Tese final so frentes - Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
... one of the most common motor neuron diseases (MND) were accomplished. Using clinical cases and autopsy material, a technique known as “anatomo-clinical method”, the famous French neurobiologist and physician Jean-Martin Charcot (Figure 1), showed that it could be possible to correlate anatomical les ...
... one of the most common motor neuron diseases (MND) were accomplished. Using clinical cases and autopsy material, a technique known as “anatomo-clinical method”, the famous French neurobiologist and physician Jean-Martin Charcot (Figure 1), showed that it could be possible to correlate anatomical les ...
Mitochondrial support of persistent presynaptic vesicle mobilization
... SSBs (n = 216, F1,215 = 0.026, p=0.87). However, PSD areas were larger on SSBs when mitochondria were present (n = 140, F1,138 = 15.4, p<0.001), but on MSBs this difference did not reach significance (n = 75, F1,74 = 2.791, p=0.10). (E) The number of docked vesicles per PSD did not differ between MS ...
... SSBs (n = 216, F1,215 = 0.026, p=0.87). However, PSD areas were larger on SSBs when mitochondria were present (n = 140, F1,138 = 15.4, p<0.001), but on MSBs this difference did not reach significance (n = 75, F1,74 = 2.791, p=0.10). (E) The number of docked vesicles per PSD did not differ between MS ...
Neural circuit rewiring: insights from DD synapse remodeling
... and suggests that the specificity of axonal and dendritic cargo might be determined by factors besides the orientation of MTs. Mature neurons contain highly stable MTs, and they also contain an additional population of dynamic MTs, which constantly grow and shrink from the MT plus end. One possible f ...
... and suggests that the specificity of axonal and dendritic cargo might be determined by factors besides the orientation of MTs. Mature neurons contain highly stable MTs, and they also contain an additional population of dynamic MTs, which constantly grow and shrink from the MT plus end. One possible f ...
Chapter 2 The Neural Bases of Learning and Memory
... Since an action potential is based on an all-or-none principle, when the synaptic transmission rises above the threshold, the cell fires. When this occurs, sodium molecules flow inside the cell through channels, resulting in a +40mV potential (from the -70mV at resting state). Then additional potass ...
... Since an action potential is based on an all-or-none principle, when the synaptic transmission rises above the threshold, the cell fires. When this occurs, sodium molecules flow inside the cell through channels, resulting in a +40mV potential (from the -70mV at resting state). Then additional potass ...
microcircuits in the striatum striatal cell types and their
... extremely phasic or episodic bursty pattern of activity with a low mean firing rate. The up and down states are known to result from synchronous phasic inputs from large numbers of cortical and/or thalamic neurons that interact with a a strong, fast inward rectifier and an outward rectifier (Gerfen ...
... extremely phasic or episodic bursty pattern of activity with a low mean firing rate. The up and down states are known to result from synchronous phasic inputs from large numbers of cortical and/or thalamic neurons that interact with a a strong, fast inward rectifier and an outward rectifier (Gerfen ...
extrasynaptic glutamate does not reach the postsynaptic density
... receptors in the postsynaptic density (PSD), glutamate (Glu) could affect the synaptic transmission. We have tested this possibility in the hippocampal CA1 synapses of rats, either by applying exogenous Glu to the CA1 neurons or by disruption of Glu transporter activity. LGlu (400 AM) was directly a ...
... receptors in the postsynaptic density (PSD), glutamate (Glu) could affect the synaptic transmission. We have tested this possibility in the hippocampal CA1 synapses of rats, either by applying exogenous Glu to the CA1 neurons or by disruption of Glu transporter activity. LGlu (400 AM) was directly a ...
Changes in Monoamine Release in the Ventral Horn and
... possibly other cranial motoneurons had a different mechanism of motor inhibition than spinal motoneurons. They suggested that hypoglossal motoneurons were not subject to glycinergic inhibition but were inactivated by a reduction in serotonin (5-HT) release during REM sleep (Kubin et al., 1993). Ther ...
... possibly other cranial motoneurons had a different mechanism of motor inhibition than spinal motoneurons. They suggested that hypoglossal motoneurons were not subject to glycinergic inhibition but were inactivated by a reduction in serotonin (5-HT) release during REM sleep (Kubin et al., 1993). Ther ...
view - E-LIB Bremen - Universität Bremen
... can make muscles twitch by Galvani and Volta, the description of the morphology of neurons in the brain by Golgi and Ramon Y Cajal [1], and finding a set of equations that describe the electrical behavior of neurons in great detail by Hodgkin and Huxley [2]. These and other discoveries elucidated the ...
... can make muscles twitch by Galvani and Volta, the description of the morphology of neurons in the brain by Golgi and Ramon Y Cajal [1], and finding a set of equations that describe the electrical behavior of neurons in great detail by Hodgkin and Huxley [2]. These and other discoveries elucidated the ...
α7 and β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunits Form
... Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. A total of 11 nAChR subunits (α2–7, α9–10, and β2–4) have been cloned from mammalian neuronal tissue [1]. Of these, the α7 and α9 subunits can form homomeric receptors when expressed in heterologous express ...
... Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. A total of 11 nAChR subunits (α2–7, α9–10, and β2–4) have been cloned from mammalian neuronal tissue [1]. Of these, the α7 and α9 subunits can form homomeric receptors when expressed in heterologous express ...
the phase-space dynamics of systems of spiking neurons
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
... Science remained out of favor until the beginning of the Renaissance. In 1543 Andreas Vesalius published De Humani Corporis Fabrica that helped correct numerous misconceptions about the human anatomy that had prevailed for fifteen hundred years. The 1641 publication of René Descartes’ Meditationes ...
Serotonin Receptors – From Molecular Biology to
... concentrations can be found in the basal ganglia, striatum and the frontal cortex. The function of the receptor depends on its location: in the frontal cortex it is believed to act as a terminal receptor inhibiting the release of dopamine. In the striatum and the basal ganglia, the 5-HT1B receptor i ...
... concentrations can be found in the basal ganglia, striatum and the frontal cortex. The function of the receptor depends on its location: in the frontal cortex it is believed to act as a terminal receptor inhibiting the release of dopamine. In the striatum and the basal ganglia, the 5-HT1B receptor i ...
Zn2 Slows Down CaV3.3 Gating Kinetics: Implications for
... same neuron (Joksovic et al. 2005a; Talley et al. 1999). These include CaV3.1 (Perez-Reyes et al. 1998) and CaV3.2 (Cribbs et al. 1998) channels—which carry the classical fast inactivating T-type current (Carbone and Lux 1984; Fox et al. 1987; Kostyuk et al. 1988)—and the CaV3.3 channels (Lee et al. ...
... same neuron (Joksovic et al. 2005a; Talley et al. 1999). These include CaV3.1 (Perez-Reyes et al. 1998) and CaV3.2 (Cribbs et al. 1998) channels—which carry the classical fast inactivating T-type current (Carbone and Lux 1984; Fox et al. 1987; Kostyuk et al. 1988)—and the CaV3.3 channels (Lee et al. ...
Document
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
... Research in Dr. Jaffe’s lab focuses on the hippocampal formation; a brain region important for certain aspects of learning and memory. It is also one of the first brain structures affected by Alzheimer's disease and medial temporal lobe epilepsy arises in the hippocampus, among other brain structure ...
Applying Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation to the Study of Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity in Neural Networks
... physiologically accurate than the similar, but more complex, Hodgkin Huxley model, the FN model’s simplicity to implement and accurate mimicking of general neural spiking behavior make it an ideal first choice for the purposes of generating a neural micro-network. The specific FN model used here was ...
... physiologically accurate than the similar, but more complex, Hodgkin Huxley model, the FN model’s simplicity to implement and accurate mimicking of general neural spiking behavior make it an ideal first choice for the purposes of generating a neural micro-network. The specific FN model used here was ...
Recruitment properties of intramuscular and nerve
... synaptic inputs [1], [2]. Normally, the smaller motoneurons innervating small numbers of slow, fatigue-resistant muscle fibers are recruited first [3]. They provide stable and finely controlled force for small, precise, and frequently needed movements. The larger motoneurons innervating larger numbe ...
... synaptic inputs [1], [2]. Normally, the smaller motoneurons innervating small numbers of slow, fatigue-resistant muscle fibers are recruited first [3]. They provide stable and finely controlled force for small, precise, and frequently needed movements. The larger motoneurons innervating larger numbe ...
Introduction: Biology Today Chapter 1
... Somatic sensations result from the stimulation of sensory receptors in the: Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers of the skin—see the learning module on the integumentary system. - Mucous membranes of cavities that open to the exterior, including the mouth, vagina, and anus. - Skeletal muscles, ...
... Somatic sensations result from the stimulation of sensory receptors in the: Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers of the skin—see the learning module on the integumentary system. - Mucous membranes of cavities that open to the exterior, including the mouth, vagina, and anus. - Skeletal muscles, ...
SEROTONIN RECEPTORS
... Activation of 5-HT4 receptor leads to the release of acetylcholine in the ileum and the contractions of the esophagus and colon in pigs. In addition, it participates in the modulation of gastrointestinal motility and secretatory responses of intestinal mucosa (Hansen et al. 2008) Voltage-controlled ...
... Activation of 5-HT4 receptor leads to the release of acetylcholine in the ileum and the contractions of the esophagus and colon in pigs. In addition, it participates in the modulation of gastrointestinal motility and secretatory responses of intestinal mucosa (Hansen et al. 2008) Voltage-controlled ...
Long-Term Depression in Identified Stellate Neurons of Juvenile Rat
... stratum radiatum to stimulate Schaffer collateral fibers. At this synapse type, application of the same HFS paradigm induced robust posttetanic potentiation and LTP (167 ⫾ 19% of control, n ⫽ 5, P ⫽ 0.02, Fig. 2B), excluding the inefficiency of the induction protocol. To test the possibility that in ...
... stratum radiatum to stimulate Schaffer collateral fibers. At this synapse type, application of the same HFS paradigm induced robust posttetanic potentiation and LTP (167 ⫾ 19% of control, n ⫽ 5, P ⫽ 0.02, Fig. 2B), excluding the inefficiency of the induction protocol. To test the possibility that in ...
the axon hillock and the initial segment
... 18). As these two regions of the axon are thought to have similar electrical properties, it is tempting to suggest that this undercoating represents a surface specialization in some way related to the production of the electrical signal. This suggestion is strengthened by the observation that the un ...
... 18). As these two regions of the axon are thought to have similar electrical properties, it is tempting to suggest that this undercoating represents a surface specialization in some way related to the production of the electrical signal. This suggestion is strengthened by the observation that the un ...
Neuroscience - Thermo Fisher Scientific
... in the pathogenesis of human neurological diseases are highly regulated processes. Subtle changes in the environment of the complex neuronal network may cause either breakdown or creation of synaptic connections. Drug discovery screening for neurological diseases and compound neurotoxicity evaluatio ...
... in the pathogenesis of human neurological diseases are highly regulated processes. Subtle changes in the environment of the complex neuronal network may cause either breakdown or creation of synaptic connections. Drug discovery screening for neurological diseases and compound neurotoxicity evaluatio ...
Do distinct populations of dorsal root ganglion neurons account for
... the period of depolarizing current injection. In contrast, phasic activation means that only a single or a few action potentials at the beginning of the period of depolarizing current injection are observed, even during very high levels of current injection. After a recovery time of at least 5 min, ...
... the period of depolarizing current injection. In contrast, phasic activation means that only a single or a few action potentials at the beginning of the period of depolarizing current injection are observed, even during very high levels of current injection. After a recovery time of at least 5 min, ...
DOPAMINE
... neurotransmitter. When dopamine is either elevated or low – we can have focus issues such as not remembering where we put our keys, forgetting what a paragraph said when we just finished reading it or simply daydreaming and not being able to stay on ...
... neurotransmitter. When dopamine is either elevated or low – we can have focus issues such as not remembering where we put our keys, forgetting what a paragraph said when we just finished reading it or simply daydreaming and not being able to stay on ...
PDF - Center for Theoretical Neuroscience
... Harris-Warrick, 1986; Hooper and Marder, the AB neuron is a target 1987). Because sub? for so many different neuromodulatory for to determine, it is interesting stances, the modeach, the mechanism underlying of burst amplitude ulation and frequency and Flamm, (Harris-Warrick 1987). There are at leas ...
... Harris-Warrick, 1986; Hooper and Marder, the AB neuron is a target 1987). Because sub? for so many different neuromodulatory for to determine, it is interesting stances, the modeach, the mechanism underlying of burst amplitude ulation and frequency and Flamm, (Harris-Warrick 1987). There are at leas ...
File
... neurotransmitter. When dopamine is either elevated or low – we can have focus issues such as not remembering where we put our keys, forgetting what a paragraph said when we just finished reading it or simply daydreaming and not being able to stay on ...
... neurotransmitter. When dopamine is either elevated or low – we can have focus issues such as not remembering where we put our keys, forgetting what a paragraph said when we just finished reading it or simply daydreaming and not being able to stay on ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... by Clark (I932) and Waller (I934). Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organization (Montero, Rojas and Torrealba, I973). Furthermore, lesions produced by the recording el ...
... by Clark (I932) and Waller (I934). Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organization (Montero, Rojas and Torrealba, I973). Furthermore, lesions produced by the recording el ...
End-plate potential
End plate potentials (EPPs) are the depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called ""end plates"" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, vesicles carrying neurotransmitters (mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and lead to its depolarization. In the absence of an action potential, acetylcholine vesicles spontaneously leak into the neuromuscular junction and cause very small depolarizations in the postsynaptic membrane. This small response (~0.5mV) is called a miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and is generated by one acetylcholine-containing vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle.