Similarities between Severe Tinnitus and Chronic Pain
... specific receptors (nociceptors) that are different from those mediating sensory information. Acute pain may be caused by injuries of various kinds and inflammatory processes may cause pain that lasts a long time . This kind of pain information is mediated by specific pain receptors and carried in n ...
... specific receptors (nociceptors) that are different from those mediating sensory information. Acute pain may be caused by injuries of various kinds and inflammatory processes may cause pain that lasts a long time . This kind of pain information is mediated by specific pain receptors and carried in n ...
Very short-term plasticity in hippocampal synapses
... history dependent facilitation for each of the 30 cells in our study and plotted frequency histograms of these values (see Fig. 3). We define the degree of inactivation observed in a synapse as the ratio of Pf at 7 msec to Pf at 19 msec (in other words, Pf at short times as a fraction of the steady- ...
... history dependent facilitation for each of the 30 cells in our study and plotted frequency histograms of these values (see Fig. 3). We define the degree of inactivation observed in a synapse as the ratio of Pf at 7 msec to Pf at 19 msec (in other words, Pf at short times as a fraction of the steady- ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... by dividing the value of maximum change with the control value: (response value - control value) / (control value) × 100 %. The control value of nerve activity was derived by averaging the integrated nerve activities for a period of 30 s before stimulation. The largest deviation from the control lev ...
... by dividing the value of maximum change with the control value: (response value - control value) / (control value) × 100 %. The control value of nerve activity was derived by averaging the integrated nerve activities for a period of 30 s before stimulation. The largest deviation from the control lev ...
Pain Terminology and Pain Pathways
... Pain: "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage." International Association for the Study of Pain Nociception: The activity in neural pathways that transmits or processes information about noxious events ass ...
... Pain: "An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage." International Association for the Study of Pain Nociception: The activity in neural pathways that transmits or processes information about noxious events ass ...
innervation of the ventral diaphragm of the locust
... spontaneously active. However, by electrical stimulation of a fibre it is possible to evoke in it an active graded membrane response which leads to its contraction (Fig. 4). If sufficient stimulation is applied to a fibre, all fibres in the same segment contract, indicating that there is coupling be ...
... spontaneously active. However, by electrical stimulation of a fibre it is possible to evoke in it an active graded membrane response which leads to its contraction (Fig. 4). If sufficient stimulation is applied to a fibre, all fibres in the same segment contract, indicating that there is coupling be ...
Know Pain in General - Choose your language | Know Pain
... – Reduced amplitudes of pain-related evoked potentials upon stimulation of face, hands and feet – Reduction in dermal unmyelinated nerve fibre bundles obtained through skin biopsies at the lower leg and upper thigh Üçeyler N et al. Brain 2013; 136(Pt 6):1857-6. ...
... – Reduced amplitudes of pain-related evoked potentials upon stimulation of face, hands and feet – Reduction in dermal unmyelinated nerve fibre bundles obtained through skin biopsies at the lower leg and upper thigh Üçeyler N et al. Brain 2013; 136(Pt 6):1857-6. ...
Frontal Eye Fields - Psychological Sciences
... visual spatial attention. The contribution of FEF and surrounding cortex to the allocation of spatial attention has been described in human studies using functional brain imaging [9] and transcranial magnetic stimulation [10]. All of these data can be organized under the framework that FEF is a sali ...
... visual spatial attention. The contribution of FEF and surrounding cortex to the allocation of spatial attention has been described in human studies using functional brain imaging [9] and transcranial magnetic stimulation [10]. All of these data can be organized under the framework that FEF is a sali ...
Polarization-sensitive and light-sensitive neurons in two parallel
... central complex. All neurons of the tubercle, furthermore, responded to unpolarized light, mostly with tonic activity changes. These responses strongly depended on stimulus position and might reflect navigation-relevant signals such as direct sunlight or visual landmarks that are integrated with pol ...
... central complex. All neurons of the tubercle, furthermore, responded to unpolarized light, mostly with tonic activity changes. These responses strongly depended on stimulus position and might reflect navigation-relevant signals such as direct sunlight or visual landmarks that are integrated with pol ...
short communication - Deep Blue
... producing effects over many cycles. Although there is evidence that specific components of a rhythmic cycle may be stimulated or inhibited independently (Maynard, 1966), the qualitative characteristics of the intrinsic, cyclic pattern remain unaltered over a broad range of quantitative variation. Un ...
... producing effects over many cycles. Although there is evidence that specific components of a rhythmic cycle may be stimulated or inhibited independently (Maynard, 1966), the qualitative characteristics of the intrinsic, cyclic pattern remain unaltered over a broad range of quantitative variation. Un ...
Mediated Activation of the Cholinergic Anti
... homeostasis and acupuncture has been recently shown to regulate inflammatory responses through the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Understanding immune system innervation can provide modern medicine with new tools to prevent, as well as treat immune-mediated disorders and di ...
... homeostasis and acupuncture has been recently shown to regulate inflammatory responses through the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Understanding immune system innervation can provide modern medicine with new tools to prevent, as well as treat immune-mediated disorders and di ...
Convergence, Divergence, Pupillary Reactions and
... to a monopolar platinum electrode was employed. The indifferent electrode was placed in the rectum. This instrument generates monophasic or biphasic wave forms with variable voltage, frequency, and pulse duration. The electrode was utilized for both cortical stimulation and cortical destruction. For ...
... to a monopolar platinum electrode was employed. The indifferent electrode was placed in the rectum. This instrument generates monophasic or biphasic wave forms with variable voltage, frequency, and pulse duration. The electrode was utilized for both cortical stimulation and cortical destruction. For ...
Reduced BOLD response to periodic visual stimulation
... For Experiment 1, the average percentage BOLD increase over 10 s was calculated for each condition (seven frequencies, periodic and aperiodic), starting 10 s after the onset of stimulation. Baseline was taken as the mean signal during 30 s of rest preceding the stimulus. The results were averaged ov ...
... For Experiment 1, the average percentage BOLD increase over 10 s was calculated for each condition (seven frequencies, periodic and aperiodic), starting 10 s after the onset of stimulation. Baseline was taken as the mean signal during 30 s of rest preceding the stimulus. The results were averaged ov ...
Neck Muscle Responses to Stimulation of Monkey Superior
... usually employed a central FP and a stimulation duration of 100 ms, although stimulation duration could be lengthened to 150 ms to ensure the entire gaze shift amplitude was realized before the end of the stimulation train. A block of 20 – 40 stimulation trials was delivered at every site between th ...
... usually employed a central FP and a stimulation duration of 100 ms, although stimulation duration could be lengthened to 150 ms to ensure the entire gaze shift amplitude was realized before the end of the stimulation train. A block of 20 – 40 stimulation trials was delivered at every site between th ...
The Physiology and psychology of pain
... These neurons can excite (stalked cells) or inhibit (islet cells) the transmission of noxious stimuli These neurons in the SG send axons to lamina I and release enkephalin and gammaaminobutyric acid. • Both which inhibit the transmission of noxious stimuli ...
... These neurons can excite (stalked cells) or inhibit (islet cells) the transmission of noxious stimuli These neurons in the SG send axons to lamina I and release enkephalin and gammaaminobutyric acid. • Both which inhibit the transmission of noxious stimuli ...
Conditioned tone control of brain reward behavior produces highly
... the base of the pedestal and the subject was given a topical local anesthetic (Xylocaine 2% Jelly, AstraZeneca) and antibiotic (Animax ointment, Pharmaderm, Melville, NY). Animals were recovered in an incubator before being returned to the vivarium. 2.3. Behavioral training Experimental subjects wer ...
... the base of the pedestal and the subject was given a topical local anesthetic (Xylocaine 2% Jelly, AstraZeneca) and antibiotic (Animax ointment, Pharmaderm, Melville, NY). Animals were recovered in an incubator before being returned to the vivarium. 2.3. Behavioral training Experimental subjects wer ...
An introduction to pain pathways and mechanisms
... Figure 3 Gate control theory of pain Stimulation of Aβ fibres activates inhibitory interneurones in the dorsal horn Visceral pain Visceral pain is pain arising from the internal organs. The viscera are largely innervated by C fibres. Visceral pain is typically diffuse and poorly localised, often de ...
... Figure 3 Gate control theory of pain Stimulation of Aβ fibres activates inhibitory interneurones in the dorsal horn Visceral pain Visceral pain is pain arising from the internal organs. The viscera are largely innervated by C fibres. Visceral pain is typically diffuse and poorly localised, often de ...
Somatic sensation pain
... 4. Brain opiate system endorphins and encephalins 1. activation of the analgesia system by nervous signals entering the periaqueductal grey and periventricular areas OR 2.inactivation of pain pathway by morphine like drugs can almost totally suppress many pain signals entering thru the periphe ...
... 4. Brain opiate system endorphins and encephalins 1. activation of the analgesia system by nervous signals entering the periaqueductal grey and periventricular areas OR 2.inactivation of pain pathway by morphine like drugs can almost totally suppress many pain signals entering thru the periphe ...
intraoperative motor evoked potential monitoring
... waves, being indirectly generated by the electric pulse. Then in 1980, Merton and Morton found that singlepulse TES produces a muscle MEP in conscious humans [2]. The mechanism is believed to vary with the momentary excitability of alpha motor neurons, determined by their levels of background depola ...
... waves, being indirectly generated by the electric pulse. Then in 1980, Merton and Morton found that singlepulse TES produces a muscle MEP in conscious humans [2]. The mechanism is believed to vary with the momentary excitability of alpha motor neurons, determined by their levels of background depola ...
State-dependent and cell type-specific temporal processing in
... state, the reduction in onset response variability in both AC and MGB was accompanied by cell typespecific firing, with decreased responses of cortical broad spiking cells, but increased responses of cortical narrow spiking cells. This onset response was followed by distinct temporal evolution in AC ...
... state, the reduction in onset response variability in both AC and MGB was accompanied by cell typespecific firing, with decreased responses of cortical broad spiking cells, but increased responses of cortical narrow spiking cells. This onset response was followed by distinct temporal evolution in AC ...
XVI. COMMUNICATIONS BIOPHYSICS W. Dr. Ursula
... obstacle to its interpretation as the result of a primary discharge. It is interesting to compare, for a given subject, the psychophysical threshold with the click intensity at which a physiological respon ...
... obstacle to its interpretation as the result of a primary discharge. It is interesting to compare, for a given subject, the psychophysical threshold with the click intensity at which a physiological respon ...
Visual and oculomotor selection: links, causes and
... additional ‘distracter’ stimuli outside the V4 neuron receptive field, as has been observed during attention. These findings suggest that the gain of visual responses in extrastriate cortex is directly modulated by the same activity that elicits a saccade to a particular location, and they suggest a ...
... additional ‘distracter’ stimuli outside the V4 neuron receptive field, as has been observed during attention. These findings suggest that the gain of visual responses in extrastriate cortex is directly modulated by the same activity that elicits a saccade to a particular location, and they suggest a ...
Migraine photophobia originating in cone-driven
... cortex during migraine (Noseda et al., 2010). Consequently, we suggested that this ‘non-image forming’ pathway might explain the preferential sensitivity to blue light in blind migraine patients, who, in spite of losing the ability to form images due to degeneration of cones and rods, can detect lig ...
... cortex during migraine (Noseda et al., 2010). Consequently, we suggested that this ‘non-image forming’ pathway might explain the preferential sensitivity to blue light in blind migraine patients, who, in spite of losing the ability to form images due to degeneration of cones and rods, can detect lig ...
An implantable neural probe with monolithically integrated dielectric
... was reported [1, 26], but recording electrodes were not integrated onto the probe [26]. Other recent work demonstrated a polymer-based neural probe integrated with SU-8 waveguide, electrodes and a microfluidic channel [27]. Although in vivo experiment was performed, spontaneous neural activities wer ...
... was reported [1, 26], but recording electrodes were not integrated onto the probe [26]. Other recent work demonstrated a polymer-based neural probe integrated with SU-8 waveguide, electrodes and a microfluidic channel [27]. Although in vivo experiment was performed, spontaneous neural activities wer ...
NIH eRA Commons user name: AM2518 TELEPHONE NUMBER
... SYNOPSIS OF PROPOSAL: (use only space provided below; minimum 11 point font) The aim of this translational research project is to develop a novel treatment for patients with medication-resistant OCD, informed by the neurocircuitry, neurochemistry, and neurophysiology of the disorder. There is eviden ...
... SYNOPSIS OF PROPOSAL: (use only space provided below; minimum 11 point font) The aim of this translational research project is to develop a novel treatment for patients with medication-resistant OCD, informed by the neurocircuitry, neurochemistry, and neurophysiology of the disorder. There is eviden ...