Document
... EvBrain is a form of evolutionary software that can evolve "brainlike" neural networks, such as the network immediately behind the retina. Since November 2008, IBM received a $4.9 million grant from the Pentagon for research into creating intelligent computers. The Blue Brain project is being conduc ...
... EvBrain is a form of evolutionary software that can evolve "brainlike" neural networks, such as the network immediately behind the retina. Since November 2008, IBM received a $4.9 million grant from the Pentagon for research into creating intelligent computers. The Blue Brain project is being conduc ...
Cell-Type Specific Channelopathies in the Prefrontal Cortex of the
... frequency. Single action potentials (APs) were elicited using just-threshold current injections of various durations. AP threshold was defined as the voltage where the first derivative first exceeded 20 mV/ms. Simulated synaptic currents were generated with exponentially rising (dendrite % 0.2 ms; s ...
... frequency. Single action potentials (APs) were elicited using just-threshold current injections of various durations. AP threshold was defined as the voltage where the first derivative first exceeded 20 mV/ms. Simulated synaptic currents were generated with exponentially rising (dendrite % 0.2 ms; s ...
Biophysical Properties and Responses to Neurotransmitters of
... Downloaded from http://jn.physiology.org/ by 10.220.32.246 on April 28, 2017 ...
... Downloaded from http://jn.physiology.org/ by 10.220.32.246 on April 28, 2017 ...
Down - 서울대 : Biointelligence lab
... all presynaptic spike trains) in simulation of an IF-neuron with 1000 input channels. The spike trains that lead to the results shown by stars were generated with each weight value fixed to value 0.015. The cross-correlations are consistent with zero when considered within the variance indicated by ...
... all presynaptic spike trains) in simulation of an IF-neuron with 1000 input channels. The spike trains that lead to the results shown by stars were generated with each weight value fixed to value 0.015. The cross-correlations are consistent with zero when considered within the variance indicated by ...
Subthalamic Stimulation-Induced Synaptic Responses in Substantia
... Iribe, Yuri, Kevin Moore, Kevin C. H. Pang, and James M. Tepper. Subthalamic stimulation-induced synaptic responses in substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 925–933, 1999. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is one of the principal sources of excitatory glutama ...
... Iribe, Yuri, Kevin Moore, Kevin C. H. Pang, and James M. Tepper. Subthalamic stimulation-induced synaptic responses in substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 82: 925–933, 1999. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is one of the principal sources of excitatory glutama ...
Different Subthreshold Mechanisms Underlie Song Selectivity in
... estimate input resistance, and instantaneous and mean firing rates, as well as the latency to the first spike, were calculated in response to positive current pulses (⫹200 to 1000 pA; 1 sec duration) using custom LabView software. Three- to five-minute-long spontaneous membrane potential records wer ...
... estimate input resistance, and instantaneous and mean firing rates, as well as the latency to the first spike, were calculated in response to positive current pulses (⫹200 to 1000 pA; 1 sec duration) using custom LabView software. Three- to five-minute-long spontaneous membrane potential records wer ...
The Molecular Basis of Odor Coding in the Drosophila Antenna
... to that of the corresponding wild-type ORN. These results confirm the fidelity of the mapping and are consistent with a model in which a single receptor defines the response profile of an ORN. To further confirm the apparent matches between receptors and ORNs, we represented the tuning of the 24 rec ...
... to that of the corresponding wild-type ORN. These results confirm the fidelity of the mapping and are consistent with a model in which a single receptor defines the response profile of an ORN. To further confirm the apparent matches between receptors and ORNs, we represented the tuning of the 24 rec ...
Contacts among non-sister dendritic branches at
... Fig. 2 – BDIs are frequent, non-random, stable and activity regulated structures: Analysis was performed either on 12DIV cultures immunostained for MAP2, or on phase-contrast time-lapse series of images. Treatments were administered for the final 48 h before immunostaining. (A) Neuronal cultures exh ...
... Fig. 2 – BDIs are frequent, non-random, stable and activity regulated structures: Analysis was performed either on 12DIV cultures immunostained for MAP2, or on phase-contrast time-lapse series of images. Treatments were administered for the final 48 h before immunostaining. (A) Neuronal cultures exh ...
The Dialectics of Hebb and Homeostasis within
... Synaptic scaling and other homeostatic mechanisms have been suggested to serve two main functions in neural circuits. First, they provide a means by which complicated and highly recurrent networks can self-tune the balance of excitation and inhibition to maintain or restore stable function (Turrigia ...
... Synaptic scaling and other homeostatic mechanisms have been suggested to serve two main functions in neural circuits. First, they provide a means by which complicated and highly recurrent networks can self-tune the balance of excitation and inhibition to maintain or restore stable function (Turrigia ...
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
... secretions, urinary bladder emptying, sweating, body temperature, and many other activities • Some of the above functions are controlled almost entirely and some only partially by the autonomic nervous system. ...
... secretions, urinary bladder emptying, sweating, body temperature, and many other activities • Some of the above functions are controlled almost entirely and some only partially by the autonomic nervous system. ...
Axonal Dopamine Receptors Activate Peripheral Spike
... Dopamine elicited tonic “extraburst” spiking in PD neurons and increased the cycle frequency of the pyloric rhythm In H. americanus, when the modulatory input from the CoGs and the OG to the STG is removed by blocking impulse activity in the stn, the AB and the two PD neurons continue to cycle at a ...
... Dopamine elicited tonic “extraburst” spiking in PD neurons and increased the cycle frequency of the pyloric rhythm In H. americanus, when the modulatory input from the CoGs and the OG to the STG is removed by blocking impulse activity in the stn, the AB and the two PD neurons continue to cycle at a ...
Deleterious effects of amyloid beta peptide in the neuromuscular
... Pre-treatment of 1 h with Riluzole (5 µmol/L) displayed a significant protective effect on the mean size of NMJ after 24 h and 48 h of exposure to Aβ (2,5 µmol/L). Riluzole, a Na+ channel blocker, fully protected NMJ from Aβ injuries. Riluzole is known to reduce intracellular increases of Na+ and to ...
... Pre-treatment of 1 h with Riluzole (5 µmol/L) displayed a significant protective effect on the mean size of NMJ after 24 h and 48 h of exposure to Aβ (2,5 µmol/L). Riluzole, a Na+ channel blocker, fully protected NMJ from Aβ injuries. Riluzole is known to reduce intracellular increases of Na+ and to ...
Nervous System - El Camino College
... A particular neuron of a pool may receive excitatory or inhibitory stimulation; if the net effect is excitatory but subthreshold, the neuron becomes more excitable to incoming stimulation (a ...
... A particular neuron of a pool may receive excitatory or inhibitory stimulation; if the net effect is excitatory but subthreshold, the neuron becomes more excitable to incoming stimulation (a ...
Effects of uniform extracellular DC electric fields on excitability in rat
... We characterized the effects of uniform extracellular DC electric fields on rat hippocampal function in vitro using field, intracellular and voltage-sensitive dye recordings. These approaches provide the first detailed spatiotemporal map of neuronal polarization, demonstrating differences in the pea ...
... We characterized the effects of uniform extracellular DC electric fields on rat hippocampal function in vitro using field, intracellular and voltage-sensitive dye recordings. These approaches provide the first detailed spatiotemporal map of neuronal polarization, demonstrating differences in the pea ...
PDF
... initiation zones, which interact via dendritic and somatic spikes actively propagating in all directions within the dendritic tree. For these neurons, therefore, both the location and timing of synaptic inputs are critical. The time window for which the backpropagating action potential can influence ...
... initiation zones, which interact via dendritic and somatic spikes actively propagating in all directions within the dendritic tree. For these neurons, therefore, both the location and timing of synaptic inputs are critical. The time window for which the backpropagating action potential can influence ...
Anandamide as an intracellular messenger regulating ion channel
... phosphorylation state of the channel. Indeed, anandamide has been shown previously to directly inhibit Shaker-related voltage sensitive K+ -channels at low micromolar concentrations [41]. Although the effect was shared by THC and other polyunsaturated Nacylethanolamines, it was insensitive towards b ...
... phosphorylation state of the channel. Indeed, anandamide has been shown previously to directly inhibit Shaker-related voltage sensitive K+ -channels at low micromolar concentrations [41]. Although the effect was shared by THC and other polyunsaturated Nacylethanolamines, it was insensitive towards b ...
Passive Properties of Swimmeret Motor Neurons
... either oscillating or oscillating and firing in phase with the swimmeret motor pattern had lower average membrane potentials and longer time constants than those that were not oscillating. When the state of the swimmeret system changed from quiescence to continuous production of the motor pattern, t ...
... either oscillating or oscillating and firing in phase with the swimmeret motor pattern had lower average membrane potentials and longer time constants than those that were not oscillating. When the state of the swimmeret system changed from quiescence to continuous production of the motor pattern, t ...
Introducing a New Product
... Somatic motor division carries information to the somatic effectors (skeletal muscles) ...
... Somatic motor division carries information to the somatic effectors (skeletal muscles) ...
Glycine Binding Sites of Presynaptic NMDA Receptors May
... release, we employed 7-Cl KYNA, an antagonist of the glycine binding site of the NMDA-Rs. As shown in Fig. 3D, inclusion of 7-Cl KYNA (20 M) in the extracellular solution blocked the postsynaptic NMDA component and reduced the frequency of the mEPSCs (control, 1.9 ⫾ 0.7 Hz vs. treated, 1.1 ⫾ 0.4 Hz ...
... release, we employed 7-Cl KYNA, an antagonist of the glycine binding site of the NMDA-Rs. As shown in Fig. 3D, inclusion of 7-Cl KYNA (20 M) in the extracellular solution blocked the postsynaptic NMDA component and reduced the frequency of the mEPSCs (control, 1.9 ⫾ 0.7 Hz vs. treated, 1.1 ⫾ 0.4 Hz ...
The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes
... arousal, competition, stress, danger, anger, or fear. Ordinarily, however, the sympathetic division has more subtle effects that we notice barely, if at all. The parasympathetic division, by comparison, has a calming effect on many body functions. It is associated with reduced energy expenditure and ...
... arousal, competition, stress, danger, anger, or fear. Ordinarily, however, the sympathetic division has more subtle effects that we notice barely, if at all. The parasympathetic division, by comparison, has a calming effect on many body functions. It is associated with reduced energy expenditure and ...
Rapid Translocation of Zn 2+ from Nerve Terminals
... and Christopher J. Frederickson. Rapid translocation of Zn2⫹ from presynaptic terminals into postsynaptic hippocampal neurons after physiological stimulation. J Neurophysiol 86: 2597–2604, 2001. Zn2⫹ is found in glutamatergic nerve terminals throughout the mammalian forebrain and has diverse extrace ...
... and Christopher J. Frederickson. Rapid translocation of Zn2⫹ from presynaptic terminals into postsynaptic hippocampal neurons after physiological stimulation. J Neurophysiol 86: 2597–2604, 2001. Zn2⫹ is found in glutamatergic nerve terminals throughout the mammalian forebrain and has diverse extrace ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... v) There was no statistically significant difference in sensory conduction velocity in obese and controls. V. Discussion Thus in present study it was found that latency and amplitude were significantly different in obese and control group while no significant change in sensory and motor conduction v ...
... v) There was no statistically significant difference in sensory conduction velocity in obese and controls. V. Discussion Thus in present study it was found that latency and amplitude were significantly different in obese and control group while no significant change in sensory and motor conduction v ...
Bilateral communication between
... expression of chemoattractants and chemorepulsants in a highly coordinated site specific fashion any alterations in signaling between mesenchymal cells and neuronal growth cones can lead to significant variations (14). Specifically, such developmental abnormalities for axonal guidance in the coracob ...
... expression of chemoattractants and chemorepulsants in a highly coordinated site specific fashion any alterations in signaling between mesenchymal cells and neuronal growth cones can lead to significant variations (14). Specifically, such developmental abnormalities for axonal guidance in the coracob ...
Betz et al
... comes from degenerating nerves: injection of lipid extracts of peripheral nerves into normal muscles causes sprouting of motor nerve terminals (Hoffmann, 1950), as does dorsal root section, which produces degenerating sensory nerves without motor denervation (Brown, Holland & Ironton, 1978). While p ...
... comes from degenerating nerves: injection of lipid extracts of peripheral nerves into normal muscles causes sprouting of motor nerve terminals (Hoffmann, 1950), as does dorsal root section, which produces degenerating sensory nerves without motor denervation (Brown, Holland & Ironton, 1978). While p ...
Investigating Anatomical and Molecular Aspects of
... whereas Group II afferents are mainly sensitive to maintained or static stretch (Mathews, 1981; Nicholls et al., 2012). While MS are classically understood to oversee length changes in skeletal muscle, GTOs are known for increased activity during active muscle contraction and thus contribute to pro ...
... whereas Group II afferents are mainly sensitive to maintained or static stretch (Mathews, 1981; Nicholls et al., 2012). While MS are classically understood to oversee length changes in skeletal muscle, GTOs are known for increased activity during active muscle contraction and thus contribute to pro ...
End-plate potential
End plate potentials (EPPs) are the depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called ""end plates"" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, vesicles carrying neurotransmitters (mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and lead to its depolarization. In the absence of an action potential, acetylcholine vesicles spontaneously leak into the neuromuscular junction and cause very small depolarizations in the postsynaptic membrane. This small response (~0.5mV) is called a miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and is generated by one acetylcholine-containing vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle.