striatum
... Choreiform movements – irregular dancelike movements of the limbs and in facial muscles – loss of striatal medium spiny neurons, decrease in the size of the striatum, gliosis – ...
... Choreiform movements – irregular dancelike movements of the limbs and in facial muscles – loss of striatal medium spiny neurons, decrease in the size of the striatum, gliosis – ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... with each other, and therefore, it is difficult to understand, solely based on the known anatomical connections, how the information is processed in the basal ganglia. We propose that the basal ganglia have two ways to control movements using two kinds of output: 1) control over the thalamocortical ...
... with each other, and therefore, it is difficult to understand, solely based on the known anatomical connections, how the information is processed in the basal ganglia. We propose that the basal ganglia have two ways to control movements using two kinds of output: 1) control over the thalamocortical ...
Gustatory Processing in Drosophila Higher Brain Centers By
... was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation. These genetic studies, and many others like them, have produced profound insights into ...
... was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation. These genetic studies, and many others like them, have produced profound insights into ...
cortical input to the basal forebrain
... However, cholinergic projection neurons represent only a fraction of the total cell population in these forebrain areas, which also contain GABAergic and peptidergic neurons.9,32,86,98 In studies conducted in behaving monkeys, DeLong and co-workers67 and Rolls and colleagues68,90,91 found that basal ...
... However, cholinergic projection neurons represent only a fraction of the total cell population in these forebrain areas, which also contain GABAergic and peptidergic neurons.9,32,86,98 In studies conducted in behaving monkeys, DeLong and co-workers67 and Rolls and colleagues68,90,91 found that basal ...
Critical Time Window of Neuronal Cholesterol Synthesis during
... (Fünfschilling et al., 2007). Also in vitro, the cholesterol requirements depend on the neuronal subtype (Ko et al., 2005; Steinmetz et al., 2006). It is unknown to date which cell types account for the cholesterol synthesis in the developing brain and to which degree cholesterol flux between cells ...
... (Fünfschilling et al., 2007). Also in vitro, the cholesterol requirements depend on the neuronal subtype (Ko et al., 2005; Steinmetz et al., 2006). It is unknown to date which cell types account for the cholesterol synthesis in the developing brain and to which degree cholesterol flux between cells ...
Production of nerve growth factor by
... hippocampal cultures were exposed to conditioned media from vehicle (ctrl)- or Ab-treated astrocytes in the presence or absence of blocking antibodies to p75NTR (ap75). After 24 hr, tau phosphorylation was determined by Western blot. NGF represents the levels of tau phosphorylation in hippocampal ne ...
... hippocampal cultures were exposed to conditioned media from vehicle (ctrl)- or Ab-treated astrocytes in the presence or absence of blocking antibodies to p75NTR (ap75). After 24 hr, tau phosphorylation was determined by Western blot. NGF represents the levels of tau phosphorylation in hippocampal ne ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... Tissue preparation. Rats (180 –300 gm) were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and perfused through the ascending aorta with an ice-cold, oxygenated (low Na/high sucrose) perfusion solution (in mM: 1.9 KCl, 1.2 Na2HPO4, 6 MgCl2, 33 NaHCO3, 20 glucose, and 229 sucrose saturated with ...
... Tissue preparation. Rats (180 –300 gm) were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and perfused through the ascending aorta with an ice-cold, oxygenated (low Na/high sucrose) perfusion solution (in mM: 1.9 KCl, 1.2 Na2HPO4, 6 MgCl2, 33 NaHCO3, 20 glucose, and 229 sucrose saturated with ...
Sustained conditioned responses in prelimbic prefrontal neurons are
... Burst firing was also examined by measuring the percentage of spikes within bursts. As in our previous study (Burgos-Robles et al., 2007), a burst was defined as three or more consecutive spikes with an interspike interval of ⬍25 ms between the first two spikes and ⬍50 ms for subsequent spikes. This ...
... Burst firing was also examined by measuring the percentage of spikes within bursts. As in our previous study (Burgos-Robles et al., 2007), a burst was defined as three or more consecutive spikes with an interspike interval of ⬍25 ms between the first two spikes and ⬍50 ms for subsequent spikes. This ...
The Integrated Nature of Motor Cortical Function
... as an integrative cortical structure representing movements, not individual muscles. In the intervening decades, the pendulum of scientific perspectives swung toward the view that muscles are represented in the motor cortex. In particular, the detailed motor cortical maps of great apes derived by Le ...
... as an integrative cortical structure representing movements, not individual muscles. In the intervening decades, the pendulum of scientific perspectives swung toward the view that muscles are represented in the motor cortex. In particular, the detailed motor cortical maps of great apes derived by Le ...
Local network regulation of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus
... most common causes of health problems in modern society. Thus, the discovery that orexin (hypocretin) neurons play a pivotal role in sleep/wake regulation, energy balance, and consummatory behaviors has sparked immense interest in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of these neurons. The local n ...
... most common causes of health problems in modern society. Thus, the discovery that orexin (hypocretin) neurons play a pivotal role in sleep/wake regulation, energy balance, and consummatory behaviors has sparked immense interest in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of these neurons. The local n ...
REVIEW
... vomeronasal organ (if present) in the detection of and responses to pheromones as well as the utilization of the olfactory system in pheromonal detection has received much attention recently, and is becoming the subject of intense scienti®c inquiry. In humans, the olfactory system also appears to be ...
... vomeronasal organ (if present) in the detection of and responses to pheromones as well as the utilization of the olfactory system in pheromonal detection has received much attention recently, and is becoming the subject of intense scienti®c inquiry. In humans, the olfactory system also appears to be ...
Molecules and mechanisms of dendrite development in Drosophila
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi trafficking, or blocking cargo budding from the trans-Golgi network] lead to defects in dendritic growth and maintenance (Horton et al., 2005). The dependence of dendrite growth on Golgi outposts is also conserved in Drosophila. A forward genetic screen for mutati ...
... endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi trafficking, or blocking cargo budding from the trans-Golgi network] lead to defects in dendritic growth and maintenance (Horton et al., 2005). The dependence of dendrite growth on Golgi outposts is also conserved in Drosophila. A forward genetic screen for mutati ...
Response Differences in Monkey TE and Perirhinal Cortex: Stimulus
... three DMS trials. The monkeys used the cue’s relation to the reward schedule (indicated by the brightness) to adjust their behavioral performance. They performed most quickly and most accurately in trials in which reward was immediately forthcoming and progressively less well as more intermediate tr ...
... three DMS trials. The monkeys used the cue’s relation to the reward schedule (indicated by the brightness) to adjust their behavioral performance. They performed most quickly and most accurately in trials in which reward was immediately forthcoming and progressively less well as more intermediate tr ...
Structural and functional architecture of respiratory networks in the
... and KF, Kölliker –Fuse nucleus). The top schematic illustrates concentrations of excitatory neurons (red circles) and inhibitory neurons (blue circles) in different compartments (cVRG, rVRG, pre-BötC, BötC, RTN/pFRG and PRG). The schematic at the bottom presents a simplified structural view of th ...
... and KF, Kölliker –Fuse nucleus). The top schematic illustrates concentrations of excitatory neurons (red circles) and inhibitory neurons (blue circles) in different compartments (cVRG, rVRG, pre-BötC, BötC, RTN/pFRG and PRG). The schematic at the bottom presents a simplified structural view of th ...
Enhanced intrinsic excitability and EPSP
... in mediating E-S potentiation like effects in the DG, little is known about the impact of ...
... in mediating E-S potentiation like effects in the DG, little is known about the impact of ...
Document
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
Hypothalamic Regulation of Sleep
... Nambu et al. 1999). Because of the location of the hypocretin neurons in a region that has been implicated in feeding, this neuropeptide was initially thought to regulate appetite and energy metabolism (Sakurai et al. 1998). Application of hypocretin stimulates feeding (Dube et al. 1999; Sweet et al ...
... Nambu et al. 1999). Because of the location of the hypocretin neurons in a region that has been implicated in feeding, this neuropeptide was initially thought to regulate appetite and energy metabolism (Sakurai et al. 1998). Application of hypocretin stimulates feeding (Dube et al. 1999; Sweet et al ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... responses in early visual areas may reflect the incoming visual input, while the activity in at least some higher parts of cortex should strongly correlate with the subjective, perceptual experience. We have taken a unique opportunity to record the firing responses of neurons in the human brain. Sub ...
... responses in early visual areas may reflect the incoming visual input, while the activity in at least some higher parts of cortex should strongly correlate with the subjective, perceptual experience. We have taken a unique opportunity to record the firing responses of neurons in the human brain. Sub ...
On the Biological Plausibility of Grandmother Cells
... (and assessed) in terms of their biological plausibility, grandmother cells had best not be a joke. One response is to reject the assumption that cognitive models should be evaluated on biological criteria. According to Broadbent (1985), this is justified because neuroscience is only relevant at wha ...
... (and assessed) in terms of their biological plausibility, grandmother cells had best not be a joke. One response is to reject the assumption that cognitive models should be evaluated on biological criteria. According to Broadbent (1985), this is justified because neuroscience is only relevant at wha ...
A perceptual representation in the frontal eye field during covert
... monkey understood the rules of the task for these locations. Furthermore, the monkey’s ability to accurately associate the target stimulus with the correct lever-turn at all the other target positions (both left and right) strongly suggests that the monkey understood the task. The performance of mon ...
... monkey understood the rules of the task for these locations. Furthermore, the monkey’s ability to accurately associate the target stimulus with the correct lever-turn at all the other target positions (both left and right) strongly suggests that the monkey understood the task. The performance of mon ...
Event-Driven Simulation Scheme for Spiking Neural Networks Using
... is marked with the time instant when the source neuron fires the spike. The second one (the propagated event) is marked with the time instant when the spike reaches the target neuron. Most neurons have large synaptic divergences. In these cases, for each firing event, the simulation scheme produces ...
... is marked with the time instant when the source neuron fires the spike. The second one (the propagated event) is marked with the time instant when the spike reaches the target neuron. Most neurons have large synaptic divergences. In these cases, for each firing event, the simulation scheme produces ...