Representing Spatial Relationships in Posterior
... viewer-centered frames of reference. This provides evidence that the activity of a subpopulation of parietal neurons active in the construction task represented relative position as referenced to an object and not absolute position with respect to the viewer. ...
... viewer-centered frames of reference. This provides evidence that the activity of a subpopulation of parietal neurons active in the construction task represented relative position as referenced to an object and not absolute position with respect to the viewer. ...
Muscle tone regulation during REM sleep
... evidence that those REM-active neurons were cholinergic. For example, Steriade and colleagues demonstrated that most pontine neurons projecting to the thalamus are active during both REM sleep and wake (Steriade et al., 1990a,b). As both cholinergic and non-cholinergic (presumably glutamatergic) neu ...
... evidence that those REM-active neurons were cholinergic. For example, Steriade and colleagues demonstrated that most pontine neurons projecting to the thalamus are active during both REM sleep and wake (Steriade et al., 1990a,b). As both cholinergic and non-cholinergic (presumably glutamatergic) neu ...
JERZY KONORSKI`S THEORY OF CONDITIONED
... conditioned r e s p e s are the result of the mutual interaction betmeen two arcs of excibatolry conditioned reflexes. In the case of alimentary reflexes, one reflex arc is formed as an result of association of a definite conditioned stimulus with food, as an uncmditioned stimulus. The other reflex ...
... conditioned r e s p e s are the result of the mutual interaction betmeen two arcs of excibatolry conditioned reflexes. In the case of alimentary reflexes, one reflex arc is formed as an result of association of a definite conditioned stimulus with food, as an uncmditioned stimulus. The other reflex ...
Forebrain Origins and Terminations of the Medial Forebrain Bundle
... the anterior ventral tegmentum (C. Bielajew and P. Shizgal, manuscript submitted for publication; Gallistel et al., 1981). The detailed quantitative information from these new behavioral methods makes it reasonable to use microelectrode recording methods in a search for the somata of axons that cour ...
... the anterior ventral tegmentum (C. Bielajew and P. Shizgal, manuscript submitted for publication; Gallistel et al., 1981). The detailed quantitative information from these new behavioral methods makes it reasonable to use microelectrode recording methods in a search for the somata of axons that cour ...
Selective Loss of Calcitonin Gene–Related Peptide
... in the x and y directions for immunoreactive substance P A- and B-cells, whereas the step length for immunoreactive CGRP A- and B-cell counting was 120 –140 m in p75⫹/⫹ mice and 90 –100 m in p75⫺/⫺ mice. According to the penetration of antibodies and Z calibration of the stained neurons (20) (in t ...
... in the x and y directions for immunoreactive substance P A- and B-cells, whereas the step length for immunoreactive CGRP A- and B-cell counting was 120 –140 m in p75⫹/⫹ mice and 90 –100 m in p75⫺/⫺ mice. According to the penetration of antibodies and Z calibration of the stained neurons (20) (in t ...
Symptoms of Visceral Disease - Anatomy and Physiology Course
... Symptoms of Visceral Disease ............................................................................................................................. i A Study of The Vegetative Nervous System In Its Relationship To Clinical Medicine ..................................... i Table of Figures..... ...
... Symptoms of Visceral Disease ............................................................................................................................. i A Study of The Vegetative Nervous System In Its Relationship To Clinical Medicine ..................................... i Table of Figures..... ...
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... Recently, interest has grown in how the habenula, a poorly understood nucleus providing descending inputs to the tegmentum and raphe, may affect these behavioral states. We have used mouse genetic models to study part of this system, the dorsal medial habenula (dMHb). Here we report that the dMHb is ...
... Recently, interest has grown in how the habenula, a poorly understood nucleus providing descending inputs to the tegmentum and raphe, may affect these behavioral states. We have used mouse genetic models to study part of this system, the dorsal medial habenula (dMHb). Here we report that the dMHb is ...
- Northumbria Research Link
... involvement of structures within the medial and basal area of temporal lobes (Figure 2). Such an increase in the electrical activity in these regions of the brain is thought to reflect activation of the limbic system (hippocampus, denate nucleas and amygdaloid complex; 50). The limbic system plays a ...
... involvement of structures within the medial and basal area of temporal lobes (Figure 2). Such an increase in the electrical activity in these regions of the brain is thought to reflect activation of the limbic system (hippocampus, denate nucleas and amygdaloid complex; 50). The limbic system plays a ...
to the Proceedings
... Insects are highly mobile animals and, depending on species, show excellent performance in flight, walking, swimming, and jumping. Both by running and in flight, insects can cover considerable distances in short time. Seasonal migrations as well as precision in homing require sophisticated mechanism ...
... Insects are highly mobile animals and, depending on species, show excellent performance in flight, walking, swimming, and jumping. Both by running and in flight, insects can cover considerable distances in short time. Seasonal migrations as well as precision in homing require sophisticated mechanism ...
Loss of MECP2 leads to telomere dysfunction and
... In comparing multiple lines of cells, it is clear from our data that loss of MECP2 leads to ...
... In comparing multiple lines of cells, it is clear from our data that loss of MECP2 leads to ...
Section Summary
... • The osmoreceptors responsible for osmometric thirst are located in a region known as the lamina terminalis, found just rostral to the ventral portion of the third ventricle. • The lamina terminalis contains two specialized circumventricular organs: the OVLT and the SFO. • The brain contains severa ...
... • The osmoreceptors responsible for osmometric thirst are located in a region known as the lamina terminalis, found just rostral to the ventral portion of the third ventricle. • The lamina terminalis contains two specialized circumventricular organs: the OVLT and the SFO. • The brain contains severa ...
An Animal Model of Early-treated PKU
... Since Phe and tyrosine compete for the same transporter proteins to cross the blood-brain barrier, increases in the ratio of Phe to tyrosine in plasma result in less tyrosine crossing into the brain (Chirigos et al., 1960; Pardridge and Olendorf, 1977; Miller et al., 1985), especially since the tran ...
... Since Phe and tyrosine compete for the same transporter proteins to cross the blood-brain barrier, increases in the ratio of Phe to tyrosine in plasma result in less tyrosine crossing into the brain (Chirigos et al., 1960; Pardridge and Olendorf, 1977; Miller et al., 1985), especially since the tran ...
Role of High-Affinity Receptors and Membrane Transporters in
... the autonomic neuroeffector transmission site. In contrast to striatal muscle, autonomic neuroeffector systems are thus not organized in units, but the innervation is quite diffuse. The quantal release is less clearly established in the central nervous system (CNS), although evidence is presented th ...
... the autonomic neuroeffector transmission site. In contrast to striatal muscle, autonomic neuroeffector systems are thus not organized in units, but the innervation is quite diffuse. The quantal release is less clearly established in the central nervous system (CNS), although evidence is presented th ...
Document
... c. They help repair damage that might occur to neurons. d. All of these are functions of glial cells. Answer: b Page: 33 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension Difficulty: Medium APA Goal: Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 4. Perhaps the main reason that neurons can communicate over relatively great dis ...
... c. They help repair damage that might occur to neurons. d. All of these are functions of glial cells. Answer: b Page: 33 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension Difficulty: Medium APA Goal: Goal 1: Knowledge Base of Psychology 4. Perhaps the main reason that neurons can communicate over relatively great dis ...
Comparison of Primate Prefrontal and Inferior Temporal
... fundamental for normal cognition because it gives meaning to our sensory environment. Several recent studies have reported neuronal correlates of visual categories in two interconnected cortical areas involved in visual recognition, memory, and other visual functions: the inferior temporal cortex (I ...
... fundamental for normal cognition because it gives meaning to our sensory environment. Several recent studies have reported neuronal correlates of visual categories in two interconnected cortical areas involved in visual recognition, memory, and other visual functions: the inferior temporal cortex (I ...
Responses of Primate Caudal Parabrachial Nucleus and Ko¨lliker
... elevation responses (vertical plane plus ipsilateral yaw), and negative elevation axis responses (vertical plane plus negative yaw). The interactions between the velocity and integrated velocity components also produced variations in the temporal pattern of responses as a function of rotation direct ...
... elevation responses (vertical plane plus ipsilateral yaw), and negative elevation axis responses (vertical plane plus negative yaw). The interactions between the velocity and integrated velocity components also produced variations in the temporal pattern of responses as a function of rotation direct ...
Shared and distinct retinal input to the mouse superior colliculus and
... Fig. 1. The vast majority of RGCs, and the vast majority of dLGN-projecting RGCs, innervate the SC. A: 88% of mouse RGCs are retrogradely labeled from the SC. Top, confocal image of the ganglion cell layer of vGlut-Cre ⫻ Ai14 mouse retina ⬃7 days after ⬃100 nl of DiO were injected into the SC. DAPI ...
... Fig. 1. The vast majority of RGCs, and the vast majority of dLGN-projecting RGCs, innervate the SC. A: 88% of mouse RGCs are retrogradely labeled from the SC. Top, confocal image of the ganglion cell layer of vGlut-Cre ⫻ Ai14 mouse retina ⬃7 days after ⬃100 nl of DiO were injected into the SC. DAPI ...
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... exhibit facilitation to rapidly repeated sounds. Neurons in PAF do not exhibit strong selectivity for rate or direction of narrowband one octave FM sweeps. These results indicate that PAF, like nonprimary visual fields, processes sensory information on larger spectral and longer temporal scales than ...
... exhibit facilitation to rapidly repeated sounds. Neurons in PAF do not exhibit strong selectivity for rate or direction of narrowband one octave FM sweeps. These results indicate that PAF, like nonprimary visual fields, processes sensory information on larger spectral and longer temporal scales than ...
The Locus Ceruleus Responds to Signaling Molecules Obtained
... point, and plotted as a function of time after intraocular injection. Quantitative ultrastructural autoradiography. Sections through the optic tectum and the LoC were analyzed by ultrastructural autoradiography using protocols described previously (von Bartheld et al., 1996a; Butowt and von Bartheld ...
... point, and plotted as a function of time after intraocular injection. Quantitative ultrastructural autoradiography. Sections through the optic tectum and the LoC were analyzed by ultrastructural autoradiography using protocols described previously (von Bartheld et al., 1996a; Butowt and von Bartheld ...
Motif distribution, dynamical properties, and computational
... and inhibitory neocortical neurons, to which we will refer as functional connectivity in this paper. The second dataset assembled by Binzegger et al. (2004) was predicted from bouton and target densities in cat primary visual cortex estimated from three-dimensional cell reconstructions. This dataset ...
... and inhibitory neocortical neurons, to which we will refer as functional connectivity in this paper. The second dataset assembled by Binzegger et al. (2004) was predicted from bouton and target densities in cat primary visual cortex estimated from three-dimensional cell reconstructions. This dataset ...
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... Grutzendler et al., 2002; Zuo et al., 2005b). Spine maturation and spine pruning are dependent upon neural activity and play a key role in the activity-dependent refinement of neuronal connections (Churchill et al., 2002; Mataga et al., 2004; Ethell and Pasquale, 2005; Zuo et al., 2005b). Many physi ...
... Grutzendler et al., 2002; Zuo et al., 2005b). Spine maturation and spine pruning are dependent upon neural activity and play a key role in the activity-dependent refinement of neuronal connections (Churchill et al., 2002; Mataga et al., 2004; Ethell and Pasquale, 2005; Zuo et al., 2005b). Many physi ...
Gymnotiform JAR and communication
... nE↓/SPPn pathway alone control the JAR of Apteronotus? How is this pathway, which in Eigenmannia controls reductions in EOD rate during JAR, in Apteronotus able to raise the EOD rate in response to jamming signals with lower frequency? Even more surprisingly, SPPn input from the nE↓ appears to be me ...
... nE↓/SPPn pathway alone control the JAR of Apteronotus? How is this pathway, which in Eigenmannia controls reductions in EOD rate during JAR, in Apteronotus able to raise the EOD rate in response to jamming signals with lower frequency? Even more surprisingly, SPPn input from the nE↓ appears to be me ...
FULL TEXT PDF - Neuroendocrinology Letters
... attention because such work may be considered as providing proxy data for similar investigations conducted upon long extinct species. Indeed, the fossil record reveals little anatomical difference between those hagfish living 300 million years ago and their modern descendants. Accordingly, the hagfi ...
... attention because such work may be considered as providing proxy data for similar investigations conducted upon long extinct species. Indeed, the fossil record reveals little anatomical difference between those hagfish living 300 million years ago and their modern descendants. Accordingly, the hagfi ...
Quinto trabajo
... limited phenotypic abnormalities during development, but excitotoxic cell death can be partially prevented in adult striatum. Here, we have examined the compensatory mechanisms activated by the lack of Bax during striatal and cortical postnatal development, and in striatal excitotoxic lesion. Althou ...
... limited phenotypic abnormalities during development, but excitotoxic cell death can be partially prevented in adult striatum. Here, we have examined the compensatory mechanisms activated by the lack of Bax during striatal and cortical postnatal development, and in striatal excitotoxic lesion. Althou ...
Functional Independence of Layer IV Barrels in
... We therefore performed one experiment in which 14 additional, smaller lesions (10 ma, 10 s) were made in 7 penetrations, at 1,050 and 700 mm depths, in a line along the septal region between the ablated adjacent barrel and the test barrel. This procedure resulted in extensive damage to both the abla ...
... We therefore performed one experiment in which 14 additional, smaller lesions (10 ma, 10 s) were made in 7 penetrations, at 1,050 and 700 mm depths, in a line along the septal region between the ablated adjacent barrel and the test barrel. This procedure resulted in extensive damage to both the abla ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.