Structure and function of tomato disease resistance proteins van
... (McHale et al., 2006). All NB-LRR proteins are believed to act intracellularly. A more limited number of R proteins acts extracellularly and they contain a predicted extracellular LRR (eLRR) domain at their N-terminus. This eLRR is connected via a transmembrane domain to a variable cytoplasmic C-ter ...
... (McHale et al., 2006). All NB-LRR proteins are believed to act intracellularly. A more limited number of R proteins acts extracellularly and they contain a predicted extracellular LRR (eLRR) domain at their N-terminus. This eLRR is connected via a transmembrane domain to a variable cytoplasmic C-ter ...
Human Diseases Associated with Form and Function of the Golgi
... and subsequently exports these same proteins to the endosomal-lysosomal system and the cell surface. During transit through the Golgi complex key modifications are made to most proteins, including changes to their glycosylation profile, sulfation, phosphorylation, and also proteolytic cleavage. As s ...
... and subsequently exports these same proteins to the endosomal-lysosomal system and the cell surface. During transit through the Golgi complex key modifications are made to most proteins, including changes to their glycosylation profile, sulfation, phosphorylation, and also proteolytic cleavage. As s ...
SMN, the Product of the Spinal Muscular Atrophy Gene, Binds
... gene (SMN) is present as an inverted repeat on chromosome 5 at 5q13, and over 98% of SMA patients have deletions or mutations of the telomeric copy of the gene (SMN1), resulting in lower levels of SMN protein (Lefebvre et al., 1995) and reviewed in (Burghes, 1997). The SMN protein is found in all me ...
... gene (SMN) is present as an inverted repeat on chromosome 5 at 5q13, and over 98% of SMA patients have deletions or mutations of the telomeric copy of the gene (SMN1), resulting in lower levels of SMN protein (Lefebvre et al., 1995) and reviewed in (Burghes, 1997). The SMN protein is found in all me ...
Enzyme
... with each molecule moving separately If not immobilized the enzyme can move too, however enzymes tend be larger than the substrate(s) and therefore move more slowly Collisions are the result of the random movements of both substrate and enzyme The substrate may be at any angle to the active site whe ...
... with each molecule moving separately If not immobilized the enzyme can move too, however enzymes tend be larger than the substrate(s) and therefore move more slowly Collisions are the result of the random movements of both substrate and enzyme The substrate may be at any angle to the active site whe ...
The Amino Terminus of Gαz is Required for Receptor Recognition
... al., 1997). To determine whether the N-terminus is required for receptor coupling, a reversed chimera tz36, an G␣t1 subunit with the C-terminal 36 residues of G␣z (Fig. 1A, the third construct), was constructed and examined for its ability to couple to DOR. In this assay system, tz36 did not release ...
... al., 1997). To determine whether the N-terminus is required for receptor coupling, a reversed chimera tz36, an G␣t1 subunit with the C-terminal 36 residues of G␣z (Fig. 1A, the third construct), was constructed and examined for its ability to couple to DOR. In this assay system, tz36 did not release ...
Pvlea-18, a Member of a New Late-Embryogenesis
... The results in Figure 1c show that even 50 mg of GST was unable to block the detection of the 14-kD protein, indicating that the detected protein was not related to GST. Therefore, we can conclude that the antibodies specifically recognized the PvLEA-18 protein. As indicated above, the immunodetecte ...
... The results in Figure 1c show that even 50 mg of GST was unable to block the detection of the 14-kD protein, indicating that the detected protein was not related to GST. Therefore, we can conclude that the antibodies specifically recognized the PvLEA-18 protein. As indicated above, the immunodetecte ...
Proposal for an enhanced, yeast
... the presence of paraoxon, hydrolysis products p-nitrophenol (PNP) and diethyl-phosphate (DEP) will be further degraded via the PNP operon from Pseudomonas ENV2030 and genes PhoA and Pde, respectively (Figure 2). The final reaction products can be used as metabolites, allowing S. cerevisiae to subsis ...
... the presence of paraoxon, hydrolysis products p-nitrophenol (PNP) and diethyl-phosphate (DEP) will be further degraded via the PNP operon from Pseudomonas ENV2030 and genes PhoA and Pde, respectively (Figure 2). The final reaction products can be used as metabolites, allowing S. cerevisiae to subsis ...
Advances in affinity purification mass spectrometry of
... mostly used by the splicing field to keep spliceosomal activity intact after cell breakage, and often this was achieved with a pestle and mortar cooled with liquid N2 or a coffee grinder, grinding frozen cell material [22]. In recent years, more sophisticated equipment such as cryomills have been us ...
... mostly used by the splicing field to keep spliceosomal activity intact after cell breakage, and often this was achieved with a pestle and mortar cooled with liquid N2 or a coffee grinder, grinding frozen cell material [22]. In recent years, more sophisticated equipment such as cryomills have been us ...
A Cyanobacterial Chlorophyll Synthase-HliD
... enzyme of chlorophyll biosynthesis, chlorophyll synthase (ChlG), was tagged in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) and used as bait in pull-down experiments. We retrieved an enzymatically active complex comprising ChlG and the high-light-inducible protein HliD, which associates ...
... enzyme of chlorophyll biosynthesis, chlorophyll synthase (ChlG), was tagged in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) and used as bait in pull-down experiments. We retrieved an enzymatically active complex comprising ChlG and the high-light-inducible protein HliD, which associates ...
Evolutionary Gain of Function for the ER Membrane
... (Goldshmidt et al., 2008; Zimmerman and Blatch, 2009). In mammalian cells, the lumenal Hsp70 immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein (BiP) and a so far unidentified Hsp40 are also involved in cotranslational protein import into the organelle (Dierks et al., 1996; Hamman et al., 1998; Tyedmers et ...
... (Goldshmidt et al., 2008; Zimmerman and Blatch, 2009). In mammalian cells, the lumenal Hsp70 immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein (BiP) and a so far unidentified Hsp40 are also involved in cotranslational protein import into the organelle (Dierks et al., 1996; Hamman et al., 1998; Tyedmers et ...
ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) transport systems: Functional and
... and two GTP-binding proteins (p21ras , elongation factor Tu) [30], and that of adenylate kinase only [1], respectively. According to these predictions, the consensus fragment of all ABC domains (approx. 250 residues) is folded in an alternating series of six K-helical subdomains and ¢ve L-strands. T ...
... and two GTP-binding proteins (p21ras , elongation factor Tu) [30], and that of adenylate kinase only [1], respectively. According to these predictions, the consensus fragment of all ABC domains (approx. 250 residues) is folded in an alternating series of six K-helical subdomains and ¢ve L-strands. T ...
Chlamydia effector proteins and new insights into chlamydial
... transport system used by Gram-negative bacteria to translocate proteins into the cytoplasm of the host cell. Therefore, it is commonly accepted that many chlamydial effector proteins will be targets of TTS. It should be noted that chlamydial effector proteins can also access the cytoplasm of infecte ...
... transport system used by Gram-negative bacteria to translocate proteins into the cytoplasm of the host cell. Therefore, it is commonly accepted that many chlamydial effector proteins will be targets of TTS. It should be noted that chlamydial effector proteins can also access the cytoplasm of infecte ...
Folding quality control in the export of proteins by the
... What are the two known prerequisites necessary for the translocation of a protein through the Tat pathway? ...
... What are the two known prerequisites necessary for the translocation of a protein through the Tat pathway? ...
Ubiquitin-Proteasome Dependent Regulation of
... failed to accumulate GLK1 protein, suggesting that plastid signals directly regulate the accumulation of GLK1 protein in a GUN1-independent manner. Treatment of the glk1glk2 mutant expressing functional GFP-GLK1 with a proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, induced the accumulation of polyubiquitinated GFP-G ...
... failed to accumulate GLK1 protein, suggesting that plastid signals directly regulate the accumulation of GLK1 protein in a GUN1-independent manner. Treatment of the glk1glk2 mutant expressing functional GFP-GLK1 with a proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, induced the accumulation of polyubiquitinated GFP-G ...
Alterations in oxidative phosphorylation complex proteins in the
... observed protection. Consistent with this hypothesis were several studies demonstrating that MKK6 transgenic mouse hearts showed increased expression of protective, known p38-regulated proteins (10, 25). However, it is also possible that many other proteins that are not currently known to be p38 reg ...
... observed protection. Consistent with this hypothesis were several studies demonstrating that MKK6 transgenic mouse hearts showed increased expression of protective, known p38-regulated proteins (10, 25). However, it is also possible that many other proteins that are not currently known to be p38 reg ...
powerpoint
... • BUT....enzyme altered and substrates are modified disaccharides • What about Protein Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 4, 327-331, April 1999? D52E....inactive • D52S lysozyme with no negative charge at the 52 site (Hashimoto et al., 1996) retained more detectable activity (as much as 2% of the wild-type ...
... • BUT....enzyme altered and substrates are modified disaccharides • What about Protein Engineering, Vol. 12, No. 4, 327-331, April 1999? D52E....inactive • D52S lysozyme with no negative charge at the 52 site (Hashimoto et al., 1996) retained more detectable activity (as much as 2% of the wild-type ...
The rhythm of protein synthesis does not depend on oscillations of
... Every 10 min a coverslip with a cell monolayer was taken from the dish with medium and incubated for 10 min with tritiated leucine (25 ^Ci/ml, specific activity 75 Ci/mmol). After 10 min of incubation the cells were washed several times with cold (4°C) medium containing an excess of unlabeled leucin ...
... Every 10 min a coverslip with a cell monolayer was taken from the dish with medium and incubated for 10 min with tritiated leucine (25 ^Ci/ml, specific activity 75 Ci/mmol). After 10 min of incubation the cells were washed several times with cold (4°C) medium containing an excess of unlabeled leucin ...
Purification, Identification and Characterisation of - DORAS
... with longer overall and disease-free survival (Ariga et al. 2001; Kelly et al. 1998). Seprase activity is most often assessed by zymography, which is not a quantitative assay, but can be assessed qualitatively by measuring the release of gelatin fragments from radiolabelled gelatin (Kelly, 1999). It ...
... with longer overall and disease-free survival (Ariga et al. 2001; Kelly et al. 1998). Seprase activity is most often assessed by zymography, which is not a quantitative assay, but can be assessed qualitatively by measuring the release of gelatin fragments from radiolabelled gelatin (Kelly, 1999). It ...
Functional Anthology of Intrinsic Disorder. 1. Biological Processes
... divided into two groups, random coil-like and pre-molten globule-like conformations.7 Recently, more than 150 proteins have been identified as containing functional disordered regions, or being completely disordered, yet performing vital cellular roles.8,9 Twenty-eight separate functions were assign ...
... divided into two groups, random coil-like and pre-molten globule-like conformations.7 Recently, more than 150 proteins have been identified as containing functional disordered regions, or being completely disordered, yet performing vital cellular roles.8,9 Twenty-eight separate functions were assign ...
The Generic Nature of Protein Folding and Misfolding
... folding process (Matouschek et al., 1989; Fersht, 1999, 2000; Vendruscolo et al., 2001). The results of a wide range of studies suggest that the fundamental mechanism of folding can be described as “nucleation-condensation,” in which a folding nucleus of a small number of residues forms, about which ...
... folding process (Matouschek et al., 1989; Fersht, 1999, 2000; Vendruscolo et al., 2001). The results of a wide range of studies suggest that the fundamental mechanism of folding can be described as “nucleation-condensation,” in which a folding nucleus of a small number of residues forms, about which ...
View Full PDF - Essays in Biochemistry
... converted into pyruvate. The processing of the AdoMetDC pro-enzyme has been shown to be stimulated by putrescine, which also has a direct stimulatory effect on the catalytic activity of the enzyme [18]. Mammalian AdoMetDC is also highly regulated and its turnover is very fast. Like mammalian ODC, Ad ...
... converted into pyruvate. The processing of the AdoMetDC pro-enzyme has been shown to be stimulated by putrescine, which also has a direct stimulatory effect on the catalytic activity of the enzyme [18]. Mammalian AdoMetDC is also highly regulated and its turnover is very fast. Like mammalian ODC, Ad ...
Bioinformatics: Network Analysis Comparative Network Analysis Luay Nakhleh, Rice University
... Consider now the case of data on two species 1 and 2, denoted throughout by an appropriate superscript ...
... Consider now the case of data on two species 1 and 2, denoted throughout by an appropriate superscript ...
Antioxidative Activities of Hydrolysates from Duck Egg White Using
... enzymes treatment) and lane un (without enzymes treatment) were all through heat process. Lane dw was fresh duck egg white without heat. ...
... enzymes treatment) and lane un (without enzymes treatment) were all through heat process. Lane dw was fresh duck egg white without heat. ...
Auxin Action in a Cell
... does not regulate proline hydroxylation (data not shown). Alternatively, it is possible that a novel prolyl hydroxylase that is not affected by these compounds is involved in auxin response. To further investigate the role of proline hydroxylation in auxin response, we synthesized three peptides enc ...
... does not regulate proline hydroxylation (data not shown). Alternatively, it is possible that a novel prolyl hydroxylase that is not affected by these compounds is involved in auxin response. To further investigate the role of proline hydroxylation in auxin response, we synthesized three peptides enc ...
Hitting the Target: Emerging Technologies in the Search for Kinase
... If gene expression and protein translation represent the musicians and instruments of a cellular symphony, then posttranslational modification of proteins should be considered the conductor. Aside from containing sequences necessary for three-dimensional folding into domains, many proteins have evol ...
... If gene expression and protein translation represent the musicians and instruments of a cellular symphony, then posttranslational modification of proteins should be considered the conductor. Aside from containing sequences necessary for three-dimensional folding into domains, many proteins have evol ...
Proteasome
Proteasomes are protein complexes inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria. The main function of the proteasome is to degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.