Event-Driven Simulation Scheme for Spiking Neural Networks Using
... is marked with the time instant when the source neuron fires the spike. The second one (the propagated event) is marked with the time instant when the spike reaches the target neuron. Most neurons have large synaptic divergences. In these cases, for each firing event, the simulation scheme produces ...
... is marked with the time instant when the source neuron fires the spike. The second one (the propagated event) is marked with the time instant when the spike reaches the target neuron. Most neurons have large synaptic divergences. In these cases, for each firing event, the simulation scheme produces ...
The neurophysiological correlates of motor tics following focal
... The wide band recorded extracellular data was split into high(neuronal spiking activity) and low-frequency activity (LFP) components using high- and low-pass filters, respectively. The action potentials of individual neurons were sorted offline (OfflineSorter V2.8.7, Plexon, Plano, TX, USA). Offline ...
... The wide band recorded extracellular data was split into high(neuronal spiking activity) and low-frequency activity (LFP) components using high- and low-pass filters, respectively. The action potentials of individual neurons were sorted offline (OfflineSorter V2.8.7, Plexon, Plano, TX, USA). Offline ...
Auto-structure of presynaptic activity defines postsynaptic firing
... on a binned version (bin-length: ∆t = 1 ms) of the original renewal process. Both process types (Gamma- and log-normal ) were parameterized by the product of the bin-length ∆t in units of seconds and the firing rate R in units of [ap/s] (see legend). Each estimation of the CV or Fano factor was base ...
... on a binned version (bin-length: ∆t = 1 ms) of the original renewal process. Both process types (Gamma- and log-normal ) were parameterized by the product of the bin-length ∆t in units of seconds and the firing rate R in units of [ap/s] (see legend). Each estimation of the CV or Fano factor was base ...
Fading memory and kernel properties of generic cortical microcircuit
... very short) time windows, regardless of the complexity of the input. In this case the domain D and range R consist of time-varying functions u(Æ), y(Æ) (with analog inputs and outputs), rather than of static character strings. If one excites a sufficiently complex recurrent circuit (or other medium) w ...
... very short) time windows, regardless of the complexity of the input. In this case the domain D and range R consist of time-varying functions u(Æ), y(Æ) (with analog inputs and outputs), rather than of static character strings. If one excites a sufficiently complex recurrent circuit (or other medium) w ...
c-Jun Expression in Adult Rat Dorsal Root
... influences may lead to different cell body responses to axotomy. For example, the differences in the CNS and PNS targets will determine which soluble factors are retrogradely transported to the cell body (3, 66). Retrograde transport of trophic factors from target neurons or glia is necessary to sup ...
... influences may lead to different cell body responses to axotomy. For example, the differences in the CNS and PNS targets will determine which soluble factors are retrogradely transported to the cell body (3, 66). Retrograde transport of trophic factors from target neurons or glia is necessary to sup ...
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... appears to correlate inversely with fiber density in the normal brain, suggesting that disease-associated fiber loss progresses at roughly equal rates throughout the cortex and that those regions that began with the fewest fibers are the first to become denuded of cholinergic input. The loss of fore ...
... appears to correlate inversely with fiber density in the normal brain, suggesting that disease-associated fiber loss progresses at roughly equal rates throughout the cortex and that those regions that began with the fewest fibers are the first to become denuded of cholinergic input. The loss of fore ...
Receptive Fields of Second-order Neurons in the Olfactory Bulb of
... These anatomical studies, which depend primarily on degeneration techniques, do not determine whether the spatial organization of afferent inputs is transferred intact across the glomerular synapses and is thus preserved at the level of the second-order cells in the olfactory bulb. Fortunately, elec ...
... These anatomical studies, which depend primarily on degeneration techniques, do not determine whether the spatial organization of afferent inputs is transferred intact across the glomerular synapses and is thus preserved at the level of the second-order cells in the olfactory bulb. Fortunately, elec ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... including crucially what needs to be modelled at the neuronal, mechanism, level, is as follows. Single neurons in the primate orbitofrontal cortex respond when an expected reward is not obtained, and behaviour must change. This was discovered by Thorpe et al. (1983), who found that 3.5% of neurons i ...
... including crucially what needs to be modelled at the neuronal, mechanism, level, is as follows. Single neurons in the primate orbitofrontal cortex respond when an expected reward is not obtained, and behaviour must change. This was discovered by Thorpe et al. (1983), who found that 3.5% of neurons i ...
neuronal coding of prediction errors
... strength, which are simply a function of the signal’s associability, a, and the magnitude of the reinforcer, k. Attentional theory protects against redundant learning by ensuring that the associability of a signal is low when the reinforcer is fully predicted. Thus, in the blocking procedure, less a ...
... strength, which are simply a function of the signal’s associability, a, and the magnitude of the reinforcer, k. Attentional theory protects against redundant learning by ensuring that the associability of a signal is low when the reinforcer is fully predicted. Thus, in the blocking procedure, less a ...
Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and
... activity, and respiratory activity. Furthermore, c-Fos expression occurs only after sustained stimulation of neurons and so this method cannot be used to identify cell populations activated by brief alerting stimuli. Nevertheless, even though many questions remain unanswered, recent studies have pro ...
... activity, and respiratory activity. Furthermore, c-Fos expression occurs only after sustained stimulation of neurons and so this method cannot be used to identify cell populations activated by brief alerting stimuli. Nevertheless, even though many questions remain unanswered, recent studies have pro ...
Development of the Nervous System of Carinina ochracea
... could be identified at each stage. Only signals that were consistent in several larvae are documented (Table 1). In many larvae, bilaterally occurring neural structures seem to display immunoreactivity slightly earlier on one side of the body than on the other. Cross reactivity of antibodies was not ...
... could be identified at each stage. Only signals that were consistent in several larvae are documented (Table 1). In many larvae, bilaterally occurring neural structures seem to display immunoreactivity slightly earlier on one side of the body than on the other. Cross reactivity of antibodies was not ...
Functional territories in primate substantia nigra pars reticulata
... However, the chosen motor action (e.g., reach and grasp) must be aimed at a valuable object (e.g., ripe apple). To obtain a reward, an animal must find the valuable object before executing the action (Hikosaka et al. 2013). For primates, the finding process heavily depends on visual information. Amo ...
... However, the chosen motor action (e.g., reach and grasp) must be aimed at a valuable object (e.g., ripe apple). To obtain a reward, an animal must find the valuable object before executing the action (Hikosaka et al. 2013). For primates, the finding process heavily depends on visual information. Amo ...
Axo-axonic synapses formed by somatostatin
... inhibitory effects may involve hyperpolarization and blockade of action potential firing (Miles et al., 1996) or may lead to changes in membrane conductance that reduce the amplitude of excitatory responses (Borg-Graham et al., 1998). Although, it is known for some time that interneurons are morphol ...
... inhibitory effects may involve hyperpolarization and blockade of action potential firing (Miles et al., 1996) or may lead to changes in membrane conductance that reduce the amplitude of excitatory responses (Borg-Graham et al., 1998). Although, it is known for some time that interneurons are morphol ...
Inactivation of Parietal and Prefrontal Cortex Reveals
... of these subpopulations were matched to a greater extent (Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 1998) than could be gleaned from independent studies of the two populations using similar, but not identical, tasks (Andersen et al. 1990b; Bruce and Goldberg 1985; Funahashi et al. 1989 –1991; Gnadt and Andersen 1988 ...
... of these subpopulations were matched to a greater extent (Chafee and Goldman-Rakic 1998) than could be gleaned from independent studies of the two populations using similar, but not identical, tasks (Andersen et al. 1990b; Bruce and Goldberg 1985; Funahashi et al. 1989 –1991; Gnadt and Andersen 1988 ...
Dr. Abeer Mahmoud - PNU-CS-AI
... Some numbers… The human brain contains about 10 billion nerve cells (neurons). Each neuron is connected to the others through 10000 synapses. Properties of the brain: It can learn, reorganize itself from experience. It adapts to the environment. ...
... Some numbers… The human brain contains about 10 billion nerve cells (neurons). Each neuron is connected to the others through 10000 synapses. Properties of the brain: It can learn, reorganize itself from experience. It adapts to the environment. ...
Study of the human hypoglossal nucleus: Normal development and
... motoneurons and interneurons are involved in the generation of excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potential during the different above-mentioned functions that require precise coordination of tongue movements. ...
... motoneurons and interneurons are involved in the generation of excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potential during the different above-mentioned functions that require precise coordination of tongue movements. ...
Introduction
... has been previously studied in the model of NGF deprivation-induced neuronal death,11 here we examined how XIAP is overcome in sympathetic neurons undergoing apoptosis with DNA damage. First we established that sympathetic neurons treated with DNA damaging agents undergo a cytochrome c and apoptosom ...
... has been previously studied in the model of NGF deprivation-induced neuronal death,11 here we examined how XIAP is overcome in sympathetic neurons undergoing apoptosis with DNA damage. First we established that sympathetic neurons treated with DNA damaging agents undergo a cytochrome c and apoptosom ...
Neural Correlates of Object-Associated Choice Behavior
... associated with individual objects at the population level, a population rastergram was constructed for each object stimulus by using all the neurons (n ⫽ 64) that were active in the pre-choice period. Each neuron’s firing rates in the population rastergram were normalized by the neuron’s maximal fi ...
... associated with individual objects at the population level, a population rastergram was constructed for each object stimulus by using all the neurons (n ⫽ 64) that were active in the pre-choice period. Each neuron’s firing rates in the population rastergram were normalized by the neuron’s maximal fi ...
Contextual Modulation of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons
... We recorded neuronal activity while animals were free to shift gaze around a visually stationary, dimly illuminated room during free periods and while animals made gaze shifts during a delayed saccade task. Free periods were unsignaled, always 2.3 s in duration, and were inserted randomly between 5 ...
... We recorded neuronal activity while animals were free to shift gaze around a visually stationary, dimly illuminated room during free periods and while animals made gaze shifts during a delayed saccade task. Free periods were unsignaled, always 2.3 s in duration, and were inserted randomly between 5 ...
Early Functional Impairment of Sensory-Motor Connectivity in a Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... showing sensory fibers in the ventral horn (B1), the location of VGluT1+ synapses (B2), and their colocalization in the merged image (B3). (C1 and C2) Transverse section from an SMA spinal cord as in (A1) and (A2). (D1–D3) Labeled sensory fibers (D1) and VGluT1+ synapses (D2) in the ventral horn (D3 ...
... showing sensory fibers in the ventral horn (B1), the location of VGluT1+ synapses (B2), and their colocalization in the merged image (B3). (C1 and C2) Transverse section from an SMA spinal cord as in (A1) and (A2). (D1–D3) Labeled sensory fibers (D1) and VGluT1+ synapses (D2) in the ventral horn (D3 ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... tmonoc, can vary widely and the effect is very strong for durations above 200 ms. A possible mechanism of suppression would be that the sudden change in stimulation to one eye could bias the competition between the two percepts due to a shift in attentional focus or to a motion/change signal. Howeve ...
... tmonoc, can vary widely and the effect is very strong for durations above 200 ms. A possible mechanism of suppression would be that the sudden change in stimulation to one eye could bias the competition between the two percepts due to a shift in attentional focus or to a motion/change signal. Howeve ...
Reduced Levels of Acetylcholine Receptor Expression in Chick
... sections from operated and control embryos during the labeling procedures, each slide contained three or four serial sections from both input-deprived and control ganglia. To establish the specificity of the labeling, a few slides from each experiment were processed as described above except that mA ...
... sections from operated and control embryos during the labeling procedures, each slide contained three or four serial sections from both input-deprived and control ganglia. To establish the specificity of the labeling, a few slides from each experiment were processed as described above except that mA ...