A Brief History of the Reticular Formation
... triggering signal. Since the red nucleus receives most of its inputs from the cerebellum it very likely is responsible for modulating these body state signals. After all, the body must be in an upright posture before walking to begin or in a state which the cerebellum can transform to an upright pos ...
... triggering signal. Since the red nucleus receives most of its inputs from the cerebellum it very likely is responsible for modulating these body state signals. After all, the body must be in an upright posture before walking to begin or in a state which the cerebellum can transform to an upright pos ...
Neuronal Activation in the Medulla Oblongata During Selective
... internal and external branches of the SLN to identify brain stem areas activated during swallowing in mice (Sang and Goyal 2001) and coughing in cats (Gestreau et al. 1997). In these studies, abdominal, oropharyngeal, and esophageal muscles were active during cough or swallow. Although both of these ...
... internal and external branches of the SLN to identify brain stem areas activated during swallowing in mice (Sang and Goyal 2001) and coughing in cats (Gestreau et al. 1997). In these studies, abdominal, oropharyngeal, and esophageal muscles were active during cough or swallow. Although both of these ...
The Impact of Prior Experience With Cross-Modal
... refers to the general increase in the number of action potentials measured when a second modality is presented to a cell doing MI, while depression refers to the general decrease in the number of action potentials. Meredith and Stein (1983) demonstrated that a sensory stimulus (light) presented to a ...
... refers to the general increase in the number of action potentials measured when a second modality is presented to a cell doing MI, while depression refers to the general decrease in the number of action potentials. Meredith and Stein (1983) demonstrated that a sensory stimulus (light) presented to a ...
Cortical modulation of pain
... cord dorsal horn, where a number of different mechanisms have been shown, or postulated, to mediate interruption of transmission of nociceptive information to higher centers [14, 15]. The second site is the periaqueductal gray matter, which is firmly established as a region that when appropriately a ...
... cord dorsal horn, where a number of different mechanisms have been shown, or postulated, to mediate interruption of transmission of nociceptive information to higher centers [14, 15]. The second site is the periaqueductal gray matter, which is firmly established as a region that when appropriately a ...
Nerve Conduction Studies - Cumbria Partnership NHS Foundation
... people find this unpleasant but fortunately it does not last very long. The time it takes for the muscle to contract in response to the electrical pulse is recorded. The speed of the response is called the conduction velocity. If the nerve being tested is a sensory nerve, the recording electrode is ...
... people find this unpleasant but fortunately it does not last very long. The time it takes for the muscle to contract in response to the electrical pulse is recorded. The speed of the response is called the conduction velocity. If the nerve being tested is a sensory nerve, the recording electrode is ...
PHYSIOLOGY OF ERECTION INTRODUCTION An erection
... account for about 70 percent of ED cases. Some drugs used to treat other conditions, such as lithium and paroxetine, may cause erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction, tied closely as it is to cultural notions of potency, success and masculinity, can have devastating psychological consequences in ...
... account for about 70 percent of ED cases. Some drugs used to treat other conditions, such as lithium and paroxetine, may cause erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction, tied closely as it is to cultural notions of potency, success and masculinity, can have devastating psychological consequences in ...
Optical Control of Muscle Function by Transplantation of Stem Cell
... function. We generated murine embryonic stem cell–derived motor neurons that express the light-sensitive ion channel channelrhodopsin-2, which we then engrafted into partially denervated branches of the sciatic nerve of adult mice. These engrafted motor neurons not only reinnervated lower hind-limb ...
... function. We generated murine embryonic stem cell–derived motor neurons that express the light-sensitive ion channel channelrhodopsin-2, which we then engrafted into partially denervated branches of the sciatic nerve of adult mice. These engrafted motor neurons not only reinnervated lower hind-limb ...
Introduction
... However, the magnetic field is unaffected by the skull and can thereby be applied relatively painlessly to conscious patients without the need for sedation, as in ECT (Hasey, 2001). 2.1 History of TMS in psychiatry TMS is based on the discovery by Michael Faraday that a time-varying magnetic field c ...
... However, the magnetic field is unaffected by the skull and can thereby be applied relatively painlessly to conscious patients without the need for sedation, as in ECT (Hasey, 2001). 2.1 History of TMS in psychiatry TMS is based on the discovery by Michael Faraday that a time-varying magnetic field c ...
ppt - BIAC – Duke
... In this period of intense research in the neurosciences, nothing is more promising than functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) methods, which localize brain activities. These functional imaging methodologies map neurophysiological responses to cognitive, ...
... In this period of intense research in the neurosciences, nothing is more promising than functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) methods, which localize brain activities. These functional imaging methodologies map neurophysiological responses to cognitive, ...
Whisker movements evoked by stimulation of single pyramidal cells
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
PAIN
... Pain input to the spinal cord: -Projecting neurons in lamina I receive A-delta and C fibers info. -Neurons in lamina II receive input from C fibers and relay it to other laminae. -Projecting neurons in lamina V (wide-dynamic range neurons) receive A-delta, C and A-beta (low threshold mechanoceptors ...
... Pain input to the spinal cord: -Projecting neurons in lamina I receive A-delta and C fibers info. -Neurons in lamina II receive input from C fibers and relay it to other laminae. -Projecting neurons in lamina V (wide-dynamic range neurons) receive A-delta, C and A-beta (low threshold mechanoceptors ...
Pontine Gustatory Activity Is Altered by Electrical Stimulation in the
... Lundy, Robert F., Jr. and Ralph Norgren. Pontine gustatory activity is altered by electrical stimulation in the central nucleus of the amygdala. J Neurophysiol 85: 770 –783, 2001. Visceral signals and experience modulate the responses of brain stem neurons to gustatory stimuli. Both behavioral and a ...
... Lundy, Robert F., Jr. and Ralph Norgren. Pontine gustatory activity is altered by electrical stimulation in the central nucleus of the amygdala. J Neurophysiol 85: 770 –783, 2001. Visceral signals and experience modulate the responses of brain stem neurons to gustatory stimuli. Both behavioral and a ...
Neurophysiologic markers in laryngeal muscles indicate functional
... visual object-naming task. The methodology for visually presented objects (VPOs)/pictures were taken from a normative study by Brodeur et al. (2010). Fifty pictures were presented during measurement in a randomized manner in one session. The pictures were presented on a computer monitor (LG 2200 ‘‘L ...
... visual object-naming task. The methodology for visually presented objects (VPOs)/pictures were taken from a normative study by Brodeur et al. (2010). Fifty pictures were presented during measurement in a randomized manner in one session. The pictures were presented on a computer monitor (LG 2200 ‘‘L ...
Axonal conduction properties of antidromically identified neurons in
... and supernormality of these neurons. Neurons having the slowest CVs (mean = 1.5 m/s; range = 0.51± 6.1) were found at the most superficial and deep levels of the cortex, whereas neurons in the middle depths (800± 1,400 m m) conducted more rapidly (mean CV = 3.0 m/s; range = 0.4 ± 6.0). Supernormalit ...
... and supernormality of these neurons. Neurons having the slowest CVs (mean = 1.5 m/s; range = 0.51± 6.1) were found at the most superficial and deep levels of the cortex, whereas neurons in the middle depths (800± 1,400 m m) conducted more rapidly (mean CV = 3.0 m/s; range = 0.4 ± 6.0). Supernormalit ...
Hsiang-Tung Chang
... In 1940, all the large towns of the east coast and a great part of China were occupied by the Japanese. Thousands and thousands of my people had been assassinated or died of cold and hunger. I was desperate and humiliated, all hopes gone. I decided to leave the academy and travel to Yunan. I met tre ...
... In 1940, all the large towns of the east coast and a great part of China were occupied by the Japanese. Thousands and thousands of my people had been assassinated or died of cold and hunger. I was desperate and humiliated, all hopes gone. I decided to leave the academy and travel to Yunan. I met tre ...
Proprioceptive Information from the Pinna Provides
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
... Surg ical preparation. C ats were premedicated with xylazine (2 mg, i.m.) and atropine (0.1 mg, i.m.) and anesthetized with ketamine (initial dose of 40 mg / kg, i.m.; supplemental doses of 15 mg / kg, i.v.). Body temperature (measured rectally) was maintained at 38.5°C. The head was fixed in a nose ...
Interactions Between Premotor and Motor Cortices in Non
... An alternative approach was to stimulate in one area, while recording from single neurons in the other; by activating many cortico-cortical projections, some of which might converge at the single neuron level, it was anticipated that signs of F5-M1 synaptic connections might be easier to detect. The ...
... An alternative approach was to stimulate in one area, while recording from single neurons in the other; by activating many cortico-cortical projections, some of which might converge at the single neuron level, it was anticipated that signs of F5-M1 synaptic connections might be easier to detect. The ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... TS) was 51.4 ± 7.2 ms for the first session and 49.2 ± 6.2 ms for the second session. The mean onset latency of IES-induced magnetic fields was 89.5 ± 15.4 ms for the first session and 87.5 ± 10.6 ms for the second session. The mean difference in onset latency between TS and IES was 38.1 ms (ranging fr ...
... TS) was 51.4 ± 7.2 ms for the first session and 49.2 ± 6.2 ms for the second session. The mean onset latency of IES-induced magnetic fields was 89.5 ± 15.4 ms for the first session and 87.5 ± 10.6 ms for the second session. The mean difference in onset latency between TS and IES was 38.1 ms (ranging fr ...
Neural underpinnings of superior action
... PMd area; this procedure allows to fake stimulation with the same noise and scalp contact as during real stimulation but no current reaches the brain (Rossi et al., 2009). Sham stimulation was applied over the scalp location of only PMd and not of STS to reduce the number of experimental conditions, ...
... PMd area; this procedure allows to fake stimulation with the same noise and scalp contact as during real stimulation but no current reaches the brain (Rossi et al., 2009). Sham stimulation was applied over the scalp location of only PMd and not of STS to reduce the number of experimental conditions, ...
pain_etiology32
... structures, ie, annuli and ligaments Possible role of abnormal nociceptors overgrown within the intradiscal space, postsurgical epidural scars, degenerated facet joints CNS sensitization and reorganization ...
... structures, ie, annuli and ligaments Possible role of abnormal nociceptors overgrown within the intradiscal space, postsurgical epidural scars, degenerated facet joints CNS sensitization and reorganization ...
The precision of value-based choices depends causally on
... choice alternatives3,4, compute and compare the values for the different options based on sensory and mnemonic information3–5 and adequately map these value computations to the appropriate actions6. Candidate brain areas that assign and compare values include the medial–prefrontal and parietal corte ...
... choice alternatives3,4, compute and compare the values for the different options based on sensory and mnemonic information3–5 and adequately map these value computations to the appropriate actions6. Candidate brain areas that assign and compare values include the medial–prefrontal and parietal corte ...
Gentle Mechanical Skin Stimulation Inhibits Micturition Contractions
... nerves, but not sympathetic nerves, are involved in this effect as an efferent path [3]. In the case of non-noxious cutaneous mechanical stimulations, we have recently shown that the effect depends on materials in contact with the skin [8, 9]. Briefly, gentle stimulation of the surface of the perine ...
... nerves, but not sympathetic nerves, are involved in this effect as an efferent path [3]. In the case of non-noxious cutaneous mechanical stimulations, we have recently shown that the effect depends on materials in contact with the skin [8, 9]. Briefly, gentle stimulation of the surface of the perine ...
High-frequency stimulation in Parkinson`s disease: more
... decreases. Enhancement of GABAergic currents is also unlikely because of the usual failure of inhibition during long-term repetitive stimulation [22]. Although the CoI mRNA results are compatible with inhibition, these observations are conditioned by the possible rapid changes of STN activity once H ...
... decreases. Enhancement of GABAergic currents is also unlikely because of the usual failure of inhibition during long-term repetitive stimulation [22]. Although the CoI mRNA results are compatible with inhibition, these observations are conditioned by the possible rapid changes of STN activity once H ...
An optical neural interface: in vivo control of
... pathophysiology and almost certainly lead to development of novel treatments. Indeed, malfunctions in specific types of electrically excitable cells contribute not only to neuropsychiatric diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, pain syndromes, epilepsy, depression and schizophren ...
... pathophysiology and almost certainly lead to development of novel treatments. Indeed, malfunctions in specific types of electrically excitable cells contribute not only to neuropsychiatric diseases such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, pain syndromes, epilepsy, depression and schizophren ...