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... many different in vitro applications, using 64 electrode channels. In a parallel respect, Franke and colleagues [6] used a high-density (HD) electrode array to perform real-time spike sorting for closed-loop experiments that study neural plasticity. These studies exploited the existing electrode arr ...
... many different in vitro applications, using 64 electrode channels. In a parallel respect, Franke and colleagues [6] used a high-density (HD) electrode array to perform real-time spike sorting for closed-loop experiments that study neural plasticity. These studies exploited the existing electrode arr ...
Reward and Aversion
... The intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) model is the most common classical method for studying brain stimulation reward (Olds & Milner 1954, Wise 1996) and can be applied either electrically or chemically (Ikemoto & Wise 2004). More than 50 brain sites with reinforcing properties, often reflected b ...
... The intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) model is the most common classical method for studying brain stimulation reward (Olds & Milner 1954, Wise 1996) and can be applied either electrically or chemically (Ikemoto & Wise 2004). More than 50 brain sites with reinforcing properties, often reflected b ...
PDF - Folia Biologica
... Cajal who recognized that they are particularly abundant in the cortex of higher primates and in human neocortex, and therefore were likely to be responsible for higher brain functions (Ramón y Cajal, 1911). The specific functions of cortical GABAergic interneurons are accomplished through a remarkab ...
... Cajal who recognized that they are particularly abundant in the cortex of higher primates and in human neocortex, and therefore were likely to be responsible for higher brain functions (Ramón y Cajal, 1911). The specific functions of cortical GABAergic interneurons are accomplished through a remarkab ...
neural representation and the cortical code
... As the initial examples illustrated, in order for a neuronal signal to have meaning for an organism, the signal must have projections that allow it to have a function in the organism’s activities. The function of neurons or neural representations is not just to provide a highly correlated and inform ...
... As the initial examples illustrated, in order for a neuronal signal to have meaning for an organism, the signal must have projections that allow it to have a function in the organism’s activities. The function of neurons or neural representations is not just to provide a highly correlated and inform ...
Hindbrain noradrenergic A2 neurons: diverse roles in autonomic
... identify and/or lesion A2 neurons; however, these criteria do not allow A2 and C2 neurons to be distinguished within visceral NST regions where they overlap. The extent to which the connections and functions of these rostral A2/caudal C2 neurons are similar or unique remains largely unexplored. Tran ...
... identify and/or lesion A2 neurons; however, these criteria do not allow A2 and C2 neurons to be distinguished within visceral NST regions where they overlap. The extent to which the connections and functions of these rostral A2/caudal C2 neurons are similar or unique remains largely unexplored. Tran ...
Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... One of the functions of the excitatory subthalamic nucleus (STN) is to relay cortical activity to other basal ganglia structures. The response of the STN to cortical input is shaped by inhibition from the reciprocally connected globus pallidus (GP). To examine the activity in the STN–GP network in r ...
... One of the functions of the excitatory subthalamic nucleus (STN) is to relay cortical activity to other basal ganglia structures. The response of the STN to cortical input is shaped by inhibition from the reciprocally connected globus pallidus (GP). To examine the activity in the STN–GP network in r ...
Activity Regulates the Incidence of Heteronymous Sensory
... We examined the percentage of motor neurons receiving heteronymous sensory input for each of the six possible sensorymotor pairs within the AC synergy group. We found that 42% of TA motor neurons received sensory input from EDL afferents, and that 52% of EDL motor neurons received input from TA affe ...
... We examined the percentage of motor neurons receiving heteronymous sensory input for each of the six possible sensorymotor pairs within the AC synergy group. We found that 42% of TA motor neurons received sensory input from EDL afferents, and that 52% of EDL motor neurons received input from TA affe ...
Tactile orientation perception: an ideal observer analysis of human
... recorded area 3b neurons (Sripati et al. 2006b). In response to indented bars, approximately one-half of area 3b neurons exhibited significant orientation selectivity; the RF structures of those neurons were better classified as either Gabor spatial filters, which have inhibitory sidebands (67% of n ...
... recorded area 3b neurons (Sripati et al. 2006b). In response to indented bars, approximately one-half of area 3b neurons exhibited significant orientation selectivity; the RF structures of those neurons were better classified as either Gabor spatial filters, which have inhibitory sidebands (67% of n ...
Location and connectivity determine GABAergic interneuron survival in the brains... South Hampshire sheep with CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
... severely reduced in them, but the underlying mutation has yet to be determined. It is probably a novel non-coding mutation in a regulatory region, which may have human analogs (Tammen et al., 2006). To gain insights into the pathogenic mechanisms we have been studying progressive pathological change ...
... severely reduced in them, but the underlying mutation has yet to be determined. It is probably a novel non-coding mutation in a regulatory region, which may have human analogs (Tammen et al., 2006). To gain insights into the pathogenic mechanisms we have been studying progressive pathological change ...
Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal
... According to game theory and microeconomics, the value of rewards for behavioural reactions and decisions can be assessed from the multiplicative product of magnitude and probability of the future reward (expected reward value). In addition, the delay to the future reward reduces the reward value hy ...
... According to game theory and microeconomics, the value of rewards for behavioural reactions and decisions can be assessed from the multiplicative product of magnitude and probability of the future reward (expected reward value). In addition, the delay to the future reward reduces the reward value hy ...
Clarke`s column neurons as the focus of a corticospinal corollary circuit
... the sensory relay properties of Clarke’s column have long been appreciated9, the possibility that this set of spinocerebellar neurons has additional integrative functions in spinal sensory processing has not been explored in detail. Proprioceptive sensory information of peripheral origin provides on ...
... the sensory relay properties of Clarke’s column have long been appreciated9, the possibility that this set of spinocerebellar neurons has additional integrative functions in spinal sensory processing has not been explored in detail. Proprioceptive sensory information of peripheral origin provides on ...
Interplay of environmental signals and progenitor diversity on fate
... 2008). Despite this complexity, accumulating evidence has suggested that none of these features alone can unambiguously define a homogeneous population of inhibitory neurons. In addition to the recent efforts to combine these elements and establish a common criterion to classify interneuron subgroups ...
... 2008). Despite this complexity, accumulating evidence has suggested that none of these features alone can unambiguously define a homogeneous population of inhibitory neurons. In addition to the recent efforts to combine these elements and establish a common criterion to classify interneuron subgroups ...
Neuronal Clusters in the Primate Motor Cortex during Interception of
... interception point, and the target acceleration were randomized for each trial, thus requiring the animal to adjust its movement according to the visual input on a trial-by-trial basis. The two animals adopted different strategies, similar to those identified previously in human subjects. Single-cel ...
... interception point, and the target acceleration were randomized for each trial, thus requiring the animal to adjust its movement according to the visual input on a trial-by-trial basis. The two animals adopted different strategies, similar to those identified previously in human subjects. Single-cel ...
Two-photon imaging and analysis of neural network dynamics
... In the past century the prevailing technique for studying neuronal activity in living brains (‘in vivo’) has been the electrical recording of neural spikes, the extracellular signature of action potentials (APs) generated by neurons. This approach has been employed successfully for more than half a ...
... In the past century the prevailing technique for studying neuronal activity in living brains (‘in vivo’) has been the electrical recording of neural spikes, the extracellular signature of action potentials (APs) generated by neurons. This approach has been employed successfully for more than half a ...
The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex
... mm2 that was predicted by Rockel et al. (10) from which a nominal value of 147,000/mm2 was corrected for 18% shrinkage in each of two dimensions (P ⫽ 0.1903, one sample t test). Because exclusion of Tupaia sp. from the analyses did not modify the results (data not shown), all comparisons henceforth ...
... mm2 that was predicted by Rockel et al. (10) from which a nominal value of 147,000/mm2 was corrected for 18% shrinkage in each of two dimensions (P ⫽ 0.1903, one sample t test). Because exclusion of Tupaia sp. from the analyses did not modify the results (data not shown), all comparisons henceforth ...
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... b) continuous conduction of graded potentials. c) changing the frequency of impulses sent to sensory centers. d) propagation action potential in both directions. e) modifying the length of the refractory period. Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical ...
... b) continuous conduction of graded potentials. c) changing the frequency of impulses sent to sensory centers. d) propagation action potential in both directions. e) modifying the length of the refractory period. Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical ...
Realizing Biological Spiking Network Models in a Configurable
... given in terms of a list of neurons and a list of individual connections between them. (However, this is not the only possible starting point for setting up hardware simulations; see Discussion.) The mapping of a model to the hardware comprises two steps: placing and routing. The former is concerned ...
... given in terms of a list of neurons and a list of individual connections between them. (However, this is not the only possible starting point for setting up hardware simulations; see Discussion.) The mapping of a model to the hardware comprises two steps: placing and routing. The former is concerned ...
Integrative neurobiology of energy homeostasis
... inactivation or selective expression of the insulin receptor in defined tissues and cell types have lead to a better understanding of the integration between peripheral and central insulin action. However, as exemplified by the studies of conventional NPY and AgRP-knockout mice, interpretation of resu ...
... inactivation or selective expression of the insulin receptor in defined tissues and cell types have lead to a better understanding of the integration between peripheral and central insulin action. However, as exemplified by the studies of conventional NPY and AgRP-knockout mice, interpretation of resu ...
Kv2 Channels Form Delayed-Rectifier Potassium Channels In Situ
... immature and mature times did not vary (40 and 36%, respectively), the inferred proportions of Kv2 channels are similar. The mutant subunit may have produced this effect by decreasing either the number of functional channels, the single-channel conductance, or Popen. These results suggest that funct ...
... immature and mature times did not vary (40 and 36%, respectively), the inferred proportions of Kv2 channels are similar. The mutant subunit may have produced this effect by decreasing either the number of functional channels, the single-channel conductance, or Popen. These results suggest that funct ...
Cough, Expiration and Aspiration Reflexes following
... Shannon et al. (1998, 2000). According to this model neuronal circuitries of the Respiratory Central Pattern Generator can also produce the cough motor pattern. However, the possibility that other brainstem circuits overlapping the main respiratory networks may also participate has not been excluded ...
... Shannon et al. (1998, 2000). According to this model neuronal circuitries of the Respiratory Central Pattern Generator can also produce the cough motor pattern. However, the possibility that other brainstem circuits overlapping the main respiratory networks may also participate has not been excluded ...
Brainstem: neural networks vital for life
... approaches, electrical and optical recording techniques and computational methods. Accordingly, the papers in this issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society describe new types of experiments made to understand how the brainstem performs its functions under normal conditions and also i ...
... approaches, electrical and optical recording techniques and computational methods. Accordingly, the papers in this issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society describe new types of experiments made to understand how the brainstem performs its functions under normal conditions and also i ...
