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The parasympathetic system
... Sweat gland secrete large amounts of sweat with sympathetic stimulation – No effect with parasympathetic stimulation – However, sweat glands are stimulated primarily through centers in the hypothalamus that are considered to be parasympathetic centers – sweating may be called a parasympathetic funct ...
... Sweat gland secrete large amounts of sweat with sympathetic stimulation – No effect with parasympathetic stimulation – However, sweat glands are stimulated primarily through centers in the hypothalamus that are considered to be parasympathetic centers – sweating may be called a parasympathetic funct ...
Functional Synaptic Contacts by Intranuclear
... ⫺65 ⫾ 5 (SD) mV (n ⫽ 21) and an apparConcentrated stock solution of (⫾)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3ent input resistance that averaged 224 ⫾ 101 M⍀. dicarboxylic acid (ACPD) was prepared in 0.1 M NaOH and diluted in physiological solution to a final concentration of 100–500 M. ACPD was applied As ...
... ⫺65 ⫾ 5 (SD) mV (n ⫽ 21) and an apparConcentrated stock solution of (⫾)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3ent input resistance that averaged 224 ⫾ 101 M⍀. dicarboxylic acid (ACPD) was prepared in 0.1 M NaOH and diluted in physiological solution to a final concentration of 100–500 M. ACPD was applied As ...
mGluR-dependent persistent firing in entorhinal cortex layer III neurons SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS Motoharu Yoshida,
... 20; MgCl, 2; phosphocreatine-diTris, 7; Na2ATP, 4; and TrisGTP, 0.3 (pH adjusted to 7.3 with KOH). The intracellular solution also contained 0.1% biocytin for the purpose of labeling. When filled with this solution, the patch pipettes had a resistance of 3–5 MW. Slices were visualized with an upright ...
... 20; MgCl, 2; phosphocreatine-diTris, 7; Na2ATP, 4; and TrisGTP, 0.3 (pH adjusted to 7.3 with KOH). The intracellular solution also contained 0.1% biocytin for the purpose of labeling. When filled with this solution, the patch pipettes had a resistance of 3–5 MW. Slices were visualized with an upright ...
File
... aspartate and related compounds), was first identified by Kikunae Ikeda at the Imperial University of Tokyo first identified it in 1909. It was originally shown that the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR4) mediated umami taste (Chaudari,et al, 1996; Kurihara & Kashiwayanagi, 1998). Binding to t ...
... aspartate and related compounds), was first identified by Kikunae Ikeda at the Imperial University of Tokyo first identified it in 1909. It was originally shown that the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR4) mediated umami taste (Chaudari,et al, 1996; Kurihara & Kashiwayanagi, 1998). Binding to t ...
Conductance-Based Model of the Voltage
... indicate the importance of controlling outputs of the basal ganglia by STN neurons. Therefore it is crucial to know how activities of STN neurons are regulated. In slice preparations, STN neurons show rhythmic singlespike activities at resting membrane potentials (Beurrier et al. 1999; Bevan and Wil ...
... indicate the importance of controlling outputs of the basal ganglia by STN neurons. Therefore it is crucial to know how activities of STN neurons are regulated. In slice preparations, STN neurons show rhythmic singlespike activities at resting membrane potentials (Beurrier et al. 1999; Bevan and Wil ...
Structure, Function, and Pharmacology of NMDA Receptor Channels
... Synaptic transmission is central to the ability of the nervous system to process and store information. Synapses are specialized contacts between neurons, where the release of neurotransmitter by the presynaptic neuron activates neurotransmitter receptors on the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron. ...
... Synaptic transmission is central to the ability of the nervous system to process and store information. Synapses are specialized contacts between neurons, where the release of neurotransmitter by the presynaptic neuron activates neurotransmitter receptors on the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron. ...
6 Control of Ventilation and Respiratory Muscles
... The Diaphragm The floor of the thoracic cavity is closed by a thin musculoten dinous sheet, the diaphragm—the most important inspiratory muscle, accounting for approximately 70% of minute ventila tion in normal subjects. The diaphragm is anatomically unique among the skeletal muscles in that its f ...
... The Diaphragm The floor of the thoracic cavity is closed by a thin musculoten dinous sheet, the diaphragm—the most important inspiratory muscle, accounting for approximately 70% of minute ventila tion in normal subjects. The diaphragm is anatomically unique among the skeletal muscles in that its f ...
SOME OBSERVATIONS UPON THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
... seems that the overlap of innervation between segments (also found in petromyzonts, see Peters & Mackay, 1961), reflected in the absence of strict segmentation in the motoneurons of the cord, must imply that the animal is unable to contract the muscles of one segment at a time; stimulation of one ve ...
... seems that the overlap of innervation between segments (also found in petromyzonts, see Peters & Mackay, 1961), reflected in the absence of strict segmentation in the motoneurons of the cord, must imply that the animal is unable to contract the muscles of one segment at a time; stimulation of one ve ...
Ionic Mechanisms in the Generation of Subthreshold Oscillations and
... 1986), where it is termed If, as well as a rich diversity of brain neurons (Pape, 1996) and thalamic neurons (McCormick and Pape, 1990). While these different currents share a common profile of activation, causing a depolarizing “sag” of the membrane potential during the later stages of a hyperpolari ...
... 1986), where it is termed If, as well as a rich diversity of brain neurons (Pape, 1996) and thalamic neurons (McCormick and Pape, 1990). While these different currents share a common profile of activation, causing a depolarizing “sag” of the membrane potential during the later stages of a hyperpolari ...
and Third-Order Neurons of Cockroach Ocelli
... penetrations and the application o f tetrodotoxin. Potential changes were evoked in second-order neurons by either an extrinsic current or a sinusoidally modulated light. The synapse had a low-pass filter characteristic with a cutoff frequency of 2 5 - 3 0 Hz, which passed most presynaptic signals. ...
... penetrations and the application o f tetrodotoxin. Potential changes were evoked in second-order neurons by either an extrinsic current or a sinusoidally modulated light. The synapse had a low-pass filter characteristic with a cutoff frequency of 2 5 - 3 0 Hz, which passed most presynaptic signals. ...
Multifunctional Laryngeal Premotor Neurons: Their Activities during
... the ELM and extracellular potential of its premotor neuron during fictive coughing in 7 of 10 pairs. SLN stimulation induced two types of fictive coughing. The laryngeal motor pattern of type A coughing consisted of the fictive inspiratory, compressive, expulsive, and narrowing phases represented as ...
... the ELM and extracellular potential of its premotor neuron during fictive coughing in 7 of 10 pairs. SLN stimulation induced two types of fictive coughing. The laryngeal motor pattern of type A coughing consisted of the fictive inspiratory, compressive, expulsive, and narrowing phases represented as ...
MMNeuropharm2011
... elicited. In these cells a brief hyperpolarizing current injection led to a robust LTP. This plasticity was mediated by calcium influx likely passing through GluA2-lacking AMPARs (Fig. 1) (Mameli et al., 2011). In summary, this finding indicates that synapses onto DA neurons after cocaine treatment ar ...
... elicited. In these cells a brief hyperpolarizing current injection led to a robust LTP. This plasticity was mediated by calcium influx likely passing through GluA2-lacking AMPARs (Fig. 1) (Mameli et al., 2011). In summary, this finding indicates that synapses onto DA neurons after cocaine treatment ar ...
Full text - Ip Lab - Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
... mation and spine morphology appear to be normal in these mice [13,14]. The discrepancy in the synaptogenic function of EphB2 between in vitro and in vivo studies (i.e. knockdown or expression of dominantnegative EphB2 significantly reduces the density of synapses and spines in dissociated neurons, b ...
... mation and spine morphology appear to be normal in these mice [13,14]. The discrepancy in the synaptogenic function of EphB2 between in vitro and in vivo studies (i.e. knockdown or expression of dominantnegative EphB2 significantly reduces the density of synapses and spines in dissociated neurons, b ...
Multiple signalling modalities mediated by dendritic exocytosis of
... but the electrical activity of the cell is inhibited, leading to less oxytocin release into the periphery [17]. Another example of dissociated release patterns is that of vasopressin release into the periphery to counteract water-loss from the kidneys in response to increased plasma osmolality. The ...
... but the electrical activity of the cell is inhibited, leading to less oxytocin release into the periphery [17]. Another example of dissociated release patterns is that of vasopressin release into the periphery to counteract water-loss from the kidneys in response to increased plasma osmolality. The ...
Cellular and network mechanisms of electrographic
... those depolarizations because these currents are activated at depolarized voltages. In recent studies, inhibitory processes have been observed during different types of seizure activity [21,23,24,26,51]. Recordings from human and rat slices [18,52] as well in vivo experiments in cats [24] have demon ...
... those depolarizations because these currents are activated at depolarized voltages. In recent studies, inhibitory processes have been observed during different types of seizure activity [21,23,24,26,51]. Recordings from human and rat slices [18,52] as well in vivo experiments in cats [24] have demon ...
Review. Multiple signaling modalities mediated by dendritic
... but the electrical activity of the cell is inhibited, leading to less oxytocin release into the periphery [17]. Another example of dissociated release patterns is that of vasopressin release into the periphery to counteract water-loss from the kidneys in response to increased plasma osmolality. The ...
... but the electrical activity of the cell is inhibited, leading to less oxytocin release into the periphery [17]. Another example of dissociated release patterns is that of vasopressin release into the periphery to counteract water-loss from the kidneys in response to increased plasma osmolality. The ...
kbook or W NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
... the brain also controls the very basis for human consciousness. Perhaps the last frontier of biological science – its ultimate challenge – is to understand the exact mental processes within the brain that allow us to perceive and act, learn and remember – the biological basis of consciousness. Until ...
... the brain also controls the very basis for human consciousness. Perhaps the last frontier of biological science – its ultimate challenge – is to understand the exact mental processes within the brain that allow us to perceive and act, learn and remember – the biological basis of consciousness. Until ...
REFLEXES I - michaeldmann.net
... excitation of the subliminal fringe caused by the tap-induced muscle stretch, it causes the neurons in the subliminal fringe to discharge. The reflex contraction will therefore be larger than normal. There may also be some influence of increased (motoneuron activity, increasing the sensitivity of th ...
... excitation of the subliminal fringe caused by the tap-induced muscle stretch, it causes the neurons in the subliminal fringe to discharge. The reflex contraction will therefore be larger than normal. There may also be some influence of increased (motoneuron activity, increasing the sensitivity of th ...
LYRICA (pregabalin) eLearning System
... The somatic (or voluntary) nervous system allows interaction with the external environment. Its functions — such as movement of skeletal muscles — are under an individual's control. These nervous system divisions are schematically illustrated in Figure 1C. Figure 1C: Voluntary and Involuntary Nervou ...
... The somatic (or voluntary) nervous system allows interaction with the external environment. Its functions — such as movement of skeletal muscles — are under an individual's control. These nervous system divisions are schematically illustrated in Figure 1C. Figure 1C: Voluntary and Involuntary Nervou ...
Central projections of auditory receptor neurons of crickets
... corresponding to ⬃20 m. There is no significant relationship along the A-P axis (Fig. 4B; n ⫽ 29, r2 ⫽ 0.054, P ⫽ 0.225). Nor is there a significant relationship between CF and M-L position within any of the three receptor populations (low-frequency receptors, n ⫽ 14, r2 ⫽ 0.06, P ⫽ 0.4; mid-frequenc ...
... corresponding to ⬃20 m. There is no significant relationship along the A-P axis (Fig. 4B; n ⫽ 29, r2 ⫽ 0.054, P ⫽ 0.225). Nor is there a significant relationship between CF and M-L position within any of the three receptor populations (low-frequency receptors, n ⫽ 14, r2 ⫽ 0.06, P ⫽ 0.4; mid-frequenc ...
Document
... from the brain (not the spinal cord) – These nerves are on the ventrolateral surface of the brain – They are numbered beginning at the anterior aspect of the brain – They are numbered CN I to CN XII ...
... from the brain (not the spinal cord) – These nerves are on the ventrolateral surface of the brain – They are numbered beginning at the anterior aspect of the brain – They are numbered CN I to CN XII ...
Spike-timing-dependent plasticity: common themes
... When the time constants of potentiation and depression in the window function are identical (Fig. 1B, E), STDP discourages the formation of short, mutually excitatory loops. Namely, if neuron A is predictive of the firing of neuron B, then neuron B cannot be predictive of the firing of neuron A and mu ...
... When the time constants of potentiation and depression in the window function are identical (Fig. 1B, E), STDP discourages the formation of short, mutually excitatory loops. Namely, if neuron A is predictive of the firing of neuron B, then neuron B cannot be predictive of the firing of neuron A and mu ...
Dopamine Modulates the Function of Group II and Group III
... Parkinsonian state, an agonist of group II mGluRs could selectively reduce the increased excitatory drive through the indirect pathway. In contrast, we have shown that group III mGluRs are presynaptically located on excitatory and inhibitory terminals projecting to SNr neurons and that activation of ...
... Parkinsonian state, an agonist of group II mGluRs could selectively reduce the increased excitatory drive through the indirect pathway. In contrast, we have shown that group III mGluRs are presynaptically located on excitatory and inhibitory terminals projecting to SNr neurons and that activation of ...
Common Input to Motor Neurons Innervating the Same and Different
... divergent projections that provide common synaptic input across motor neurons. The extent of synchrony thus allows insight as to how the inputs to motor neurons are distributed. Our particular interest relates to the organization of extrinsic finger muscles that give rise distally to multiple tendon ...
... divergent projections that provide common synaptic input across motor neurons. The extent of synchrony thus allows insight as to how the inputs to motor neurons are distributed. Our particular interest relates to the organization of extrinsic finger muscles that give rise distally to multiple tendon ...
Medical Gross Anatomy - University of Michigan
... homeostasis via two opposing divisions: the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems innervate most of the body's organs and act in opposition to one another to maintain normal physiology, including blood pressure, blood oxygen levels, a ...
... homeostasis via two opposing divisions: the sympathetic division and the parasympathetic division. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems innervate most of the body's organs and act in opposition to one another to maintain normal physiology, including blood pressure, blood oxygen levels, a ...
End-plate potential
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Endspike.jpg?width=300)
End plate potentials (EPPs) are the depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called ""end plates"" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, vesicles carrying neurotransmitters (mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and lead to its depolarization. In the absence of an action potential, acetylcholine vesicles spontaneously leak into the neuromuscular junction and cause very small depolarizations in the postsynaptic membrane. This small response (~0.5mV) is called a miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and is generated by one acetylcholine-containing vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle.