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... Fig. 1. Challenges of optogenetically targeting cells outside of the brain. (A) Wide variations in ex- Strategies that use gene therapy viral vecpression of opsin proteins, tissue structure, and the mechanical environment of the peripheral nervous sys- tors to deliver DNA are more tractable tem may ...
... Fig. 1. Challenges of optogenetically targeting cells outside of the brain. (A) Wide variations in ex- Strategies that use gene therapy viral vecpression of opsin proteins, tissue structure, and the mechanical environment of the peripheral nervous sys- tors to deliver DNA are more tractable tem may ...
- Wiley Online Library
... section of the wall extends between approximately vertebrae T1 and L5 and extends laterally to include the kidneys and adrenal glands. While all the viscera in the peritoneal cavity were removed, the kidneys and adrenal glands, and their associated vessels and nervous tissue in the retroperitoneal r ...
... section of the wall extends between approximately vertebrae T1 and L5 and extends laterally to include the kidneys and adrenal glands. While all the viscera in the peritoneal cavity were removed, the kidneys and adrenal glands, and their associated vessels and nervous tissue in the retroperitoneal r ...
New Treatment Approaches in Tinnitus: The Place of Repetitive
... of these effects may last from minutes to hours. In the current studies, there are articles suggesting that these neural changes in tDCS-applied patients can be observed not only in the short run after the application but also in the long run (29). In the literature, some of the very seldom and mild ...
... of these effects may last from minutes to hours. In the current studies, there are articles suggesting that these neural changes in tDCS-applied patients can be observed not only in the short run after the application but also in the long run (29). In the literature, some of the very seldom and mild ...
I. Pain and the Nervous System
... • People in pain often behave in ways that communicate to others that they are suffering from pain. • Spouses and others close to pain patients can be trained to make observations of pain behaviors. • These observations are sometimes compared to the patient's own pain diary. • Trained observers have ...
... • People in pain often behave in ways that communicate to others that they are suffering from pain. • Spouses and others close to pain patients can be trained to make observations of pain behaviors. • These observations are sometimes compared to the patient's own pain diary. • Trained observers have ...
Chronic Opioid Therapy and Opioid Tolerance: A New Hypothesis
... effects. Pain practitioners are also well aware that other nonopioid therapies, such as intravenous infusion of local anesthetics or ketamine, inhalation of nitrous oxide, or conduction block, provide reliable analgesia for patients suffering from intractable pain probably via a different mechanism tha ...
... effects. Pain practitioners are also well aware that other nonopioid therapies, such as intravenous infusion of local anesthetics or ketamine, inhalation of nitrous oxide, or conduction block, provide reliable analgesia for patients suffering from intractable pain probably via a different mechanism tha ...
ARTICULOS PUBLICADOS EN REVISTAS ELECTRÓNICAS: TRABAJO 1:
... For consistence with previous reports (Puig et al., 2003; Amargós-Bosch et al., 2004), we give the intensity of the response as percent of pre-stimulus firing for inhibitions and as success rate for excitations (i.e., percent concordance with each stimulus delivered). inhibition of short latency and ...
... For consistence with previous reports (Puig et al., 2003; Amargós-Bosch et al., 2004), we give the intensity of the response as percent of pre-stimulus firing for inhibitions and as success rate for excitations (i.e., percent concordance with each stimulus delivered). inhibition of short latency and ...
Theories of pain: from specificity to gate control
... addressed some of the assumptions of the Specificity Theory in his proposed framework of nociception. He applied a Virchowian (i.e., based on the cell theory) and Darwinian (i.e., evolutionary) approach to study integration in the nervous system. Specifically, he examined what he conceived to be the ...
... addressed some of the assumptions of the Specificity Theory in his proposed framework of nociception. He applied a Virchowian (i.e., based on the cell theory) and Darwinian (i.e., evolutionary) approach to study integration in the nervous system. Specifically, he examined what he conceived to be the ...
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... output cells (gray, pyramidal cells) receive two sources of excitatory inputs: primary sensory information (auditory nerve fibers) onto the basal dendrites and integrated information by way of granule cell parallel fibers. In this instance, “efferent copy” refers to descending motor commands that ar ...
... output cells (gray, pyramidal cells) receive two sources of excitatory inputs: primary sensory information (auditory nerve fibers) onto the basal dendrites and integrated information by way of granule cell parallel fibers. In this instance, “efferent copy” refers to descending motor commands that ar ...
Contrasting early visual cortical activation states causally involved in
... threshold as an indicator of visual cortical excitability, that visual imagery increases the excitability of early visual cortical neurons involved in visual imagery. Specifically, they showed that visual imagery decreased the intensity of TMS required for phosphene induction when the imagined stimul ...
... threshold as an indicator of visual cortical excitability, that visual imagery increases the excitability of early visual cortical neurons involved in visual imagery. Specifically, they showed that visual imagery decreased the intensity of TMS required for phosphene induction when the imagined stimul ...
Visual Stimulation Regulates the Expression of Transcription Factors
... et al., 1991). It has been shown recently that the composition of the AP-1 complex is different in various physiological situations and that even closely related members of the same family may contribute to quite distinct biological phenomena (Hope et al., 1994; Kaminska et al., 1994; Kasof et al., ...
... et al., 1991). It has been shown recently that the composition of the AP-1 complex is different in various physiological situations and that even closely related members of the same family may contribute to quite distinct biological phenomena (Hope et al., 1994; Kaminska et al., 1994; Kasof et al., ...
Sensitization of the Trigeminal Sensory System During Different
... Objectives.—To determine if the sensitization of the trigeminal system changes after dural activation of the trigeminal nerve during different stages of the rat estrous cycle. Background.—The specific mechanisms through which ovarian hormones trigger menstrual migraine are currently unknown. Past an ...
... Objectives.—To determine if the sensitization of the trigeminal system changes after dural activation of the trigeminal nerve during different stages of the rat estrous cycle. Background.—The specific mechanisms through which ovarian hormones trigger menstrual migraine are currently unknown. Past an ...
Multiple System Atrophy
... on and off, and adjusted using an external controller. Data shows that about one-fourth of individuals develop equipment problems that may require additional surgeries. Other types of neural stimulation. Neurostimulation can be delivered at other locations along the pain pathway, not only at the spi ...
... on and off, and adjusted using an external controller. Data shows that about one-fourth of individuals develop equipment problems that may require additional surgeries. Other types of neural stimulation. Neurostimulation can be delivered at other locations along the pain pathway, not only at the spi ...
ART 2015 AdvAnced ReTinAl TheRApy
... it is a great privilege to have you with us at the 12th conference of advanced retinal teaching (ART) 2015. The clear focus of these annual get-togethers is to present, discuss and understand novel and relevant perspectives in the field of retina with the potential to induce paradigm shifts. This in ...
... it is a great privilege to have you with us at the 12th conference of advanced retinal teaching (ART) 2015. The clear focus of these annual get-togethers is to present, discuss and understand novel and relevant perspectives in the field of retina with the potential to induce paradigm shifts. This in ...
THE ELECTRODE-TISSUE INTERFACE DURING RECORDING
... Figure 1.1. Various types of electrodes used in BMI technology....................................... 3 Figure 1.2 Examples of standard intracortical microelectrode arrays ................................ 5 Figure 1.3. Components of an implanted DBS system............................................ ...
... Figure 1.1. Various types of electrodes used in BMI technology....................................... 3 Figure 1.2 Examples of standard intracortical microelectrode arrays ................................ 5 Figure 1.3. Components of an implanted DBS system............................................ ...
The functional role of GABA and glycine in monaural and binaural
... curve in particular at high levels of stimulation, in creating nonmonotonic spike count functions and in producing selectivity for particular frequency-time structures of complex acoustic stimuli (review: Aitkin 1986; Suga 1969; Suga and Schlegel 1973). In binaural signal analysis, excitatory respon ...
... curve in particular at high levels of stimulation, in creating nonmonotonic spike count functions and in producing selectivity for particular frequency-time structures of complex acoustic stimuli (review: Aitkin 1986; Suga 1969; Suga and Schlegel 1973). In binaural signal analysis, excitatory respon ...
CEREBRAL ACTIVATION DURING THERMAL
... cognition, [9],[10] language, [11] memory, learning, vision processing, auditory perception, [12] cerebellum neurophysiology, [13] and sensory and motor functions. Functional MRI has also been used in neurosurgical planning and for implantation of electrodes within different brain structures for th ...
... cognition, [9],[10] language, [11] memory, learning, vision processing, auditory perception, [12] cerebellum neurophysiology, [13] and sensory and motor functions. Functional MRI has also been used in neurosurgical planning and for implantation of electrodes within different brain structures for th ...
Saccade-induced activity of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus X
... (Cleland et al., 1971; Hoffmann et al., 1972). First, orthodromic latencies to electrical pulse stimulation of the optic chiasm was measured. Second, the random-square pattern was switched on and off for 1 s each to record transient and sustained responses. Examples of neuronal responses to pattern ...
... (Cleland et al., 1971; Hoffmann et al., 1972). First, orthodromic latencies to electrical pulse stimulation of the optic chiasm was measured. Second, the random-square pattern was switched on and off for 1 s each to record transient and sustained responses. Examples of neuronal responses to pattern ...
Experimental Brain Research 221(1)
... consistent with recent anatomical evidence showing connectivity between V6A and AIP (Borra et al. 2008). The corresponding human anatomical areas are shown in Fig. 1b. Opportunities to record from individual neurons in humans are very limited, but current human neuroscience techniques provide an opp ...
... consistent with recent anatomical evidence showing connectivity between V6A and AIP (Borra et al. 2008). The corresponding human anatomical areas are shown in Fig. 1b. Opportunities to record from individual neurons in humans are very limited, but current human neuroscience techniques provide an opp ...
Medullary control of nociceptive transmission
... Chronic pain and the brainstem–spinal dorsal horn communication Importance of controlling nociceptive input to the brain Acute pain and transient ALLODYNIA and HYPERALGESIA (see glossary) associated to inflammation, chronic pain and disease are crucial examples of the importance of pain for organism ...
... Chronic pain and the brainstem–spinal dorsal horn communication Importance of controlling nociceptive input to the brain Acute pain and transient ALLODYNIA and HYPERALGESIA (see glossary) associated to inflammation, chronic pain and disease are crucial examples of the importance of pain for organism ...
Blepharospasm
... essential blepharospasm (BEB), is not associated with any known etiology, whereas secondary blepharospasm is due to an identifiable neurologic or ophthalmologic disorder or documented pathologic lesion. Lesions associated with blepharospasm have been documented in the basal ganglia, brainstem, and t ...
... essential blepharospasm (BEB), is not associated with any known etiology, whereas secondary blepharospasm is due to an identifiable neurologic or ophthalmologic disorder or documented pathologic lesion. Lesions associated with blepharospasm have been documented in the basal ganglia, brainstem, and t ...
Surround suppression explained by long-range
... coding efficiency8, 9 . This is beneficial because strong correlations across a neuronal population can impair the ability to extract information from their response to sensory stimuli10, 11 . “Sparse coding” of responses to sensory stimuli is therefore a valuable goal for cortex: sparse coding serv ...
... coding efficiency8, 9 . This is beneficial because strong correlations across a neuronal population can impair the ability to extract information from their response to sensory stimuli10, 11 . “Sparse coding” of responses to sensory stimuli is therefore a valuable goal for cortex: sparse coding serv ...
14132.full - Explore Bristol Research
... Neural substrates that underlie requisite alterations in autonomic functions (e.g., cardiorespiratory adjustments) and sensory processing (e.g., modulation of pain processing) that accompany defense are well understood (Lovick and Bandler, 2005); however, little is known of the neural circuits that ...
... Neural substrates that underlie requisite alterations in autonomic functions (e.g., cardiorespiratory adjustments) and sensory processing (e.g., modulation of pain processing) that accompany defense are well understood (Lovick and Bandler, 2005); however, little is known of the neural circuits that ...
In Vivo Evaluation of White Matter Integrity and Anterograde
... mouse head for T1-weighted MR signal normalization to counter for system instability between imaging sessions. The current NMDA doses were chosen with reference to recent studies investigating NMDA-induced injury in rodent retina.37,38 Since the main purpose of this study was to examine the effects ...
... mouse head for T1-weighted MR signal normalization to counter for system instability between imaging sessions. The current NMDA doses were chosen with reference to recent studies investigating NMDA-induced injury in rodent retina.37,38 Since the main purpose of this study was to examine the effects ...
Neuronal-Derived Nitric Oxide and Somatodendritically Released
... The classical model of neurovascular coupling (NVC) implies that activity-dependent axonal glutamate release at synapses evokes the production and release of vasoactive signals from both neurons and astrocytes, which dilate arterioles, increasing in turn cerebral blood flow (CBF) to areas with incre ...
... The classical model of neurovascular coupling (NVC) implies that activity-dependent axonal glutamate release at synapses evokes the production and release of vasoactive signals from both neurons and astrocytes, which dilate arterioles, increasing in turn cerebral blood flow (CBF) to areas with incre ...
Constraints on Somatotopic Organization in the Primary Motor Cortex
... detailed maps of body part representation in M1 became available, culminating in the well-known summary diagrams of Penfield’s homunculus (Penfield and Rasmussen 1950) and Woolsey’s simiusculus (Woolsey et al. 1952). These icons of neuroscience commonly are interpreted as showing a systematic, spati ...
... detailed maps of body part representation in M1 became available, culminating in the well-known summary diagrams of Penfield’s homunculus (Penfield and Rasmussen 1950) and Woolsey’s simiusculus (Woolsey et al. 1952). These icons of neuroscience commonly are interpreted as showing a systematic, spati ...