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... Sound stimuli cannot be used to investigate how signals in different parts of the cortex influence behavior because any given sound stimulus could activate thousands or millions of neurons distributed across many cortical areas, thereby making it impossible to attribute behavioral consequences to sp ...
... Sound stimuli cannot be used to investigate how signals in different parts of the cortex influence behavior because any given sound stimulus could activate thousands or millions of neurons distributed across many cortical areas, thereby making it impossible to attribute behavioral consequences to sp ...
nerve impulse patterns and reflex control in the motor system
... if it precedes the excitatory nerve impulse by about 5 msec. This near concurrence is not necessary in order to inhibit contraction. Since the large efferent nerve impulses never cause contraction of the muscle, but do diminish the excitatory muscle action potentials, it can be concluded that they a ...
... if it precedes the excitatory nerve impulse by about 5 msec. This near concurrence is not necessary in order to inhibit contraction. Since the large efferent nerve impulses never cause contraction of the muscle, but do diminish the excitatory muscle action potentials, it can be concluded that they a ...
Stimulation Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Can Evoke
... Deuchars, Susan A., K. Michael Spyer, and Michael P. Gilbey. Stimulation within the rostral ventrolateral medulla can evoke monosynaptic GABAergic IPSPs in sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 229–235, 1997. The inhibitory responses of identified sympathetic preganglionic ...
... Deuchars, Susan A., K. Michael Spyer, and Michael P. Gilbey. Stimulation within the rostral ventrolateral medulla can evoke monosynaptic GABAergic IPSPs in sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 229–235, 1997. The inhibitory responses of identified sympathetic preganglionic ...
Wind Direction Coding in the Cockroach Escape Response: Winner
... transparent surface, could move its legs freely. The rotating tube from the speaker delivered wind puffs from various angles. Intracellular recording and stimulation were performed in a GI, and hook electrodes monitored extracellular activity of the nerve cord. The behavioral responses were monitore ...
... transparent surface, could move its legs freely. The rotating tube from the speaker delivered wind puffs from various angles. Intracellular recording and stimulation were performed in a GI, and hook electrodes monitored extracellular activity of the nerve cord. The behavioral responses were monitore ...
OLED_Optogenetics_abstract_v3_wo_links
... neurons can be controlled individually so that stimulation of neurons with light still lacks precision compared to the complexity of the brain. To overcome these limitations, we propose to develop a novel light source based on organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) that provides unprecedented high-re ...
... neurons can be controlled individually so that stimulation of neurons with light still lacks precision compared to the complexity of the brain. To overcome these limitations, we propose to develop a novel light source based on organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) that provides unprecedented high-re ...
Neuronal circuitries involved in thermoregulation
... 2. Dominance of warm-sensitive neurons for detecting brain temperature After discovery of thermosensitive neurons in the hypothalamus (Nakayama et al., 1961) neurophysiologists investigating thermoregulation directed their efforts to the analysis of these thermosensitive neurons. Their (implicit) as ...
... 2. Dominance of warm-sensitive neurons for detecting brain temperature After discovery of thermosensitive neurons in the hypothalamus (Nakayama et al., 1961) neurophysiologists investigating thermoregulation directed their efforts to the analysis of these thermosensitive neurons. Their (implicit) as ...
Brain Stem Catecholamine Mechanisms in Tonic and
... contain substance P, the primary neurotransmitter appears to be the excitatory amino acid L-glutamate (L-glu). Neurons in rostral ventrolateral medulla, which most probably comprise the Cl group of epinephrine neurons, are also critical in AP control. Cl neurons project to innervate cholinergic preg ...
... contain substance P, the primary neurotransmitter appears to be the excitatory amino acid L-glutamate (L-glu). Neurons in rostral ventrolateral medulla, which most probably comprise the Cl group of epinephrine neurons, are also critical in AP control. Cl neurons project to innervate cholinergic preg ...
Involvement of the Caudal Medulla in Negative Feedback
... neurons. These inhibitory effects induced by spatial summation of nociceptive inputs have been shown to involve a supraspinally mediated negative feedback loop. The aim of the present study was to determine the anatomic level of integration of these controls and hence to ascertain what relationships ...
... neurons. These inhibitory effects induced by spatial summation of nociceptive inputs have been shown to involve a supraspinally mediated negative feedback loop. The aim of the present study was to determine the anatomic level of integration of these controls and hence to ascertain what relationships ...
Electrotherapeutics –Interferential Current
... Interference between the MFAC electrical fields hopefully occurs BUT the pure 3D Clover-Leaf IFC pattern is not realistic b/c of variations in impedance of tissue (different layers, hydration, location/orientation of nerve fibers, etc); IFC technology seems complex but from a pain control standpoint ...
... Interference between the MFAC electrical fields hopefully occurs BUT the pure 3D Clover-Leaf IFC pattern is not realistic b/c of variations in impedance of tissue (different layers, hydration, location/orientation of nerve fibers, etc); IFC technology seems complex but from a pain control standpoint ...
doc - UCA
... Interference between the MFAC electrical fields hopefully occurs BUT the pure 3D Clover-Leaf IFC pattern is not realistic b/c of variations in impedance of tissue (different layers, hydration, location/orientation of nerve fibers, etc); IFC technology seems complex but from a pain control standpoint ...
... Interference between the MFAC electrical fields hopefully occurs BUT the pure 3D Clover-Leaf IFC pattern is not realistic b/c of variations in impedance of tissue (different layers, hydration, location/orientation of nerve fibers, etc); IFC technology seems complex but from a pain control standpoint ...
Organization of the primary somatosensory cortex and wing
... activity at the cortical surface. Hence, the recording sites were located mostly in the supragranular cortical layers II/III, a few possibly in layer IV. While the electrode was advanced into the cortex, the body surface of the bat, including the wing membrane, was stimulated using von Frey monoWlam ...
... activity at the cortical surface. Hence, the recording sites were located mostly in the supragranular cortical layers II/III, a few possibly in layer IV. While the electrode was advanced into the cortex, the body surface of the bat, including the wing membrane, was stimulated using von Frey monoWlam ...
Running head: THIS IS A SHORT (50
... Neuron – a nerve cell. The basic unit of the nervous system, specialized for the transmission of ...
... Neuron – a nerve cell. The basic unit of the nervous system, specialized for the transmission of ...
Is the Lateral Septum's Inhibitory Influence on the Amygdala Mediated... GABA-ergic Neurons? Mason Austin
... producing anxiety. After the monkeys were fully conditioned, stimulating electrodes were placed in several areas of the brain. Finally, the experimenters compared how the monkeys responded to the conditioned stimuli against how they responded to electrical stimulation in each area of the brain. They ...
... producing anxiety. After the monkeys were fully conditioned, stimulating electrodes were placed in several areas of the brain. Finally, the experimenters compared how the monkeys responded to the conditioned stimuli against how they responded to electrical stimulation in each area of the brain. They ...
Heterogeneous Integration of Bilateral Whisker Signals by Neurons
... with pairs of 16 electrode arrays (2 ⫻ 8) bilaterally in S1. The arrays were positioned stereotactically and by means of tactile stimulation during surgery to record in cortical layer V (⫺3 mm caudal from bregma, 5.5 mm mediolateral, and about 1.3 mm depth from brain surface). During the same surger ...
... with pairs of 16 electrode arrays (2 ⫻ 8) bilaterally in S1. The arrays were positioned stereotactically and by means of tactile stimulation during surgery to record in cortical layer V (⫺3 mm caudal from bregma, 5.5 mm mediolateral, and about 1.3 mm depth from brain surface). During the same surger ...
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... Theories of temporal coding by cortical neurons are supported by observations that individual neurons can respond to sensory stimulation with millisecond precision and that activity in large populations is often highly correlated. Synchronization is highest between neurons with overlapping receptive ...
... Theories of temporal coding by cortical neurons are supported by observations that individual neurons can respond to sensory stimulation with millisecond precision and that activity in large populations is often highly correlated. Synchronization is highest between neurons with overlapping receptive ...
Descending Inhibitory Systems
... of descending pathways may vary from excitation to inhibition depending on the response characteristics and laminar location of the spinal dorsal horn neuron (Laird and Cervero, 1990); this is in line with the evidence showing a differential effect of specific brain areas upon superficial versus dee ...
... of descending pathways may vary from excitation to inhibition depending on the response characteristics and laminar location of the spinal dorsal horn neuron (Laird and Cervero, 1990); this is in line with the evidence showing a differential effect of specific brain areas upon superficial versus dee ...
Spinal Cord Neural Modeling for Clinical Applications
... classic “gate control theory” of pain developed by Melzack and Wall (Melzack et al., 1965) proposed a mechanism by which large-diameter non-nociceptive afferents such as the A-β could close an alleged neural “gate” within the spinal cord that controls pain transmission to the brain. According to the ...
... classic “gate control theory” of pain developed by Melzack and Wall (Melzack et al., 1965) proposed a mechanism by which large-diameter non-nociceptive afferents such as the A-β could close an alleged neural “gate” within the spinal cord that controls pain transmission to the brain. According to the ...
Induction of c-fos Expression in Hypothalamic Magnocellular
... the effects of i.c.v. carbachol on the expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI). Two injections of carbachol (0.2 pg in 2 ~1, i.c.v.) were given separated by a 20 min period. Control animals were given injections of the same volume of isotonic saline. Ninety minutes after the second injectio ...
... the effects of i.c.v. carbachol on the expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI). Two injections of carbachol (0.2 pg in 2 ~1, i.c.v.) were given separated by a 20 min period. Control animals were given injections of the same volume of isotonic saline. Ninety minutes after the second injectio ...
Mechanisms of Magnetic Stimulation of Central Nervous System
... hyperpolarization, due to pulse behavior (Figure 2B). When MS amplitude was further increased, the depolarization induced by the stimulation was large enough to cross AP threshold. The two APs that were generated propagated along the axon in opposite directions (Figure 2C). The site of AP initiation ...
... hyperpolarization, due to pulse behavior (Figure 2B). When MS amplitude was further increased, the depolarization induced by the stimulation was large enough to cross AP threshold. The two APs that were generated propagated along the axon in opposite directions (Figure 2C). The site of AP initiation ...
Differentiating Noxious- and Innocuous
... Chen, Jen-I, Brian Ha, M. Catherine Bushnell, Bruce Pike, and Gary H. Duncan. Differentiating noxious- and innocuous-related activation of human somatosensory cortices using temporal analysis of fMRI. J Neurophysiol 88: 464 – 474, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00999.2001. The role of the somatosensory cortices ( ...
... Chen, Jen-I, Brian Ha, M. Catherine Bushnell, Bruce Pike, and Gary H. Duncan. Differentiating noxious- and innocuous-related activation of human somatosensory cortices using temporal analysis of fMRI. J Neurophysiol 88: 464 – 474, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00999.2001. The role of the somatosensory cortices ( ...
Column-Based Model of Electric Field Excitation of Cerebral Cortex
... an automated, local-maximum search algorithm and reported as x-y-z coordinates of the centers-of-mass in standardized space. Searches were limited to a cubical volume 40 mm in diameter centered on the group-mean location for finger movement. In all 11 subjects, robust responses to finger movement were ...
... an automated, local-maximum search algorithm and reported as x-y-z coordinates of the centers-of-mass in standardized space. Searches were limited to a cubical volume 40 mm in diameter centered on the group-mean location for finger movement. In all 11 subjects, robust responses to finger movement were ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... 2015; doi:10.1152/jn.00418.2014.—The optic disk is a region of the retina consisting mainly of ganglion cell axons and blood vessels, which generates a visual scotoma known as the blind spot (BS). Information present in the surroundings of the BS can be used to complete the missing information. Howe ...
... 2015; doi:10.1152/jn.00418.2014.—The optic disk is a region of the retina consisting mainly of ganglion cell axons and blood vessels, which generates a visual scotoma known as the blind spot (BS). Information present in the surroundings of the BS can be used to complete the missing information. Howe ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the
... Recent work has implicated several variables, including brain physiology and duration of treatment, as influencing treatment success. In this review, we examine the current state of evidence concerning the use of TMS to treat depression. We review the clinical data and assess which types of patients ...
... Recent work has implicated several variables, including brain physiology and duration of treatment, as influencing treatment success. In this review, we examine the current state of evidence concerning the use of TMS to treat depression. We review the clinical data and assess which types of patients ...
Fig. 2 - eNeuro
... suction electrode was placed on the head skin to induce the KO response. Natural tadpole swimming behavior was observed in a 5-cm dish with 1-mm grid paper underneath and videoed at 120 or 240 fps using a GoPro HERO4 silver camera. A current amplifier was used to drive a speaker, whose membrane was ...
... suction electrode was placed on the head skin to induce the KO response. Natural tadpole swimming behavior was observed in a 5-cm dish with 1-mm grid paper underneath and videoed at 120 or 240 fps using a GoPro HERO4 silver camera. A current amplifier was used to drive a speaker, whose membrane was ...
How Acupuncture works - Chinese Acupuncture Associates on the
... Acupuncture (AP ) is a portion of traditional Chinese medicine and has been used for Health care in clinic over 3,000 years in China. For acupuncture's magic effective for pain and disease,AP has spread to over 160 countries and regions in the world.The world health organization ( WHO ) has recommen ...
... Acupuncture (AP ) is a portion of traditional Chinese medicine and has been used for Health care in clinic over 3,000 years in China. For acupuncture's magic effective for pain and disease,AP has spread to over 160 countries and regions in the world.The world health organization ( WHO ) has recommen ...