily basis. Following a 5-7 d period, the cats were adapted to the recording apparatus; thereafter, they exhibited spontaneous periods of wakefulness, quiet sleep, and active sleep. Experimental paradigm. Following the adaptation period, the dura ...
Differential Temporal Storage Capacity in the Baseline Activity of
... significant (Mann–Whitney U test, P ⬍ 0.01). The numbers above this line reflect the start and end times of the interval in which a significant difference persisted for ⬎100 ms. C: baseline activity during the selected 100-ms interval (800 –700 ms prior to array presentation) in each trial is shown ...
... significant (Mann–Whitney U test, P ⬍ 0.01). The numbers above this line reflect the start and end times of the interval in which a significant difference persisted for ⬎100 ms. C: baseline activity during the selected 100-ms interval (800 –700 ms prior to array presentation) in each trial is shown ...
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... 2.1. Houk, Adams, and Barto (1995) One of the first actor –critic models of the basal ganglia was presented by Houk et al. (1995). This model suggests that striosomal modules fulfill the main functions of the adaptive critic, whereas matrix modules function as an actor. Striosomal modules comprise o ...
... 2.1. Houk, Adams, and Barto (1995) One of the first actor –critic models of the basal ganglia was presented by Houk et al. (1995). This model suggests that striosomal modules fulfill the main functions of the adaptive critic, whereas matrix modules function as an actor. Striosomal modules comprise o ...
Descending Systems Translate Transient Cortical Commands into a
... Controlling motor actions requires online adjustments of timevarying parameters. Although numerous studies have attempted to identify the parameters coded in different motor sites, the relationships between the temporal profile of neuronal responses and the dynamics of motor behavior remain poorly u ...
... Controlling motor actions requires online adjustments of timevarying parameters. Although numerous studies have attempted to identify the parameters coded in different motor sites, the relationships between the temporal profile of neuronal responses and the dynamics of motor behavior remain poorly u ...
Scene perception: inferior temporal cortex neurons encode the
... possible effects of the salience of any particular stimulus would not bias the results. To this end, we used a set of 141 stimuli during the data collection for these experiments, and any individual stimulus was typically used in only one (63 stimuli) or two (53 stimuli) experiments. Part of the exp ...
... possible effects of the salience of any particular stimulus would not bias the results. To this end, we used a set of 141 stimuli during the data collection for these experiments, and any individual stimulus was typically used in only one (63 stimuli) or two (53 stimuli) experiments. Part of the exp ...
A neural theory of speech acquisition and production
... Guenther et al., 1998) defining a target speech sound. As described above, this learning is rapid and takes place along the pathways between the speech sound map and the auditory error map during the perception of sample speech sounds (Fig. 1). In order to commit a new neuron in the speech sound map ...
... Guenther et al., 1998) defining a target speech sound. As described above, this learning is rapid and takes place along the pathways between the speech sound map and the auditory error map during the perception of sample speech sounds (Fig. 1). In order to commit a new neuron in the speech sound map ...
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... nerve fibres were very abundant in the SO ganglionated plexus. Some of them expressed simultaneously immunoreactivity for SP, and many SP-positive only nerve terminals were also found within the ganglia and in nerve bundles closely associated with the SO muscle. These CGRP and/or SP-positive fibres ...
... nerve fibres were very abundant in the SO ganglionated plexus. Some of them expressed simultaneously immunoreactivity for SP, and many SP-positive only nerve terminals were also found within the ganglia and in nerve bundles closely associated with the SO muscle. These CGRP and/or SP-positive fibres ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... readiness potential (i.e., a change in the evoked brain potential that develops over the motor cortex contralateral to the overt response), it was found that in trials in which the stimulus was flanked by incompatible noise, both responses were initially activated, with the incompatible response eve ...
... readiness potential (i.e., a change in the evoked brain potential that develops over the motor cortex contralateral to the overt response), it was found that in trials in which the stimulus was flanked by incompatible noise, both responses were initially activated, with the incompatible response eve ...
Chemosensory pathways in the brainstem controlling
... Cardiorespiratory activity is controlled by a network of neurons located within the lower brainstem. The basic rhythm of breathing is generated by neuronal circuits within the medullary pre-Bötzinger complex, modulated by pontine and other inputs from cell groups within the medulla oblongata and th ...
... Cardiorespiratory activity is controlled by a network of neurons located within the lower brainstem. The basic rhythm of breathing is generated by neuronal circuits within the medullary pre-Bötzinger complex, modulated by pontine and other inputs from cell groups within the medulla oblongata and th ...
Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico - lsr
... cortex acts retroactively and the pre-supplementary motor area acts proactively to enable behavioral switching. The lateral prefrontal cortex reconfigures cognitive processes constituting the switched behavior. The subthalamic nucleus and the striatum in the basal ganglia mediate these cortical sign ...
... cortex acts retroactively and the pre-supplementary motor area acts proactively to enable behavioral switching. The lateral prefrontal cortex reconfigures cognitive processes constituting the switched behavior. The subthalamic nucleus and the striatum in the basal ganglia mediate these cortical sign ...
The sympathetic control of blood pressure.
... appropriate responses)11,12. How a set-point for BP might be encoded by the CNS and the nature of the error signals have yet to be established. The only well identified neural sensors that encode BP are the baroreceptors, but their contribution to the long-term regulation of BP has been repeatedly q ...
... appropriate responses)11,12. How a set-point for BP might be encoded by the CNS and the nature of the error signals have yet to be established. The only well identified neural sensors that encode BP are the baroreceptors, but their contribution to the long-term regulation of BP has been repeatedly q ...
Fast Propagation of Firing Rates through Layered Networks of Noisy
... mean, or bias, current raises the average membrane potential and makes the transmission of rate changes more rapid and more sensitive as on average neurons are brought closer to threshold. The SD, or noise component, of the current prevents synchronization by ensuring that each neuron is in a differ ...
... mean, or bias, current raises the average membrane potential and makes the transmission of rate changes more rapid and more sensitive as on average neurons are brought closer to threshold. The SD, or noise component, of the current prevents synchronization by ensuring that each neuron is in a differ ...
Common Input to Motor Neurons Innervating the Same and Different
... potentials for a motor unit was generated. The discharge times of one unit, termed the event unit, were plotted relative to the discharge times of a second unit, termed the reference unit, to generate a crosscorrelation histogram. Cross-correlation histograms had 1-ms bin widths and included periods ...
... potentials for a motor unit was generated. The discharge times of one unit, termed the event unit, were plotted relative to the discharge times of a second unit, termed the reference unit, to generate a crosscorrelation histogram. Cross-correlation histograms had 1-ms bin widths and included periods ...
Tau pathology does not affect experience-driven single
... little evidence that NFTs directly impact physiological properties of host neurons. Here we used a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy to study how advanced tau pathology in different brain regions affects activity-driven expression of immediate-early gene Arc required for experience-dependent conso ...
... little evidence that NFTs directly impact physiological properties of host neurons. Here we used a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy to study how advanced tau pathology in different brain regions affects activity-driven expression of immediate-early gene Arc required for experience-dependent conso ...
Cell Type-Specific, Presynaptic LTP of Inhibitory Synapses on Fast
... In the present study we classified GABAergic interneurons into FS and non-FS types based on electrophysiological properties, as reported previously (Sarihi et al., 2008). In FS-GABA neurons, test electrical stimulation given to layer II/III at 0.05 Hz under blockade of AMPA and NMDA receptors elicit ...
... In the present study we classified GABAergic interneurons into FS and non-FS types based on electrophysiological properties, as reported previously (Sarihi et al., 2008). In FS-GABA neurons, test electrical stimulation given to layer II/III at 0.05 Hz under blockade of AMPA and NMDA receptors elicit ...
Motor Cognition and Mental Simulation
... figuring out when and how high to lift your feet—relies on a sophisticated set of neural processes. Evolutionarily speaking, perception exists not just to recognize objects and events, but also (as noted in Chapter 2), to provide guidance and feedback for the many different movements that animals ma ...
... figuring out when and how high to lift your feet—relies on a sophisticated set of neural processes. Evolutionarily speaking, perception exists not just to recognize objects and events, but also (as noted in Chapter 2), to provide guidance and feedback for the many different movements that animals ma ...
Comprehensive imaging of cortical networks
... the two-photon excitation volume, such as spines and axons, but have more modest effects on images of larger structures [62]. Wave front engineering can also correct for strong local scattering with large improvements in signal level at depth [63]; however, these corrections have to be recomputed ...
... the two-photon excitation volume, such as spines and axons, but have more modest effects on images of larger structures [62]. Wave front engineering can also correct for strong local scattering with large improvements in signal level at depth [63]; however, these corrections have to be recomputed ...
Activity in the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Reflects Multiple Steps of
... ning of multistep behaviors? More specifically, does the activity of PFC neurons during the process of planning reflect the multiple movements required during future actions or the individual future events that occur as a result of the actions? To answer this question, we examined neuronal activity ...
... ning of multistep behaviors? More specifically, does the activity of PFC neurons during the process of planning reflect the multiple movements required during future actions or the individual future events that occur as a result of the actions? To answer this question, we examined neuronal activity ...