Post-pubertal Emergence of Prefrontal Cortical Up
... Gonzalez-Islas and Hablitz, 2003), it is conceivable that a sufficient level of D1--NMDA co-activation could elicit plateau depolarizations resembling up states in a slice preparation. To address this issue, the effects of a D1 agonist and NMDA on spontaneous activity in PFC pyramidal neurons were te ...
... Gonzalez-Islas and Hablitz, 2003), it is conceivable that a sufficient level of D1--NMDA co-activation could elicit plateau depolarizations resembling up states in a slice preparation. To address this issue, the effects of a D1 agonist and NMDA on spontaneous activity in PFC pyramidal neurons were te ...
Musings on the Wanderer: What`s New in Our Understanding of
... types of terminals normally found in the smooth muscle wall of the gastrointestinal tract. Regeneration, however, is neither complete nor entirely accurate by 45 wk. Abnormal patterns of sensory organization occurred throughout the reinnervated field, with small bundles of axons forming complex tang ...
... types of terminals normally found in the smooth muscle wall of the gastrointestinal tract. Regeneration, however, is neither complete nor entirely accurate by 45 wk. Abnormal patterns of sensory organization occurred throughout the reinnervated field, with small bundles of axons forming complex tang ...
Neuronal Activation in the Medulla Oblongata During Selective
... these studies, abdominal, oropharyngeal, and esophageal muscles were active during cough or swallow. Although both of these studies found neuronal activation in some common brain stem regions, certain regions showed neuronal activity during swallowing but not during coughing and vice versa. For exam ...
... these studies, abdominal, oropharyngeal, and esophageal muscles were active during cough or swallow. Although both of these studies found neuronal activation in some common brain stem regions, certain regions showed neuronal activity during swallowing but not during coughing and vice versa. For exam ...
Understanding Opioid Reward Howard L. Fields and Elyssa B
... microinjection viruses with a Cre-inducible viral construct coding for ChR-2. These rodents learned to lever press to receive light activation of their VTA dopamine neurons [65, 66]. Furthermore, application of a burst pattern of light activation was capable of producing CPP, indicating that activit ...
... microinjection viruses with a Cre-inducible viral construct coding for ChR-2. These rodents learned to lever press to receive light activation of their VTA dopamine neurons [65, 66]. Furthermore, application of a burst pattern of light activation was capable of producing CPP, indicating that activit ...
Burst Firing and Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Cat Striate
... Snider, R. K., J. F. Kabara, B. R. Roig, and A. B. Bonds. Burst firing and modulation of functional connectivity in cat striate cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 730–744, 1998. We studied the influences of the temporal firing patterns of presynaptic cat visual cortical cells on spike generation by postsy ...
... Snider, R. K., J. F. Kabara, B. R. Roig, and A. B. Bonds. Burst firing and modulation of functional connectivity in cat striate cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 730–744, 1998. We studied the influences of the temporal firing patterns of presynaptic cat visual cortical cells on spike generation by postsy ...
Synaptic function: Dendritic democracy
... a somato-dendritic gradient, in a manner that has important functional consequences. This indicates that there must be general mechanisms by which protein density, and possibly also dendritic structure, may be regulated depending on dendritic distance. A particularly interesting question is how dend ...
... a somato-dendritic gradient, in a manner that has important functional consequences. This indicates that there must be general mechanisms by which protein density, and possibly also dendritic structure, may be regulated depending on dendritic distance. A particularly interesting question is how dend ...
UNRAVELING THE SENSE OF SMELL
... molecules. However, they have diverse structures and somehow those different structures are perceived as having different odors (Figure 1). The sense of smell is mediated by the olfactory system, a system that is characterized by exquisite sensitivity and discriminatory power. Even a slight change i ...
... molecules. However, they have diverse structures and somehow those different structures are perceived as having different odors (Figure 1). The sense of smell is mediated by the olfactory system, a system that is characterized by exquisite sensitivity and discriminatory power. Even a slight change i ...
NEOCORTEX
... the entire dendritic tree. These neurons form a small subclass of the inhibitory neuron population. At another extreme are neurons such as the Betz cell, a large pyramidal neuron that is found in the motor cortex (area 4) and bears about 10,000 spines. Each spine forms a Type I (see later and Chap. ...
... the entire dendritic tree. These neurons form a small subclass of the inhibitory neuron population. At another extreme are neurons such as the Betz cell, a large pyramidal neuron that is found in the motor cortex (area 4) and bears about 10,000 spines. Each spine forms a Type I (see later and Chap. ...
Figure 1 - Journal of Neuroscience
... The spatial location of sounds is an important aspect of auditory perception, but the ways in which space is represented are not fully understood. No space map has been found within the primary auditory pathway. However, a space map has been found in the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colli ...
... The spatial location of sounds is an important aspect of auditory perception, but the ways in which space is represented are not fully understood. No space map has been found within the primary auditory pathway. However, a space map has been found in the nucleus of the brachium of the inferior colli ...
Activity of Ventral Medial Thalamic Neurons during
... using the memory buffer function of Spike 2, and the event correlation function was then used to produce the cross-correlogram. The amplitude of action potentials was calculated as the potential difference between their voltage threshold, measured as the membrane potential at which the dV/dt exceede ...
... using the memory buffer function of Spike 2, and the event correlation function was then used to produce the cross-correlogram. The amplitude of action potentials was calculated as the potential difference between their voltage threshold, measured as the membrane potential at which the dV/dt exceede ...
Dynamics of Learning and Recall ... Recurrent Synapses and Cholinergic Modulation
... in these simulations. In most simulations, weights were clipped at specific values to maintain them within the region of stable attractor dynamics. In this case, runaway synaptic modification applies not to the exponential enhancement of a single connection, but to the enhancement of additional unde ...
... in these simulations. In most simulations, weights were clipped at specific values to maintain them within the region of stable attractor dynamics. In this case, runaway synaptic modification applies not to the exponential enhancement of a single connection, but to the enhancement of additional unde ...
construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs
... of the CNS extending downward from the hindbrain. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas de ...
... of the CNS extending downward from the hindbrain. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas de ...
construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs
... of the CNS extending downward from the hindbrain. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas de ...
... of the CNS extending downward from the hindbrain. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas de ...
Mechanisms for generating and compensating for the
... gaze position, microsaccades can be understood by relating them to the larger voluntary saccades, which abruptly shift gaze position. Starting from this approach to microsaccade analysis, I show how it can lead to significant insight about the generation and functional role of these eye movements. L ...
... gaze position, microsaccades can be understood by relating them to the larger voluntary saccades, which abruptly shift gaze position. Starting from this approach to microsaccade analysis, I show how it can lead to significant insight about the generation and functional role of these eye movements. L ...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Placement and Functional
... neurons (Baude et al. 1993). While there are a few reports of specific cell regions on particular types of neurons where type 1 synapses are localized directly on the dendritic shaft (Megias et al. 2001; Parnavelas et al. 1977), this is generally not the case. Given that the vast majority of spines, ...
... neurons (Baude et al. 1993). While there are a few reports of specific cell regions on particular types of neurons where type 1 synapses are localized directly on the dendritic shaft (Megias et al. 2001; Parnavelas et al. 1977), this is generally not the case. Given that the vast majority of spines, ...
18
... retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, the underlying computational mechanisms of the stereo vision in the human brain is still largely ...
... retinal images, are only two-dimensional? There are multiple depth-cues exploited by the brain to create a 3D model of the world. Despite the importance of this subject both for scientists and engineers, the underlying computational mechanisms of the stereo vision in the human brain is still largely ...
elaboration, remodeling and spatial organization of
... distribution patterns was performed in the MBs where clones of mCD8-GFP-postive dendrites happened to alternate with clones of rCD2-labeled dendrites (e.g. Fig. 2C). When the MBs were photo-sectioned from the cell body region to the lobes (Fig. 2B), we noticed that two front clones (AM and AL) flank ...
... distribution patterns was performed in the MBs where clones of mCD8-GFP-postive dendrites happened to alternate with clones of rCD2-labeled dendrites (e.g. Fig. 2C). When the MBs were photo-sectioned from the cell body region to the lobes (Fig. 2B), we noticed that two front clones (AM and AL) flank ...
Brain asymmetry is encoded at the level of axon terminal morphology
... have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display Habenular neurons have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display multiple midline crossing. (a) Three-dimensional reconstruction showing a ...
... have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display Habenular neurons have a stereotypical unipolar morphology and their axons terminate in spiral-shaped arbors that display multiple midline crossing. (a) Three-dimensional reconstruction showing a ...
Developmental mechanics of the primate cerebral cortex
... we illustrate the substantial impact of mechanical forces on the development, morphology, and functioning of the primate cerebral cortex. Based on the analysis of quantitative structural data for prefrontal cortices of the adult rhesus monkey, we demonstrate that (1) the characteristic shape of cort ...
... we illustrate the substantial impact of mechanical forces on the development, morphology, and functioning of the primate cerebral cortex. Based on the analysis of quantitative structural data for prefrontal cortices of the adult rhesus monkey, we demonstrate that (1) the characteristic shape of cort ...
Coordinated Interaction between Hippocampal Sharp
... Stereotaxic surgery. Mice were anesthetized with a ketamine/xylazine mixture (⬃100/10 mg per kg, i.p.) and received two bundles of electrode implantation, one into the CA1 and the other into the ACC, both in the right hemisphere. The coordinates for the ACC were anteroposterior (AP) 0.8 mm anterior ...
... Stereotaxic surgery. Mice were anesthetized with a ketamine/xylazine mixture (⬃100/10 mg per kg, i.p.) and received two bundles of electrode implantation, one into the CA1 and the other into the ACC, both in the right hemisphere. The coordinates for the ACC were anteroposterior (AP) 0.8 mm anterior ...
Electrical stimulation of neural tissue to evoke behavioral responses
... The last comprehensive review written on electrical stimulation was done by Ranck in 1975. Since this time there has been much new information about the currentdistance estimatesof neurons, the effect of tip size on the activation of neurons, and tissue damage due to stimulation. The goal of this re ...
... The last comprehensive review written on electrical stimulation was done by Ranck in 1975. Since this time there has been much new information about the currentdistance estimatesof neurons, the effect of tip size on the activation of neurons, and tissue damage due to stimulation. The goal of this re ...
Morphological Studies of Wobbler Mouse Dorsal Root Ganglia
... degeneration results in the denervation of skeletal muscles and eventually to progressive paralysis leading to respiratory arrest. Since first being described by Charcot in 1896, ALS has been investigated intensively and many cellular defects found in animal models have been suggested to cause these ...
... degeneration results in the denervation of skeletal muscles and eventually to progressive paralysis leading to respiratory arrest. Since first being described by Charcot in 1896, ALS has been investigated intensively and many cellular defects found in animal models have been suggested to cause these ...
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a
... mutilated without undergoing destruction of their physiological continuity is in the highest degree astounding”. Romanes coupled his physiological knowledge with the histological information on nerve-net structure to put forward this analogy of the motor nerve net: “…if the reader will imagine a dis ...
... mutilated without undergoing destruction of their physiological continuity is in the highest degree astounding”. Romanes coupled his physiological knowledge with the histological information on nerve-net structure to put forward this analogy of the motor nerve net: “…if the reader will imagine a dis ...