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... experienced sensory input in the cortex. Such experience-dependent plasticity depends on the presence of high levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the cortex prior to maturation. In an adult rat, we paired acoustic input with injections of Rolipram-a drug that increases cortical cAMP ...
... experienced sensory input in the cortex. Such experience-dependent plasticity depends on the presence of high levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the cortex prior to maturation. In an adult rat, we paired acoustic input with injections of Rolipram-a drug that increases cortical cAMP ...
Effects of uniform extracellular DC electric fields on excitability in rat
... C The Physiological Society 2004 ...
... C The Physiological Society 2004 ...
Multisensory Integration in the Ventral Intraparietal Area of the
... with the guidelines of European Community on Animal Care. Animals were prepared for chronic recording of eye position and single-neuron activity in VIP. A single surgery was induced with Zoletil 20 (6 mg/kg) and atropine (0.25 mg) and maintained under isoflurane anesthesia (2.5%). A search coil was ...
... with the guidelines of European Community on Animal Care. Animals were prepared for chronic recording of eye position and single-neuron activity in VIP. A single surgery was induced with Zoletil 20 (6 mg/kg) and atropine (0.25 mg) and maintained under isoflurane anesthesia (2.5%). A search coil was ...
the effects of microstimulation and microlesions in the ventral and
... within the caudal NRA, nor did unilateral transections 4.0 mm rostral to the obex alter respiratory rhythmicity greatly (Gromysz and Karczewski, 1980; Karczewski and Gromysz, 1980). However, similar lesions in the rostral NRA, the retrofacial nucleus, and the facial nucleus did alter respiratory rhy ...
... within the caudal NRA, nor did unilateral transections 4.0 mm rostral to the obex alter respiratory rhythmicity greatly (Gromysz and Karczewski, 1980; Karczewski and Gromysz, 1980). However, similar lesions in the rostral NRA, the retrofacial nucleus, and the facial nucleus did alter respiratory rhy ...
Development of the rat thalamus: VI. The posterior lobule of the
... embryos, fetuses, and young pups were analyzed in order to determine the time of origin, site of origin, migratory route, and settling pattern of neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate (LGD), ventral lateral geniculate (LGV), and lateral posterior (LP) nuclei of the thalamus. Quantitative examinat ...
... embryos, fetuses, and young pups were analyzed in order to determine the time of origin, site of origin, migratory route, and settling pattern of neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate (LGD), ventral lateral geniculate (LGV), and lateral posterior (LP) nuclei of the thalamus. Quantitative examinat ...
Complete morphologies of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in
... extensive networks. Each neuron consists of a number of components: a cell body, which contains the nucleus; numerous short protrusions from the cell body called dendrites; and a long thin structure called an axon that carries the electrical signals generated in the cell body and the dendrites to th ...
... extensive networks. Each neuron consists of a number of components: a cell body, which contains the nucleus; numerous short protrusions from the cell body called dendrites; and a long thin structure called an axon that carries the electrical signals generated in the cell body and the dendrites to th ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
... that in more than 60% of MCNs, axons arise from a dendrite rather than more conventionally from the soma [10,12]. These axon-bearing dendrites may not only be privileged in their ability to influence spiking initiation and overall neuronal output [13], but they could be in turn more efficiently affe ...
Functional neuroanatomy of the primate isocortical motor system
... parieto-frontal circuits. These circuits work in parallel and transform different aspects of sensory information into appropriate motor commands. The aim of this review is to give a concise overview of the anatomical and functional organization of the agranular frontal isocortex in macaques and to d ...
... parieto-frontal circuits. These circuits work in parallel and transform different aspects of sensory information into appropriate motor commands. The aim of this review is to give a concise overview of the anatomical and functional organization of the agranular frontal isocortex in macaques and to d ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... cytochrome oxidase to reveal thalamic cytoarchitecture (Land and Simons 1985; Wong-Riley 1979). The second series was processed for BDA as described before (Alloway et al. 1998; Kincaid and Wilson 1996). These sections were gently agitated in 0.3% H2O2 to reduce background enzymes and then in 0.1 M ...
... cytochrome oxidase to reveal thalamic cytoarchitecture (Land and Simons 1985; Wong-Riley 1979). The second series was processed for BDA as described before (Alloway et al. 1998; Kincaid and Wilson 1996). These sections were gently agitated in 0.3% H2O2 to reduce background enzymes and then in 0.1 M ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... arousal. DA-producing neurons are most abundant in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, yet cells in these regions fire in relation to movement or reward but, in general, have not been found to alter their rates of firing across sleep and wakefulness.79-82 Nevertheless, extracellular lev ...
... arousal. DA-producing neurons are most abundant in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, yet cells in these regions fire in relation to movement or reward but, in general, have not been found to alter their rates of firing across sleep and wakefulness.79-82 Nevertheless, extracellular lev ...
Do neurons have a reserve of sodium channels for the generation of
... remarkable surplus of sodium channels. The surplus, however, is necessary for repetitive action potential ®ring, as every decrease in the fraction of sodium channels reduces the maximal frequency of action potentials that can be generated by the neuron. ...
... remarkable surplus of sodium channels. The surplus, however, is necessary for repetitive action potential ®ring, as every decrease in the fraction of sodium channels reduces the maximal frequency of action potentials that can be generated by the neuron. ...
Purves chs. 15, 19 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... motor neuron pools innervating muscles located progressively more laterally in the body. Neurons that innervate the muscles of the shoulders (or pelvis, if one were to look at a similar section in the lumbar enlargement; see Figure 15.2) are the next most lateral group, whereas those that innervate ...
... motor neuron pools innervating muscles located progressively more laterally in the body. Neurons that innervate the muscles of the shoulders (or pelvis, if one were to look at a similar section in the lumbar enlargement; see Figure 15.2) are the next most lateral group, whereas those that innervate ...
Changes in Intracellular pH Associated with Glutamate Excitotoxicity
... unable to calculate H+ flux rates. In order to compare the rates of recovery from internal acidification under different experimental conditions, an empirical measure of the rate of rise of the ratio values (in ratio units/min) was tabulated from all data points collected following removal of the ac ...
... unable to calculate H+ flux rates. In order to compare the rates of recovery from internal acidification under different experimental conditions, an empirical measure of the rate of rise of the ratio values (in ratio units/min) was tabulated from all data points collected following removal of the ac ...
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... but not for metameric dorsal root gangliogenesis. We now expand these results to show that Nrp2 patterns initial motor axon outgrowth as well. Later, Nrp1/Sema3A signaling is essential for segmental dorsal root gangliogenesis and motor axonal fasciculation into ventral roots. Strikingly, Nrp/Sema si ...
... but not for metameric dorsal root gangliogenesis. We now expand these results to show that Nrp2 patterns initial motor axon outgrowth as well. Later, Nrp1/Sema3A signaling is essential for segmental dorsal root gangliogenesis and motor axonal fasciculation into ventral roots. Strikingly, Nrp/Sema si ...
Glucose-sensing neurons: Are they physiologically relevant?
... sense and respond to changes in glucose levels. The efferent aspects of the central nervous system response to hypoglycemia are relatively well understood. In addition, it is accepted that the brain regulates food intake and energy balance. Obesity and diabetes both result from and cause alterations ...
... sense and respond to changes in glucose levels. The efferent aspects of the central nervous system response to hypoglycemia are relatively well understood. In addition, it is accepted that the brain regulates food intake and energy balance. Obesity and diabetes both result from and cause alterations ...
Neurally Plausible Model of Robot Reaching Inspired by Infant
... inputs during our weekly meetings. I appreciate that he would always answer my questions and correct my mistakes without judgment. Also, I would like to thank the members of my Ph.D. committee, Dr. Daniela Corbetta, Dr. James Plank and Dr. Lynne Parker, for their valuable and constructive feedback o ...
... inputs during our weekly meetings. I appreciate that he would always answer my questions and correct my mistakes without judgment. Also, I would like to thank the members of my Ph.D. committee, Dr. Daniela Corbetta, Dr. James Plank and Dr. Lynne Parker, for their valuable and constructive feedback o ...
cellular mechanisms of classical and operant conditioning A model
... A fundamental problem in neuroscience is to understand events occurring within individual neurons and within networks that contribute to learning and memory. For example, what cellular processes detect the coincidence between stimuli during classical conditioning, or between behavior and consequence ...
... A fundamental problem in neuroscience is to understand events occurring within individual neurons and within networks that contribute to learning and memory. For example, what cellular processes detect the coincidence between stimuli during classical conditioning, or between behavior and consequence ...
Kobayashi S, Kawagoe R, Takikawa Y, Koizumi M, Sakagami M
... LPFC. We recorded CD activity of presumed projection neurons, which show very low spontaneous activity, but not of presumed interneurons, which show irregular tonic activity (Aosaki et al. 1994). Data collection and analysis Conventional extracellular single-unit recording was conducted. We sampled ...
... LPFC. We recorded CD activity of presumed projection neurons, which show very low spontaneous activity, but not of presumed interneurons, which show irregular tonic activity (Aosaki et al. 1994). Data collection and analysis Conventional extracellular single-unit recording was conducted. We sampled ...
Intrinsic laminar lattice connections in primate visual cortex
... The dendritic spread of these neurons is visible over about 200 pn, a figure commensurate with the cross-sectional width of the labeled patches. HRP-positive neurons occur both in the center and near the edges of a labeled zone, with some bias toward the center. In radially cut sections, axon fibers ...
... The dendritic spread of these neurons is visible over about 200 pn, a figure commensurate with the cross-sectional width of the labeled patches. HRP-positive neurons occur both in the center and near the edges of a labeled zone, with some bias toward the center. In radially cut sections, axon fibers ...
Axo-axonic synapses formed by somatostatin
... Received 16 February 2001; Revised 18 May 2001; Accepted 25 June 2001 Published online the week of December 17, 2001 ...
... Received 16 February 2001; Revised 18 May 2001; Accepted 25 June 2001 Published online the week of December 17, 2001 ...
kbook or W NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
... Can we use what we know to control someone else’s brain? How likely is it that once we know exactly how the brain functions that we will be able to control another person’s brain? It sounds like science fiction, but we can actually do it right now, even with the limited knowledge we have. Transcrani ...
... Can we use what we know to control someone else’s brain? How likely is it that once we know exactly how the brain functions that we will be able to control another person’s brain? It sounds like science fiction, but we can actually do it right now, even with the limited knowledge we have. Transcrani ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.