The Time Course and Amplitude of EPSPs Evoked at Synapses
... depolarization. Single-fiber EPSPs can also be analyzed for quanta1 fluctuations, thereby separating presynaptic effects from postsynaptic changes during alterations in synaptic strength. These types of analyses have been pursued at the monosynaptic connection formed between a single group Ia axon a ...
... depolarization. Single-fiber EPSPs can also be analyzed for quanta1 fluctuations, thereby separating presynaptic effects from postsynaptic changes during alterations in synaptic strength. These types of analyses have been pursued at the monosynaptic connection formed between a single group Ia axon a ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... intervals (ISIs). (A) data from recordings of one cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike t ...
... intervals (ISIs). (A) data from recordings of one cortical cell (Brodmann’s area 46) that fired without task-relevant characteristics with an average firing rate of about 15 spikes/s. The coefficient of variation of the spike trains is Cv ≈ 1.09. (B) Simulated data from a Poisson distributed spike t ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
... The gray matter of the higher brain undergoes spreading depolarization in response to ischemia, which increases metabolic demand and so promotes acute neuronal injury. The molecular mechanism linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has ...
... The gray matter of the higher brain undergoes spreading depolarization in response to ischemia, which increases metabolic demand and so promotes acute neuronal injury. The molecular mechanism linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has ...
Behavioral Response and Transmitter Release During Atonia
... (1954) reported that electrical stimulation of the medial medulla increases motor activity in awake, chronic animals. However, rapid suppression of muscle tone with stimulation of the medial medulla in sleep in intact, unrestrained behaving animals has not been reported. The goal of the first part o ...
... (1954) reported that electrical stimulation of the medial medulla increases motor activity in awake, chronic animals. However, rapid suppression of muscle tone with stimulation of the medial medulla in sleep in intact, unrestrained behaving animals has not been reported. The goal of the first part o ...
Molecules and circuits involved in nicotine addiction: The many
... originating in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and terminating in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Nicotine can stimulate the firing rate of VTA neurons (Grenhoff et al., 1986; Picciotto et al., 1998), induces DA release from isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) (Grady et al., 1992) and increases the ...
... originating in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and terminating in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Nicotine can stimulate the firing rate of VTA neurons (Grenhoff et al., 1986; Picciotto et al., 1998), induces DA release from isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) (Grady et al., 1992) and increases the ...
PDF - Bellen Lab
... (Novick et al., 1980; Harrison et al., 1994; Wu et al., 1998). Therefore, it has been suggested that the syntaxin-Munc-18/n-Sec1 interaction positively regulates secretion (Bajjalieh and Scheller, 1995; Dresbach et al., 1998). However, more recent studies of ROP, the Drosophila Sec1 homolog, have de ...
... (Novick et al., 1980; Harrison et al., 1994; Wu et al., 1998). Therefore, it has been suggested that the syntaxin-Munc-18/n-Sec1 interaction positively regulates secretion (Bajjalieh and Scheller, 1995; Dresbach et al., 1998). However, more recent studies of ROP, the Drosophila Sec1 homolog, have de ...
Electrical Stimulation of the Horizontal Limb of the Diagonal Band
... Electrical stimulation As summarized schematically in Fig. 2, bipolar stimulation electrodes (100 mm stainless steel, Formvar-insulated except at the tips, twisted together) were placed in the LOT (4.7 mm anterior; 3.4 mm lateral; 5.2 ventral from bregma), in pPC (3.6 mm posterior, 3.0 mm lateral (1 ...
... Electrical stimulation As summarized schematically in Fig. 2, bipolar stimulation electrodes (100 mm stainless steel, Formvar-insulated except at the tips, twisted together) were placed in the LOT (4.7 mm anterior; 3.4 mm lateral; 5.2 ventral from bregma), in pPC (3.6 mm posterior, 3.0 mm lateral (1 ...
Ultrastructural Characterization of Gerbil Olivocochlear Neurons
... abundant on the surface of the nucleus closest to a dendritic trunk. Silver grains resulting from D-ASP decay were found over both the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.The cytoplasm of D-ASP OC neuronscontains mostly small, disorderly arrays of rough endoplasmicreticulum, each array containing l-5 cisterna ...
... abundant on the surface of the nucleus closest to a dendritic trunk. Silver grains resulting from D-ASP decay were found over both the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.The cytoplasm of D-ASP OC neuronscontains mostly small, disorderly arrays of rough endoplasmicreticulum, each array containing l-5 cisterna ...
Fine structural analysis of extraocular muscle spindles of a
... but were absent from damaged chain fibers and from anomalous fibers. One "false spindle" without a periaxial space was composed of three anomalous fibers and one chain fiber, all of them devoid of sensory terminals. CONCLUSIONS. Most structural particularities of human EOM spindles described in aged ...
... but were absent from damaged chain fibers and from anomalous fibers. One "false spindle" without a periaxial space was composed of three anomalous fibers and one chain fiber, all of them devoid of sensory terminals. CONCLUSIONS. Most structural particularities of human EOM spindles described in aged ...
Fine structural analysis of extraocular muscle spindles of a two
... but were absent from damaged chain fibers and from anomalous fibers. One "false spindle" without a periaxial space was composed of three anomalous fibers and one chain fiber, all of them devoid of sensory terminals. CONCLUSIONS. Most structural particularities of human EOM spindles described in aged ...
... but were absent from damaged chain fibers and from anomalous fibers. One "false spindle" without a periaxial space was composed of three anomalous fibers and one chain fiber, all of them devoid of sensory terminals. CONCLUSIONS. Most structural particularities of human EOM spindles described in aged ...
Inhibitory Plasticity Balances Excitation and Inhibition in Sensory
... resulting high number of pairs of pre- and postsynaptic spikes led to relatively indiscriminate strengthening of all inhibitory synapses (Fig. 1, D and E, middle) until excitatory and inhibitory membrane currents became approximately balanced and the postsynaptic firing rate was dramatically reduced ...
... resulting high number of pairs of pre- and postsynaptic spikes led to relatively indiscriminate strengthening of all inhibitory synapses (Fig. 1, D and E, middle) until excitatory and inhibitory membrane currents became approximately balanced and the postsynaptic firing rate was dramatically reduced ...
Lester-Lect to CaltechAssociates-Nov
... Cholinergic, Dopaminergic, and GABAergic neurons in Hindbrain & Midbrain Upregulated a4* nAChRs ...
... Cholinergic, Dopaminergic, and GABAergic neurons in Hindbrain & Midbrain Upregulated a4* nAChRs ...
The Control of Rate and Timing of Spikes in the Deep Cerebellar
... that of the mean inhibitory conductance. Vsyn can be computed from the inhibitory and excitatory conductances as: Vsyn ⫽ (Eex * Gex ⫹ Ein * Gin) / (Gex ⫹ Gin). The membrane potential trajectory (Fig. 1 B, black trace) followed fluctuations in Vsyn quite well. These fluctuations reflect the changing ...
... that of the mean inhibitory conductance. Vsyn can be computed from the inhibitory and excitatory conductances as: Vsyn ⫽ (Eex * Gex ⫹ Ein * Gin) / (Gex ⫹ Gin). The membrane potential trajectory (Fig. 1 B, black trace) followed fluctuations in Vsyn quite well. These fluctuations reflect the changing ...
the resonate-and-fire neuron: time dependent and frequency
... characterizes nerve cells, and panel (B) represents a general model neuron. The cell body corresponds to the metabollic center of a neuron, and it gives rise to two types of processes - the dendrites and the axon. The dendrites, commonly referred to as the dendritic tree, serve as the main apparatus ...
... characterizes nerve cells, and panel (B) represents a general model neuron. The cell body corresponds to the metabollic center of a neuron, and it gives rise to two types of processes - the dendrites and the axon. The dendrites, commonly referred to as the dendritic tree, serve as the main apparatus ...
Chapter 9
... Other neurotransmitters may decrease membrane permeability to sodium ions, reducing the chance that it will reach threshold, and are thus inhibitory. ...
... Other neurotransmitters may decrease membrane permeability to sodium ions, reducing the chance that it will reach threshold, and are thus inhibitory. ...
Chapter 9- Nervous System Lecture 9.1
... a stimulus, it responds completely by conducting an impulse (all-ornone response). ...
... a stimulus, it responds completely by conducting an impulse (all-ornone response). ...
Feedforward and feedback inhibition in neostriatal GABAergic spiny
... The basal ganglia comprise the largest subcortical system in the brain extending from the telencephalon through the midbrain. Among the many unique features of the basal ganglia is the fact that it is composed almost entirely ( 98.8%; see Tepper et al., 2007) of GABAergic neurons. The neostriatum, t ...
... The basal ganglia comprise the largest subcortical system in the brain extending from the telencephalon through the midbrain. Among the many unique features of the basal ganglia is the fact that it is composed almost entirely ( 98.8%; see Tepper et al., 2007) of GABAergic neurons. The neostriatum, t ...
Computation with Spikes in a Winner-Take-All Network
... asynchronous and time-continuous computation inherent in biological nervous systems. Neuron models with analog inputs and analog outputs can be converted into models with spiking output if a thresholding operating is introduced to the neuron. Coultrip, Granger, and Lynch (1992) is an early theoretic ...
... asynchronous and time-continuous computation inherent in biological nervous systems. Neuron models with analog inputs and analog outputs can be converted into models with spiking output if a thresholding operating is introduced to the neuron. Coultrip, Granger, and Lynch (1992) is an early theoretic ...
Anticipated synchronization in neuronal circuits
... systems coupled in a master-slave configuration when the slave is subject to a negative delayed self-feedback. Many examples of AS dynamics have been found in different systems, however, theoretical and experimental evidence for it in the brain has been lacking. In this thesis work we investigate th ...
... systems coupled in a master-slave configuration when the slave is subject to a negative delayed self-feedback. Many examples of AS dynamics have been found in different systems, however, theoretical and experimental evidence for it in the brain has been lacking. In this thesis work we investigate th ...
The Trigeminal and Facial Nerves
... Multiple studies are the best way to show the progression of axonal loss. For the first few days after injury, distal stimulation may show a normal response. From days following the onset to a week the amplitude will drop showing progression of injury and nerve degeneration. A prognosis is good if t ...
... Multiple studies are the best way to show the progression of axonal loss. For the first few days after injury, distal stimulation may show a normal response. From days following the onset to a week the amplitude will drop showing progression of injury and nerve degeneration. A prognosis is good if t ...
Activity Regulates the Synaptic Localization of the NMDA Receptor
... with Figures 5E and 5G). In control spontaneously active neurons, we calculated (by combining the data in Figures 3 and 6) that 49% of the synaptic sites defined by synaptophysin clusters were not apposed to either GluR1 or NR1 clusters, 23% were apposed to GluR1 clusters alone, 19% to NR1 clusters ...
... with Figures 5E and 5G). In control spontaneously active neurons, we calculated (by combining the data in Figures 3 and 6) that 49% of the synaptic sites defined by synaptophysin clusters were not apposed to either GluR1 or NR1 clusters, 23% were apposed to GluR1 clusters alone, 19% to NR1 clusters ...
End-plate potential
End plate potentials (EPPs) are the depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called ""end plates"" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, vesicles carrying neurotransmitters (mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and lead to its depolarization. In the absence of an action potential, acetylcholine vesicles spontaneously leak into the neuromuscular junction and cause very small depolarizations in the postsynaptic membrane. This small response (~0.5mV) is called a miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and is generated by one acetylcholine-containing vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle.