Descending Pathways in Motor Control
... green, arising from the brainstem reticular formation, superior colliculus, and vestibular complex. These fibers terminate bilaterally in the ventromedial part of the intermediate zone (IZ) shown as a green area in the spinal sections, with some direct projections to motoneurons supplying trunk and g ...
... green, arising from the brainstem reticular formation, superior colliculus, and vestibular complex. These fibers terminate bilaterally in the ventromedial part of the intermediate zone (IZ) shown as a green area in the spinal sections, with some direct projections to motoneurons supplying trunk and g ...
Alterations in Synaptic Strength Preceding Axon Withdrawal
... stages of development several axons converge on each muscle fiber, and soon after birth all inputs but one are eliminated. It is hypothesize that synapse elimination must be part of a competitive process. What governs this competition? The purpose of this transient polyneuronal innervation remains a ...
... stages of development several axons converge on each muscle fiber, and soon after birth all inputs but one are eliminated. It is hypothesize that synapse elimination must be part of a competitive process. What governs this competition? The purpose of this transient polyneuronal innervation remains a ...
Central and peripheral chemoreceptors evoke distinct responses in
... raphé nuclei. Midline raphé neurons are proposed to be elements of a distributed brainstem system of central chemoreceptors, as well as modulators of central chemoreceptors at other sites, including the retrotrapezoid nucleus. Stimulation of the raphé system or peripheral chemoreceptors can induc ...
... raphé nuclei. Midline raphé neurons are proposed to be elements of a distributed brainstem system of central chemoreceptors, as well as modulators of central chemoreceptors at other sites, including the retrotrapezoid nucleus. Stimulation of the raphé system or peripheral chemoreceptors can induc ...
Stimulation of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Decreases
... Rat experiments. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Ponce School of Medicine, in compliance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Department of Health and Human Services publication 86-23). Experiments were performed in 10 male ...
... Rat experiments. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Ponce School of Medicine, in compliance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Department of Health and Human Services publication 86-23). Experiments were performed in 10 male ...
Rebound spiking properties of mouse medial entorhinal cortex neurons in vivo NEUROSYSTEMS
... et al., 2012). Thus, inhibitory input to MEC cells may elicit subsequent spikes due to rebound depolarizations that cause rebound spikes. Rebound spikes may be integrated into a mechanism for generating theta cycle skipping (Jeffery et al., 1995; Brandon et al., 2013) and grid cell activity as demon ...
... et al., 2012). Thus, inhibitory input to MEC cells may elicit subsequent spikes due to rebound depolarizations that cause rebound spikes. Rebound spikes may be integrated into a mechanism for generating theta cycle skipping (Jeffery et al., 1995; Brandon et al., 2013) and grid cell activity as demon ...
Neurophysiological correlates of hypnotic analgesia
... versus low hypnotic suggestibility scores have subsequently shown greater theta activity among those subjects with high scores, especially in the anterior temporal region (Crawford 1990). These volunteers also showed greater left hemisphere dominance during the pain condition and a reversal in hemis ...
... versus low hypnotic suggestibility scores have subsequently shown greater theta activity among those subjects with high scores, especially in the anterior temporal region (Crawford 1990). These volunteers also showed greater left hemisphere dominance during the pain condition and a reversal in hemis ...
UNIVERSITY OF PAVIA Department of Electrical Engineering
... and engineering. On one side, physicians do not have a suitable physical and mathematical background to model some biomedical problems; on the other side, engineers do not have enough medical background to understand data or sufficient practise to interact with a patien ...
... and engineering. On one side, physicians do not have a suitable physical and mathematical background to model some biomedical problems; on the other side, engineers do not have enough medical background to understand data or sufficient practise to interact with a patien ...
Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... roll, and intermediate planes, applying a pure vertical searching stimulus (pitch, roll, or VCP stimulation). In addition, most neurons that responded to vertical dynamic stimulation were tested subsequently for horizontal modulation. It will be shown that many FN neurons carry a clear vestibular si ...
... roll, and intermediate planes, applying a pure vertical searching stimulus (pitch, roll, or VCP stimulation). In addition, most neurons that responded to vertical dynamic stimulation were tested subsequently for horizontal modulation. It will be shown that many FN neurons carry a clear vestibular si ...
Anatomofunctional organization of the ventral primary motor and
... Stevenage, UK) with the following parameters: total train duration, 50 ms; single pulse width, 0.2 ms; and pulse frequency, 330 Hz. The current intensity ranged from 3 to 40 lA and was controlled on an oscilloscope by measuring the voltage drop across a 10 KX resistor in series with the stimulating ...
... Stevenage, UK) with the following parameters: total train duration, 50 ms; single pulse width, 0.2 ms; and pulse frequency, 330 Hz. The current intensity ranged from 3 to 40 lA and was controlled on an oscilloscope by measuring the voltage drop across a 10 KX resistor in series with the stimulating ...
Primate Frontal Eye Fields. II. Physiological and Anatomical
... each stimulation test. One record contained highfor several months in experiments directed at analyzing both neuronal activity and electrically elicprecision samples of horizontal and vertical eye poited eye movements (8). The cynomolgus monkey sition taken every millisecond for 500 ms following the ...
... each stimulation test. One record contained highfor several months in experiments directed at analyzing both neuronal activity and electrically elicprecision samples of horizontal and vertical eye poited eye movements (8). The cynomolgus monkey sition taken every millisecond for 500 ms following the ...
How PACAP CeA Infusion Alters Mechanical and Thermal Sensitivity
... a key element of the pain matrix. The amygdala is centrally located to integrate the many ascending and descending signals to modulate both the emotional and sensory aspects of pain. It possesses connections that influence the descending pain control systems and is also connected to other brain regi ...
... a key element of the pain matrix. The amygdala is centrally located to integrate the many ascending and descending signals to modulate both the emotional and sensory aspects of pain. It possesses connections that influence the descending pain control systems and is also connected to other brain regi ...
The cerebrocerebellar system: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... of thought hypothesis that postulates a universal cerebellar transform, in which the cerebellum performs its unique computation in a topographically precise manner on diverse streams of information relating to almost all aspects of behavior including cognition and emotion. It provides an anatomic ba ...
... of thought hypothesis that postulates a universal cerebellar transform, in which the cerebellum performs its unique computation in a topographically precise manner on diverse streams of information relating to almost all aspects of behavior including cognition and emotion. It provides an anatomic ba ...
Novel approaches to explore mechanisms of
... characterized by recurrent seizures (Duncan et al., 2006). It is estimated that more than 65 million people are affected in their lifetime, i.e. about 1% of the world population (Ngugi et al., 2010). Besides the lowered quality of life for people with epilepsy due to the disorder itself or side effe ...
... characterized by recurrent seizures (Duncan et al., 2006). It is estimated that more than 65 million people are affected in their lifetime, i.e. about 1% of the world population (Ngugi et al., 2010). Besides the lowered quality of life for people with epilepsy due to the disorder itself or side effe ...
Normalization in human somatosensory cortex
... visual cortical area MT (Simoncelli and Heeger 1998), inferotemporal cortex (Zoccolan et al. 2005), and primary auditory cortex (e.g., Rabinowitz et al. 2011), multisensory integration in MST (Ohshiro et al. 2011), the representation of value in LIP (Louie and Glimcher 2010), responses of neurons in ...
... visual cortical area MT (Simoncelli and Heeger 1998), inferotemporal cortex (Zoccolan et al. 2005), and primary auditory cortex (e.g., Rabinowitz et al. 2011), multisensory integration in MST (Ohshiro et al. 2011), the representation of value in LIP (Louie and Glimcher 2010), responses of neurons in ...
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... stimulation were compared with one another and with naı̈ve rats. Because identical stimulation parameters were used in every experiment, each experimental group differed only in their acoustic exposure. Therefore, we can attribute differences in cortical selectivity to experience-dependent plasticity. ...
... stimulation were compared with one another and with naı̈ve rats. Because identical stimulation parameters were used in every experiment, each experimental group differed only in their acoustic exposure. Therefore, we can attribute differences in cortical selectivity to experience-dependent plasticity. ...
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Decomposing the
... before actions are prepared and executed. However, our brain does not adhere to this clear-cut separation (Cisek 2012; Selen and others 2012; Thura and Cisek 2014). Instead, the influence of different processes is thought to occur in a continuous, parallel fashion, whereby several regions influence ...
... before actions are prepared and executed. However, our brain does not adhere to this clear-cut separation (Cisek 2012; Selen and others 2012; Thura and Cisek 2014). Instead, the influence of different processes is thought to occur in a continuous, parallel fashion, whereby several regions influence ...
Vagal Input to Lateral Area 3a in Cat Cortex
... in cat cortex. J Neurophysiol 90: 143–154, 2003. First published January 15, 2003; 10.1152/jn.01054.2002. Penfield’s sensory homunculus included visceral organs at its lateral extreme, and vagal input was recently identified lateral to the intraoral representation in primary somatosensory cortex (S1 ...
... in cat cortex. J Neurophysiol 90: 143–154, 2003. First published January 15, 2003; 10.1152/jn.01054.2002. Penfield’s sensory homunculus included visceral organs at its lateral extreme, and vagal input was recently identified lateral to the intraoral representation in primary somatosensory cortex (S1 ...
Slides - Computational Brain Imaging Group
... • Yielded scalar response values, which constituted the predicted pain for that condition • Permutation tests used to obtain unbiased estimates of accuracy and bootstrap tests to determine which brain areas made reliable contributions to prediction (Refer to Fig. 1) • Note: Stimulation did not elici ...
... • Yielded scalar response values, which constituted the predicted pain for that condition • Permutation tests used to obtain unbiased estimates of accuracy and bootstrap tests to determine which brain areas made reliable contributions to prediction (Refer to Fig. 1) • Note: Stimulation did not elici ...
Full Text
... Following damage to the human post-geniculate visual pathway retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration of the optic nerve fibres occurs. It has been known for some time from investigations carried out in primates that a decline in the number of retinal ganglion cells follows occipital lobectomy. Howeve ...
... Following damage to the human post-geniculate visual pathway retrograde trans-synaptic degeneration of the optic nerve fibres occurs. It has been known for some time from investigations carried out in primates that a decline in the number of retinal ganglion cells follows occipital lobectomy. Howeve ...
TINNITUS WHAT DO WE KNOW AND WHAT DO WE NOT KNOW
... Evaluation of treatment The patient’s own evaluation is the most important measure of the results of treatments Remember that tinnitus often has two parts: The sound and the suffering • Use of an analog scale for evaluation of the strength of the tinnitus sound • Use of an analog scale for evaluati ...
... Evaluation of treatment The patient’s own evaluation is the most important measure of the results of treatments Remember that tinnitus often has two parts: The sound and the suffering • Use of an analog scale for evaluation of the strength of the tinnitus sound • Use of an analog scale for evaluati ...
The Neuropsychology of Sigmund Freud
... a neuron (Bullock, 1957; Bullock and Terzuolo, 1957, 1958). It has been conclusively demonstrated, at least for the nervous system of lower organisms, that graded response mechanisms in different parts ...
... a neuron (Bullock, 1957; Bullock and Terzuolo, 1957, 1958). It has been conclusively demonstrated, at least for the nervous system of lower organisms, that graded response mechanisms in different parts ...
Cortical cfos Expression Reveals Broad Receptive Field Excitatory
... Kim and Ebner, 1999). Overall, it remains unknown whether response heterogeneity in neighboring excitatory neurons is related to differences in the ...
... Kim and Ebner, 1999). Overall, it remains unknown whether response heterogeneity in neighboring excitatory neurons is related to differences in the ...
A1 - 58 - University of Pittsburgh
... (sEMG) interpretation, so designers must therefore pay even more attention to defining features of sensor design like electrode size, shape, and layout. EMG sensors employ a class of technology referred to as epidermal electronic systems (EES) to interface with the skin and read and amplify the reco ...
... (sEMG) interpretation, so designers must therefore pay even more attention to defining features of sensor design like electrode size, shape, and layout. EMG sensors employ a class of technology referred to as epidermal electronic systems (EES) to interface with the skin and read and amplify the reco ...
Glial cells modulate the synaptic transmission of NTS neurons
... spiking behavior and absence of voltage-gated Na+ currents (Volterra and Meldolesi 2005; Panatier et al. 2011). Absence of action potential was verified in current-clamp configuration with injection of depolarized currents with 12.5 pA increments during 2 sec. The absence of voltagedependent Na+ cha ...
... spiking behavior and absence of voltage-gated Na+ currents (Volterra and Meldolesi 2005; Panatier et al. 2011). Absence of action potential was verified in current-clamp configuration with injection of depolarized currents with 12.5 pA increments during 2 sec. The absence of voltagedependent Na+ cha ...