PRINCIPLES OF NEUROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 6
... errors could be especially problematic for ORNs, which have a large number of near-zero responses and for which small errors in average spike rate estimates could produce large changes in rank order. To quantify the extent to which rank order differs between an ORN class and its corresponding PN cla ...
... errors could be especially problematic for ORNs, which have a large number of near-zero responses and for which small errors in average spike rate estimates could produce large changes in rank order. To quantify the extent to which rank order differs between an ORN class and its corresponding PN cla ...
Relative Contributions of Specific Activity Histories and
... has recently been shown that synapse size fluctuations in the cerebral cortex of adult mice are at least as large as those observed in culture ([15]; see also [4]); in fact, the degree of such size fluctuations is comparable to the magnitude of size changes induced by experimental stimulation paradi ...
... has recently been shown that synapse size fluctuations in the cerebral cortex of adult mice are at least as large as those observed in culture ([15]; see also [4]); in fact, the degree of such size fluctuations is comparable to the magnitude of size changes induced by experimental stimulation paradi ...
TESIS DOCTORAL Regulación de la plasticidad y de la capacidad
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that contribute to fine-tuning regulation of gene expression by mRNA destabilization and/or translational repression. Many approaches have been used to clarify the role of individual miRNAs but, recently, a new hypothesis about their mechanism of action p ...
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs that contribute to fine-tuning regulation of gene expression by mRNA destabilization and/or translational repression. Many approaches have been used to clarify the role of individual miRNAs but, recently, a new hypothesis about their mechanism of action p ...
Specialized prefrontal "auditory fields": organization of primate
... keeping track of information for future decisions. These patterns suggest that the auditory association links of area 10 are critical for complex cognition. The first part of this review focuses on the organization of prefrontal-auditory pathways at the level of the system and the synapse, with a pa ...
... keeping track of information for future decisions. These patterns suggest that the auditory association links of area 10 are critical for complex cognition. The first part of this review focuses on the organization of prefrontal-auditory pathways at the level of the system and the synapse, with a pa ...
Hepatic but Not CNS-Expressed Human C
... Two of the original five transgenic mice (nCRPtg8 and nCRPtg10) were sacrificed and used to confirm that CRP mRNA was expressed and appropriately processed in vivo (Figure 1(b)) and that CRP protein was present in the CNS (Figure 1(c)). In situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labelled riboprobes and ...
... Two of the original five transgenic mice (nCRPtg8 and nCRPtg10) were sacrificed and used to confirm that CRP mRNA was expressed and appropriately processed in vivo (Figure 1(b)) and that CRP protein was present in the CNS (Figure 1(c)). In situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labelled riboprobes and ...
Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and
... skipping (21, 25, 26) as well as a scaffold for nuclear bodies through interactions with survival motor neuron protein (27). TDP-43 is normally localized primarily to the nucleus, but our data indicate that, under pathological conditions in FTLD-U, TDP-43 is eliminated from nuclei of UBI-bearing neu ...
... skipping (21, 25, 26) as well as a scaffold for nuclear bodies through interactions with survival motor neuron protein (27). TDP-43 is normally localized primarily to the nucleus, but our data indicate that, under pathological conditions in FTLD-U, TDP-43 is eliminated from nuclei of UBI-bearing neu ...
α7 and β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunits Form
... Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. A total of 11 nAChR subunits (α2–7, α9–10, and β2–4) have been cloned from mammalian neuronal tissue [1]. Of these, the α7 and α9 subunits can form homomeric receptors when expressed in heterologous express ...
... Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. A total of 11 nAChR subunits (α2–7, α9–10, and β2–4) have been cloned from mammalian neuronal tissue [1]. Of these, the α7 and α9 subunits can form homomeric receptors when expressed in heterologous express ...
Number, Density, and Surface/Cytoplasmic
... section for bleaching, measured previously as 4.7 ⫻ 10 ⫺3 (centimeters squared per Joule) (Chiu et al., 2001), and I is the laser intensity (Watts per centimeters squared). For instance, 0.57 W laser power (a typical value) applied to a 50-m-square region implies that the bleaching amounts to 8.7% ...
... section for bleaching, measured previously as 4.7 ⫻ 10 ⫺3 (centimeters squared per Joule) (Chiu et al., 2001), and I is the laser intensity (Watts per centimeters squared). For instance, 0.57 W laser power (a typical value) applied to a 50-m-square region implies that the bleaching amounts to 8.7% ...
the effects of microstimulation and microlesions in the ventral and
... greatly (Gromysz and Karczewski, 1980; Karczewski and Gromysz, 1980). However, similar lesions in the rostral NRA, the retrofacial nucleus, and the facial nucleus did alter respiratory rhythm in a consistent fashion. The present experiments were designed to investigate further the possible roles of ...
... greatly (Gromysz and Karczewski, 1980; Karczewski and Gromysz, 1980). However, similar lesions in the rostral NRA, the retrofacial nucleus, and the facial nucleus did alter respiratory rhythm in a consistent fashion. The present experiments were designed to investigate further the possible roles of ...
Activity dynamics and behavioral correlates of CA3 and CA1
... The CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons are the major principal cell types of the hippocampus proper. The strongly recurrent collateral system of CA3 cells and the largely parallel-organized CA1 neurons suggest that these regions perform distinct computations. However, a comprehensive comparison between C ...
... The CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons are the major principal cell types of the hippocampus proper. The strongly recurrent collateral system of CA3 cells and the largely parallel-organized CA1 neurons suggest that these regions perform distinct computations. However, a comprehensive comparison between C ...
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy
... FIGURE 3.1.4 Most of the structures labeled on these slides are ones you have identified in earier views of this module. Try to reconcile the appearance of the structure here with that in views of the brain's surface. All the sections, except the 3 spinal cord ones, are clickable. Clicking on one le ...
... FIGURE 3.1.4 Most of the structures labeled on these slides are ones you have identified in earier views of this module. Try to reconcile the appearance of the structure here with that in views of the brain's surface. All the sections, except the 3 spinal cord ones, are clickable. Clicking on one le ...
cerebellum
... • The superior cerebellar peduncle carries mainly outputs from the cerebellum. • The superior cerebellar peduncles decussate in the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculi. • The middle and inferior carry mainly inputs. ...
... • The superior cerebellar peduncle carries mainly outputs from the cerebellum. • The superior cerebellar peduncles decussate in the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculi. • The middle and inferior carry mainly inputs. ...
Systematic Regional Variations in the Loss of Cortical Cholinergic
... buffer (pH 7.4) for 24-30 hr, then into graded concentrations of sucrose (10-40% in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, at 4°C) for cryoprotection. The slabs were then sectioned at 40 |un on a freezing microtome into 0.1 M phosphate buffer and stored at 4°C until used. Representative sections from each tissue b ...
... buffer (pH 7.4) for 24-30 hr, then into graded concentrations of sucrose (10-40% in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, at 4°C) for cryoprotection. The slabs were then sectioned at 40 |un on a freezing microtome into 0.1 M phosphate buffer and stored at 4°C until used. Representative sections from each tissue b ...
pain and emotion interactions in subregions of the cingulate gyrus
... In terms of a neurobiological model, the organization of the cingulate gyrus does not simply reflect locations in a three-dimensional coordinate system. As discussed previously, the regions reflect circuitry and functional organization15–17. Indeed, the fourregion model predicts the outcomes of info ...
... In terms of a neurobiological model, the organization of the cingulate gyrus does not simply reflect locations in a three-dimensional coordinate system. As discussed previously, the regions reflect circuitry and functional organization15–17. Indeed, the fourregion model predicts the outcomes of info ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... hippocampus, piriform cortex, neocortex and thalamus (Krnjevic and Phillis, 1963; Krjnevic et al., 1971; see review in Hasselmo, 1995). Here the review will focus on data regarding cholinergic modulation in the hippocampus and piriform cortex, but data from the neocortex suggests similar principles ...
... hippocampus, piriform cortex, neocortex and thalamus (Krnjevic and Phillis, 1963; Krjnevic et al., 1971; see review in Hasselmo, 1995). Here the review will focus on data regarding cholinergic modulation in the hippocampus and piriform cortex, but data from the neocortex suggests similar principles ...
Neurobiology of ADHD Gail Tripp , Review
... candidates discussed here in Fig. 1. At the top level shown in the figure are symptom lists and criteria for diagnosis. These do not identify etiology, pathophysiology, or the neural systems involved. However, they have been the basis of defining study populations for research into ADHD mechanisms. At ...
... candidates discussed here in Fig. 1. At the top level shown in the figure are symptom lists and criteria for diagnosis. These do not identify etiology, pathophysiology, or the neural systems involved. However, they have been the basis of defining study populations for research into ADHD mechanisms. At ...
Afferent Fiber Remodeling in the Somatosensory Thalamus of Mice
... behavior on the uninjured mandibular region of the face. The anatomical remodeling, emergence of ectopic receptive fields, and extraterritorial pain behavior all concomitantly developed within a week and lasted more than three months after the transection. Our findings, thus, indicate a strong linka ...
... behavior on the uninjured mandibular region of the face. The anatomical remodeling, emergence of ectopic receptive fields, and extraterritorial pain behavior all concomitantly developed within a week and lasted more than three months after the transection. Our findings, thus, indicate a strong linka ...
Similar Inhibitory Processes Dominate the Responses of Cat Lateral
... of the mechanisms governing LAT neuronal activity therefore is required for understanding the neuronal basis of these responses and more generally of emotional expression. Recent evidence suggests that local inhibitory processes are major determinants of LAT neuronal activity and are central to its ...
... of the mechanisms governing LAT neuronal activity therefore is required for understanding the neuronal basis of these responses and more generally of emotional expression. Recent evidence suggests that local inhibitory processes are major determinants of LAT neuronal activity and are central to its ...
Here follows a list of recently published papers
... http://t.co/avwjFHZA7z Deficiency of prion protein: impaired autophagic flux in neurons http://bit.ly/1mFLiM3 CA3 size predicts the precision of memory recall http://bit.ly/1mukcG9 " A Role for Tac2, NkB, and Nk3 Receptor in Normal and Dysregulated Fear Memory Consolidation http://www.cell.com/neuro ...
... http://t.co/avwjFHZA7z Deficiency of prion protein: impaired autophagic flux in neurons http://bit.ly/1mFLiM3 CA3 size predicts the precision of memory recall http://bit.ly/1mukcG9 " A Role for Tac2, NkB, and Nk3 Receptor in Normal and Dysregulated Fear Memory Consolidation http://www.cell.com/neuro ...
Synchronization of Fast (30-40 Hz)
... was verified on coronal or sagittal sections (80 pm) stained with thionine. Data analysis. Intracellular, extracellular, and field potentials were treated as time series and underwent time and spectral analyses. Timerelations between two channels were disclosed with cross-correlation functions (Bend ...
... was verified on coronal or sagittal sections (80 pm) stained with thionine. Data analysis. Intracellular, extracellular, and field potentials were treated as time series and underwent time and spectral analyses. Timerelations between two channels were disclosed with cross-correlation functions (Bend ...
Potassium Currents Responsible for Inward and Outward
... in response to hyperpolarizing voltage ramps (Jiang and North, 1991). Thus, these data suggest that I,,, is responsible for inward rectification and contributes to the resting potential of spiny projection neurons. The outward rectification of neostriatal spiny neurons is postulated to depend upon s ...
... in response to hyperpolarizing voltage ramps (Jiang and North, 1991). Thus, these data suggest that I,,, is responsible for inward rectification and contributes to the resting potential of spiny projection neurons. The outward rectification of neostriatal spiny neurons is postulated to depend upon s ...
Comparison of population coherence of place cells in hippocampal
... in accordance with NIH guidelines on the use of experimental animals and were approved by the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Twelve tetrodes were lowered to CA3, and 6 tetrodes were lowered to CA1. We specifically targeted the middle ...
... in accordance with NIH guidelines on the use of experimental animals and were approved by the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Twelve tetrodes were lowered to CA3, and 6 tetrodes were lowered to CA1. We specifically targeted the middle ...
Levels of kinesin light chain and dynein intermediate
... Accumulations of organelles and of various proteins in axons and in cell body of neurons are observed in a number of neurodegenerative diseases [11]. A disruption of axoplasmic transport, an essential mechanism for maintenance of neuronal function is thought to underly the formation of these lesions ...
... Accumulations of organelles and of various proteins in axons and in cell body of neurons are observed in a number of neurodegenerative diseases [11]. A disruption of axoplasmic transport, an essential mechanism for maintenance of neuronal function is thought to underly the formation of these lesions ...
A divergent canonical WNT-signaling pathway
... and cell polarity. Neurons are highly polarized cells in which microtubules are required for the formation and stability of axons and dendrites (Baas, 1999). Microtubules are highly dynamic polymers with a short half-life of minutes to seconds (for review see Desai and Mitchison, 1997). The dynamic ...
... and cell polarity. Neurons are highly polarized cells in which microtubules are required for the formation and stability of axons and dendrites (Baas, 1999). Microtubules are highly dynamic polymers with a short half-life of minutes to seconds (for review see Desai and Mitchison, 1997). The dynamic ...
Dopamine Receptor–Mediated Mechanisms Involved in the
... increase of regional blood flow in the putamen and globus pallidus in the process of learning sequential finger movements. Matsumoto et al. (1994) showed that there is a selective impairment of learning arm movement sequences after destruction of the nigrostriatal DA system by local infusion of dopa ...
... increase of regional blood flow in the putamen and globus pallidus in the process of learning sequential finger movements. Matsumoto et al. (1994) showed that there is a selective impairment of learning arm movement sequences after destruction of the nigrostriatal DA system by local infusion of dopa ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.