Unit 4 proteins
... 4.1 Proteins as Biotechnology Products • Proteins – large molecules that are required for the structure, function, and regulation of living cells • 2000 NIH launched Protein Structure Initiative – Effort to identify the structure of human proteins – 2010 began using high throughput structure determ ...
... 4.1 Proteins as Biotechnology Products • Proteins – large molecules that are required for the structure, function, and regulation of living cells • 2000 NIH launched Protein Structure Initiative – Effort to identify the structure of human proteins – 2010 began using high throughput structure determ ...
Phosphoproteomics reveals extensive in vivo phosphorylation of
... conserved phosphorylation site was found in most of the phosphoproteins, including the SR proteins, suggesting that these proteins are targeted by the same or a highly related protein kinase. To test this hypothesis, Arabidopsis SR protein-specific kinase 4 (SRPK4) that was initially identified as a ...
... conserved phosphorylation site was found in most of the phosphoproteins, including the SR proteins, suggesting that these proteins are targeted by the same or a highly related protein kinase. To test this hypothesis, Arabidopsis SR protein-specific kinase 4 (SRPK4) that was initially identified as a ...
Evaluation of Different Solvent Types on the Extraction of
... environmental conditions (Duong et al., 2015). These tiny microorganisms can even survive in harsh environments (Mata et al., 2010) such as saturated saline (Kumar et al., 2011), coastal seawater, brackish water, seawater as well as wastewater (Dragone et al., 2010) and in (Kumar et al., 2015). Prev ...
... environmental conditions (Duong et al., 2015). These tiny microorganisms can even survive in harsh environments (Mata et al., 2010) such as saturated saline (Kumar et al., 2011), coastal seawater, brackish water, seawater as well as wastewater (Dragone et al., 2010) and in (Kumar et al., 2015). Prev ...
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... results were interpreted in the context of the docking results. The results suggest that an extended surface along the active site cleft is involved in binding of a protein substrate. Furthermore, it appears that a number of hydrophobic and aromatic residues are important for interacting with Z-QG, ...
... results were interpreted in the context of the docking results. The results suggest that an extended surface along the active site cleft is involved in binding of a protein substrate. Furthermore, it appears that a number of hydrophobic and aromatic residues are important for interacting with Z-QG, ...
Lipids affect the function of membrane proteins
... Laganowsky is extending his work on the ammonia channel and investigating how lipids affect its interaction with the soluble, regulatory protein GlnK. Both the head group and the tail can independently influence the protein-protein interaction. For example, when he tested lipids with 12-, 14-, or 16-c ...
... Laganowsky is extending his work on the ammonia channel and investigating how lipids affect its interaction with the soluble, regulatory protein GlnK. Both the head group and the tail can independently influence the protein-protein interaction. For example, when he tested lipids with 12-, 14-, or 16-c ...
Hitting the Sweet Spot-Glycans as Targets of Fungal Defense
... fruit of the West African rain forest shrub Thaumatococcus daniellii. According to the available structures of several plant representatives of this protein family, the polypeptide is folded into three domains, the largest forming a lectin-like β-barrel. The thaumatin fold is stabilized, similar to ...
... fruit of the West African rain forest shrub Thaumatococcus daniellii. According to the available structures of several plant representatives of this protein family, the polypeptide is folded into three domains, the largest forming a lectin-like β-barrel. The thaumatin fold is stabilized, similar to ...
The archaeal origins of the eukaryotic translational system
... segmental structure associated uniquely to one, two or all three of the phylodomains (Vishwanath et al. 2004) (Figure 3). Critically, the current analyses show that eukaryotic homologous proteins contain only the archaeal-specific blocks and no bacterial-specific blocks, with the possible but unclea ...
... segmental structure associated uniquely to one, two or all three of the phylodomains (Vishwanath et al. 2004) (Figure 3). Critically, the current analyses show that eukaryotic homologous proteins contain only the archaeal-specific blocks and no bacterial-specific blocks, with the possible but unclea ...
Heterotrimeric G Protein–Coupled Signaling in Plants
... pocket and hydrolyze GTP (90). Most important for the explanation of why plant Gα subunits are self-activating, the nucleotide-binding pocket is located between these two domains (Figure 1c). The overall structure of the Arabidopsis Gα subunit (AtGPA1) is highly similar to the previously reported st ...
... pocket and hydrolyze GTP (90). Most important for the explanation of why plant Gα subunits are self-activating, the nucleotide-binding pocket is located between these two domains (Figure 1c). The overall structure of the Arabidopsis Gα subunit (AtGPA1) is highly similar to the previously reported st ...
Protein kinase inhibition: natural and synthetic variations on a theme
... cores but also of the cores plus their regulatory domains, a variety of motifs for regulation have been identified. These examples, summarized below, not only provide a foundation for thinking more broadly about the molecular features that regulate each kinase, but also provide wide latitude for dev ...
... cores but also of the cores plus their regulatory domains, a variety of motifs for regulation have been identified. These examples, summarized below, not only provide a foundation for thinking more broadly about the molecular features that regulate each kinase, but also provide wide latitude for dev ...
2_5 Slides
... How are you going to make sure it is a fair test (control variables)? • What variables other than your independent variable could affect the results? • Why would these variables affect the results? • How will you ensure each is kept constant and monitored? • What level should they be kept constant a ...
... How are you going to make sure it is a fair test (control variables)? • What variables other than your independent variable could affect the results? • Why would these variables affect the results? • How will you ensure each is kept constant and monitored? • What level should they be kept constant a ...
Sorting of proteins to vacuoles in plant cells
... to be larger and in a more central location in cells, δ-TIP vacuoles are smaller and more frequently localized in the cell periphery, in some cases immediately beneath the plasma membrane (unpublished data). Some of these δ-TIP vacuoles also contain protein labeled with anti-arabinogalactan antibodi ...
... to be larger and in a more central location in cells, δ-TIP vacuoles are smaller and more frequently localized in the cell periphery, in some cases immediately beneath the plasma membrane (unpublished data). Some of these δ-TIP vacuoles also contain protein labeled with anti-arabinogalactan antibodi ...
Introduction - ART
... Figure 1. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (1) Activation ofubiquitin by the ubiquitinactivating enzyme, E1. (2) Transfer of the activated ubiquitin moiety to a member of the Ubiquitin carrier protein (ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes; Ubc's) family of enzymes, E2. (3) Transfer of activated ubiquitin ...
... Figure 1. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (1) Activation ofubiquitin by the ubiquitinactivating enzyme, E1. (2) Transfer of the activated ubiquitin moiety to a member of the Ubiquitin carrier protein (ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes; Ubc's) family of enzymes, E2. (3) Transfer of activated ubiquitin ...
Repeat proteins challenge the concept of structural domains
... correlate with biological activities and many modern proteins can be described as composed by novel ‘domain arrangements’ [2]. For globular proteins, this fact facilitates the description, evolution and construction of single amino acid chains that comprise a set of integrated biological functions, ...
... correlate with biological activities and many modern proteins can be described as composed by novel ‘domain arrangements’ [2]. For globular proteins, this fact facilitates the description, evolution and construction of single amino acid chains that comprise a set of integrated biological functions, ...
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... of the APC/C substrates geminin, Plk1, and securinDD (Figure 1E). Moreover, injection of ubi-R11 into X. tropicalis embryos delays early cell divisions and results in death of injected embryos before gastrulation (Figures 1F and 1G). These phenotypes are less dramatic but similar to those observed a ...
... of the APC/C substrates geminin, Plk1, and securinDD (Figure 1E). Moreover, injection of ubi-R11 into X. tropicalis embryos delays early cell divisions and results in death of injected embryos before gastrulation (Figures 1F and 1G). These phenotypes are less dramatic but similar to those observed a ...
Two-step and one-step secretion mechanisms in Gram
... occupy the P1 to P4 sites/pockets, as mentioned above, whereas after DSE the incoming Nte hydrophobic residues (termed P2 to P5 residues) occupy sites/pockets P2 to P5 of the groove (Figures 2A and 2B). The subunit fold is now a canonical Igfold, since the Nte strand runs anti-parallel to the subuni ...
... occupy the P1 to P4 sites/pockets, as mentioned above, whereas after DSE the incoming Nte hydrophobic residues (termed P2 to P5 residues) occupy sites/pockets P2 to P5 of the groove (Figures 2A and 2B). The subunit fold is now a canonical Igfold, since the Nte strand runs anti-parallel to the subuni ...
Lecture 24
... product is used for translation. The PCR template has the sequence encoding the protein of interest, a T7 bacteriophage-derived promoter, a ribosome binding sequence for translation initiation, like a Shine-Dalgarno or Kozak sequence, an N- or C-terminal tag sequence and termination sequences. This ...
... product is used for translation. The PCR template has the sequence encoding the protein of interest, a T7 bacteriophage-derived promoter, a ribosome binding sequence for translation initiation, like a Shine-Dalgarno or Kozak sequence, an N- or C-terminal tag sequence and termination sequences. This ...
putative mineral-specific proteins synthesized by a
... minerals goethite (FeOOH) and diaspore (AlOOH) were used in the BFM experiments. These minerals were selected because they are isostructural and have very similar surface properties (for example, surface charge and hydrophobicity), but only goethite can be used as a terminal electron acceptor for re ...
... minerals goethite (FeOOH) and diaspore (AlOOH) were used in the BFM experiments. These minerals were selected because they are isostructural and have very similar surface properties (for example, surface charge and hydrophobicity), but only goethite can be used as a terminal electron acceptor for re ...
Bioremediation of Various Explosive Contaminants
... NDAB, nitrous oxide, ammonium, formaldehyde and carbon dioxide ...
... NDAB, nitrous oxide, ammonium, formaldehyde and carbon dioxide ...
Cis-elements of protein transport to the plant vacuoles
... can also function in a C-terminal propeptide and targets proteins in a receptor-mediated manner to a lytic vacuole. Binding to a family of putative sorting receptors for sequence-specific vacuolar sorting signals has been used as an assay to identify further peptides with other binding motifs. No mo ...
... can also function in a C-terminal propeptide and targets proteins in a receptor-mediated manner to a lytic vacuole. Binding to a family of putative sorting receptors for sequence-specific vacuolar sorting signals has been used as an assay to identify further peptides with other binding motifs. No mo ...
Saito et al, 2009 - The EMBO Journal
... complex binds Sar1 by direct interaction of Sec23 with Sar1GTP. This forms the first of two layers of coat proteins on the cytoplasmic surface of the ER (Bi et al, 2002). In this prebudding complex, Sec24 is thought to be key for the binding and concentration of transmembrane (TM) cargoes that conta ...
... complex binds Sar1 by direct interaction of Sec23 with Sar1GTP. This forms the first of two layers of coat proteins on the cytoplasmic surface of the ER (Bi et al, 2002). In this prebudding complex, Sec24 is thought to be key for the binding and concentration of transmembrane (TM) cargoes that conta ...
Dissecting the function of Atg1 complex in Dictyostelium autophagy
... changes in the activity of endogenous TKT activity in strains lacking or overexpressing Atg1, suggesting the presence of an unsuspected regulatory pathway between autophagy and the pentose phosphate pathway in Dictyostelium that seems to be conserved in mammalian cells. ...
... changes in the activity of endogenous TKT activity in strains lacking or overexpressing Atg1, suggesting the presence of an unsuspected regulatory pathway between autophagy and the pentose phosphate pathway in Dictyostelium that seems to be conserved in mammalian cells. ...
Plant Cell
... 2007) indicated that although At2g25625 expression was barely detectable in young tissues, its expression was greatly induced by abiotic stress and senescence during extensive chloroplast degradation (Hörtensteiner, 2006; Martínez et al., 2008b). Therefore, we surmised that the gene could play a rol ...
... 2007) indicated that although At2g25625 expression was barely detectable in young tissues, its expression was greatly induced by abiotic stress and senescence during extensive chloroplast degradation (Hörtensteiner, 2006; Martínez et al., 2008b). Therefore, we surmised that the gene could play a rol ...
Stress-Induced Chloroplast Degradation in
... 2007) indicated that although At2g25625 expression was barely detectable in young tissues, its expression was greatly induced by abiotic stress and senescence during extensive chloroplast degradation (Hörtensteiner, 2006; Martínez et al., 2008b). Therefore, we surmised that the gene could play a rol ...
... 2007) indicated that although At2g25625 expression was barely detectable in young tissues, its expression was greatly induced by abiotic stress and senescence during extensive chloroplast degradation (Hörtensteiner, 2006; Martínez et al., 2008b). Therefore, we surmised that the gene could play a rol ...
Solubility-enhancing proteins MBP and NusA play a passive role in
... soluble, but this property does not entirely account for their ability to promote the solubility of their fusion partners. It is still uncertain how solubility-enhancing proteins work. Several models have been put forth. One model posits that solubility enhancers exert their eVects by forming large ...
... soluble, but this property does not entirely account for their ability to promote the solubility of their fusion partners. It is still uncertain how solubility-enhancing proteins work. Several models have been put forth. One model posits that solubility enhancers exert their eVects by forming large ...
... The α-helices are in magenta, the β-sheets are in gold, the fluorophore is in cyan, and the random coils are in white. The β-sheets form an almost perfect cylinder with the fluorophore being located in nearly the geometric center. The random α-helices at the top form a lid for the structure. This co ...
Proteasome
Proteasomes are protein complexes inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria. The main function of the proteasome is to degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.