(2006) Changes in visual receptive fields with microstimulation of
... We reasoned that if microstimulation simply amplifies responses uniformly across the RF, then its effects should be the same when single stimuli are presented at either location. However, if instead microstimulation drives the selection of stimuli located at the saccade endpoint, then it should only ...
... We reasoned that if microstimulation simply amplifies responses uniformly across the RF, then its effects should be the same when single stimuli are presented at either location. However, if instead microstimulation drives the selection of stimuli located at the saccade endpoint, then it should only ...
Cholinergic modulation of synaptic properties of cortical layer VI
... as calculated in pCLAMP) and the average firing threshold for the recorded cells was −34 mV. To evoke excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), 5 electrical pulses (200 µs duration) at 20 Hz frequency were applied through a concentric stimulating electrode placed at the corticothalamic fiber tract ...
... as calculated in pCLAMP) and the average firing threshold for the recorded cells was −34 mV. To evoke excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), 5 electrical pulses (200 µs duration) at 20 Hz frequency were applied through a concentric stimulating electrode placed at the corticothalamic fiber tract ...
Cortical remodelling induced by activity of ventral tegmental
... region (collectively called non-AI pairs; data not shown). In general, correlation strengths decreased as a regular function of cortical distance for both AI and non-AI pairs. VTA/tone-pairing did not change the correlation±distance function of AI pairs, but resulted in a strong increase in the corr ...
... region (collectively called non-AI pairs; data not shown). In general, correlation strengths decreased as a regular function of cortical distance for both AI and non-AI pairs. VTA/tone-pairing did not change the correlation±distance function of AI pairs, but resulted in a strong increase in the corr ...
PAIN CONTROL THEORIES
... – Sclerotomic & Dermatomic Pain – deep pain; may originate from sclerotomic, myotomic, or dermatomic n. irritation/injury • Sclerotome: area of bone/fascia that is supplied by a single n. root • Myotome: m. supplied by a single n. root • Dermatome: area of skin supplied by a single n. root ...
... – Sclerotomic & Dermatomic Pain – deep pain; may originate from sclerotomic, myotomic, or dermatomic n. irritation/injury • Sclerotome: area of bone/fascia that is supplied by a single n. root • Myotome: m. supplied by a single n. root • Dermatome: area of skin supplied by a single n. root ...
Pallidal Origin of GABA Release within the Substantia Nigra Pars
... High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (HFS-STN) is an effective treatment for alleviating the motor symptoms of parkinsonian patients. However, the neurochemical basis of its effects remains unknown. We showed previously that 1 h of HFS-STN in normal rats increases extracellular glut ...
... High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (HFS-STN) is an effective treatment for alleviating the motor symptoms of parkinsonian patients. However, the neurochemical basis of its effects remains unknown. We showed previously that 1 h of HFS-STN in normal rats increases extracellular glut ...
Properties of Single Neurons Responsive to Light Mechanical
... utlized. A set of calibrated nylon monofilament von Frey hairs was used to determine, at threshold stimulus intensity, the precise RF locus and boundaries of isolated, single VB neurons; the RF boundaries were carefully plotted on a photograph of each raccoon’s hand for subsequent planimetric measur ...
... utlized. A set of calibrated nylon monofilament von Frey hairs was used to determine, at threshold stimulus intensity, the precise RF locus and boundaries of isolated, single VB neurons; the RF boundaries were carefully plotted on a photograph of each raccoon’s hand for subsequent planimetric measur ...
Drug-activation of brain reward pathways
... pulses and varying the interval between the members of each pair, one can determine the distribution of refractory periods of the population of directly activated and reward-relevant fibers. The bulk of rewardrelevant fibers in the medial forebrain bundle have the short refractory periods typical of ...
... pulses and varying the interval between the members of each pair, one can determine the distribution of refractory periods of the population of directly activated and reward-relevant fibers. The bulk of rewardrelevant fibers in the medial forebrain bundle have the short refractory periods typical of ...
Basilar artery aneurysm with autonomic features: an interesting
... activation of neurons in the very same regions.17 It has also been shown that stimulation of the greater occipital nerve in rats leads to ipsilateral conjunctival injection, tearing, and ptosis in one third of animals.18 Thus an anatomical pathway exists whereby C2 activation may trigger eVerent neu ...
... activation of neurons in the very same regions.17 It has also been shown that stimulation of the greater occipital nerve in rats leads to ipsilateral conjunctival injection, tearing, and ptosis in one third of animals.18 Thus an anatomical pathway exists whereby C2 activation may trigger eVerent neu ...
Ocular Dominance in Human V1 Demonstrated by Functional
... arises from microvasculature, at least at the highest magnetic fields available for human research (4 T). For fMRI studies using clinically available hardware, Ç3mm in-plane resolution and Ç5-mm slices are typical because of the limited signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) available in high temporal resoluti ...
... arises from microvasculature, at least at the highest magnetic fields available for human research (4 T). For fMRI studies using clinically available hardware, Ç3mm in-plane resolution and Ç5-mm slices are typical because of the limited signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) available in high temporal resoluti ...
xiao-ying-lu-southeast-university
... 1) Application of MEA for studying brain and heart slices Spontaneous electrical signal or induced signal can be detected from actue brain and heart slices placed on the MEA through MEA system. Then further research about neural system and autonomic nervous system could be carried out. ...
... 1) Application of MEA for studying brain and heart slices Spontaneous electrical signal or induced signal can be detected from actue brain and heart slices placed on the MEA through MEA system. Then further research about neural system and autonomic nervous system could be carried out. ...
Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body
... the insula has been observed for several visceral functions. This issue deserves intense study because of the potential clinical significance. Finally, these findings suggest that endogenous homeostatic control mechanisms modulate the integration of afferent activity that produces the feelings from ...
... the insula has been observed for several visceral functions. This issue deserves intense study because of the potential clinical significance. Finally, these findings suggest that endogenous homeostatic control mechanisms modulate the integration of afferent activity that produces the feelings from ...
Corticostriatal neurons in auditory cortex drive decisions during
... target areas with different functional roles. Consistent with this third possibility, stimulation resulted in predominantly contralateral biases (36 out of 57 sites, P 5 0.015, Supplementary Fig. 3g, h), suggesting the activation of a lateralized motor pathway. These results suggested that the audit ...
... target areas with different functional roles. Consistent with this third possibility, stimulation resulted in predominantly contralateral biases (36 out of 57 sites, P 5 0.015, Supplementary Fig. 3g, h), suggesting the activation of a lateralized motor pathway. These results suggested that the audit ...
the manuscript as pdf
... Such closed-loop methods will extend the flexibility and range of applications of neuromodulation. The basic mechanisms of DBS remain a topic of debate (e.g. Vitek, 2002). Brain imaging studies show evidence of selective activation of both cortical and subcortical regions including fMRI activations ...
... Such closed-loop methods will extend the flexibility and range of applications of neuromodulation. The basic mechanisms of DBS remain a topic of debate (e.g. Vitek, 2002). Brain imaging studies show evidence of selective activation of both cortical and subcortical regions including fMRI activations ...
Aalborg Universitet Assessment of sensory convergence in the spinal cord
... The afferent fibers are classified according to their conduction velocity, which basically reflects the thickness and degree of myelinization of the fibers. Afferent fibers innervating the skin are Aα/βfibers which are thick myalinated fast conducting (36 – 120 m/s), Aδ-fibers which are thin myalina ...
... The afferent fibers are classified according to their conduction velocity, which basically reflects the thickness and degree of myelinization of the fibers. Afferent fibers innervating the skin are Aα/βfibers which are thick myalinated fast conducting (36 – 120 m/s), Aδ-fibers which are thin myalina ...
Sample pages PDF
... (Fig. 2.3) is intimately linked to the rest of the prefrontal cortex and to the dorsomedial and ventral anterior nuclei of the thalamus.11 It extends over the dorsolateral region of the caudate nucleus12 and is implicated in the associative13 loop (Fig. 2.27, p. 89) [8]. This cortex is involved in t ...
... (Fig. 2.3) is intimately linked to the rest of the prefrontal cortex and to the dorsomedial and ventral anterior nuclei of the thalamus.11 It extends over the dorsolateral region of the caudate nucleus12 and is implicated in the associative13 loop (Fig. 2.27, p. 89) [8]. This cortex is involved in t ...
Equine Pain
... • Peripheral mechanisms – Skin, muscle, bone and other tissues have multiple nerve endings – These nerve endings, when stimulated send a signal to the brain through the nervous system • Takes from 0.001 – 1 second to be recognized ...
... • Peripheral mechanisms – Skin, muscle, bone and other tissues have multiple nerve endings – These nerve endings, when stimulated send a signal to the brain through the nervous system • Takes from 0.001 – 1 second to be recognized ...
Nora Stern: Treating Persistent Pain Does Not Need to Be Painful
... Prefrontal and frontal cortex: makes sense out of the situation. Decides if the danger signal is a real threat Cingulate cortex: concentration and focus, affected by attention to pain Cerebellum: Perception of movement ...
... Prefrontal and frontal cortex: makes sense out of the situation. Decides if the danger signal is a real threat Cingulate cortex: concentration and focus, affected by attention to pain Cerebellum: Perception of movement ...
Neurochemical excitation of propriospinal neurons facilitates
... Systemic administration of drugs in vivo or whole cord applications of drugs in vitro may influence locomotor-related cervicothoracic propriospinal neurons as well as lumbar CPG circuitry. Relatively little information is available as to which neurotransmitters may be involved in locomotor-related p ...
... Systemic administration of drugs in vivo or whole cord applications of drugs in vitro may influence locomotor-related cervicothoracic propriospinal neurons as well as lumbar CPG circuitry. Relatively little information is available as to which neurotransmitters may be involved in locomotor-related p ...
On the Nature of Visual-Oculomotor Connections
... tion 1 regardless of the type or eye movement being executed. We have trained monkeys to make vergence movements0 and rotated them, in darkness, to obtain vestibularly induced movements7 and can show that Equation 1 does predict the behavior of motoneurons during all of these eye movement types. For ...
... tion 1 regardless of the type or eye movement being executed. We have trained monkeys to make vergence movements0 and rotated them, in darkness, to obtain vestibularly induced movements7 and can show that Equation 1 does predict the behavior of motoneurons during all of these eye movement types. For ...
Hebbian modification of a hippocampal population
... 5. Our findings show that the Hebbian pairing of cellular activation with spontaneous, naturally occurring synaptic events is capable of inducing LTP. It is widely postulated that long-term potentiation (LTP) serves as a model of synaptic plasticity and, by extension, the substrate of memory in the ...
... 5. Our findings show that the Hebbian pairing of cellular activation with spontaneous, naturally occurring synaptic events is capable of inducing LTP. It is widely postulated that long-term potentiation (LTP) serves as a model of synaptic plasticity and, by extension, the substrate of memory in the ...
Pain
... • This may explain why simple maneuvers such as rubbing the skin (thus exciting tactile and pressure receptors), near a painful area is often effective in relieving certain types of pain → A beta • Also block of pain by acupuncture (A delta fibers) ...
... • This may explain why simple maneuvers such as rubbing the skin (thus exciting tactile and pressure receptors), near a painful area is often effective in relieving certain types of pain → A beta • Also block of pain by acupuncture (A delta fibers) ...
The Nervous System and Pain
... ◦ Three Types Are Important to Understand Pain A-delta fibers – smaller, fast transmitting, myelinated fibers that transmit sharp pain Mechanoreceptors – Triggered by strong mechanical pressure and intense ...
... ◦ Three Types Are Important to Understand Pain A-delta fibers – smaller, fast transmitting, myelinated fibers that transmit sharp pain Mechanoreceptors – Triggered by strong mechanical pressure and intense ...
Mayberg HS, Lozano AM. (2009). Targeted electrode
... (i.e., CBT or interpersonal psychotherapy when overactive [ref. 47] and medication augmentation or ECT, vagus nerve stimulation, or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation when underactive [refs. 2, 48–51]), with failure of the circuit to initiate an adaptive response defining patients with TRD ...
... (i.e., CBT or interpersonal psychotherapy when overactive [ref. 47] and medication augmentation or ECT, vagus nerve stimulation, or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation when underactive [refs. 2, 48–51]), with failure of the circuit to initiate an adaptive response defining patients with TRD ...
Sliding
... time synapses are activated and help to bring [Ca]i to the LTD threshold 2) Ca entry during the AP desensitizes the NMDAR so it does no reach the threshold for LTP. (contradicts 1) 3) Ca entry during the AP favours the production of endocannabinoids, which in turn reduces presynaptic release (LTD an ...
... time synapses are activated and help to bring [Ca]i to the LTD threshold 2) Ca entry during the AP desensitizes the NMDAR so it does no reach the threshold for LTP. (contradicts 1) 3) Ca entry during the AP favours the production of endocannabinoids, which in turn reduces presynaptic release (LTD an ...
Current Challenges Facing the Translation of Brain
... communication of neural signals at the site of injury, leading to motor, sensory and autonomic deficits. For these types of injuries, there are no effective post-acute restorative treatments. Research in stem cell therapy to regenerate damaged neurons that could restore damaged pathways is currently ...
... communication of neural signals at the site of injury, leading to motor, sensory and autonomic deficits. For these types of injuries, there are no effective post-acute restorative treatments. Research in stem cell therapy to regenerate damaged neurons that could restore damaged pathways is currently ...