Huntingtin Aggregation Kinetics and Their Pathological
... protein. Mutant Huntingtin forms intracellular aggregates within neurons, although it is unclear whether aggregates or more soluble forms of the protein represent the pathogenic species. To examine the link between aggregation and neurodegeneration, we generated Drosophila melanogaster transgenic st ...
... protein. Mutant Huntingtin forms intracellular aggregates within neurons, although it is unclear whether aggregates or more soluble forms of the protein represent the pathogenic species. To examine the link between aggregation and neurodegeneration, we generated Drosophila melanogaster transgenic st ...
Anatomy of the nerves and ganglia of the aortic plexus in males
... incision along the root of the mesentery was made from the suspensory muscle of the duodenum towards the cecum. The ascending and descending colon were mobilized by incising the right and left paracolic gutters, and the sigmoid colon was detached from the rectum. The intestines, pancreas and remaini ...
... incision along the root of the mesentery was made from the suspensory muscle of the duodenum towards the cecum. The ascending and descending colon were mobilized by incising the right and left paracolic gutters, and the sigmoid colon was detached from the rectum. The intestines, pancreas and remaini ...
Previous studies have shown that there are a large variety of
... the numbers of their respective branches and terminations within each layer. Cells with poor biocytin labeling, such that their anatomical type could not be determined, were excluded from the study. Some cells were well-labeled without collecting of photostimulation data, and are included only for t ...
... the numbers of their respective branches and terminations within each layer. Cells with poor biocytin labeling, such that their anatomical type could not be determined, were excluded from the study. Some cells were well-labeled without collecting of photostimulation data, and are included only for t ...
Neuronal polarity: establishing and maintaining the axon initial
... ion channels in the postsynapse open, by for instance binding of a neurotransmitter, which result in a local influx of sodium ions. This influx of sodium ions depolarizes the membrane causing a local change in membrane resting potential (-60mV normally) towards a more positive charge. The electric s ...
... ion channels in the postsynapse open, by for instance binding of a neurotransmitter, which result in a local influx of sodium ions. This influx of sodium ions depolarizes the membrane causing a local change in membrane resting potential (-60mV normally) towards a more positive charge. The electric s ...
stimulus conditions area MT of the macaque monkey under matched
... cortical circuits adjust to recent visual input, but they have left unclear how a particular sensory event alters the distributed representation of information in the visual system. This is because studies, understandably, have focused on measuring effects with stimuli that are most appropriate for ...
... cortical circuits adjust to recent visual input, but they have left unclear how a particular sensory event alters the distributed representation of information in the visual system. This is because studies, understandably, have focused on measuring effects with stimuli that are most appropriate for ...
Modulation of Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials in the Piriform Cortex
... fibers in layer Ia and association/intrinsic fibers in layer Ib. A simple model of piriform cortex as an associative memory was used to analyze how suppression of inhibitory synaptic transmission influenced performance of the network. Levels of suppression of excitatory synaptic transmission were se ...
... fibers in layer Ia and association/intrinsic fibers in layer Ib. A simple model of piriform cortex as an associative memory was used to analyze how suppression of inhibitory synaptic transmission influenced performance of the network. Levels of suppression of excitatory synaptic transmission were se ...
Here - Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience
... long been known to be crucial for long-term memory (Eichenbaum & Cohen, 1988; Scoville & Milner, 1957; Squire, 1986), together with other elements of Papez’s circuit (Aggleton & Brown, 1999). Within the spatial domain, neuropsychological studies have left little doubt that the medial temporal lobe, ...
... long been known to be crucial for long-term memory (Eichenbaum & Cohen, 1988; Scoville & Milner, 1957; Squire, 1986), together with other elements of Papez’s circuit (Aggleton & Brown, 1999). Within the spatial domain, neuropsychological studies have left little doubt that the medial temporal lobe, ...
Reference frames for representing the location of visual and tactile
... most auditory RFs in the SC are intermediate between eye- and headcentered: that is, when the eyes move, the auditory RFs shift only partially with the eye9,10. This type of visual-auditory RF is also reported in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP)15, and some PMv cells have partially shifting visu ...
... most auditory RFs in the SC are intermediate between eye- and headcentered: that is, when the eyes move, the auditory RFs shift only partially with the eye9,10. This type of visual-auditory RF is also reported in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP)15, and some PMv cells have partially shifting visu ...
Deshpande_Gopikrishna_200708_phd
... unrelenting motivation and drive to reach higher echelons in my life and I wish to express immense gratitude for that. There are no words that can describe my eternal gratitude to my parents, Dr. Narayana Dutt and Katyayini. The person I am today is because of their selfless and committed efforts to ...
... unrelenting motivation and drive to reach higher echelons in my life and I wish to express immense gratitude for that. There are no words that can describe my eternal gratitude to my parents, Dr. Narayana Dutt and Katyayini. The person I am today is because of their selfless and committed efforts to ...
Enteric Glia - Department of Physiology
... “second brain,” known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), resides within the walls of the intestines and controls the ongoing activities of the gastrointestinal tract. The entire circuitry of the ENS is embedded in the gut wall and consists of aggregates of neurons and glia called enteric ganglia t ...
... “second brain,” known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), resides within the walls of the intestines and controls the ongoing activities of the gastrointestinal tract. The entire circuitry of the ENS is embedded in the gut wall and consists of aggregates of neurons and glia called enteric ganglia t ...
Neurodynamical modeling of arbitrary visuomotor tasks
... Although this experimental setup seems to be very specific, it contains many functions which are of general importance for cognitive behavior: Identification of a visual stimulus, decision making, working memory, trial-and-error learning, reward processing, motor control. An everyday example could b ...
... Although this experimental setup seems to be very specific, it contains many functions which are of general importance for cognitive behavior: Identification of a visual stimulus, decision making, working memory, trial-and-error learning, reward processing, motor control. An everyday example could b ...
Mechanisms of excitability in the central and peripheral nervous
... which is responsible for memory and spatial navigation, and the peripheral C–fiber which is responsible for sensing and conducting sensory information to the spinal cord. Within the work, I have studied the role of excitability mechanisms in normal function and in pathological conditions. For hippoc ...
... which is responsible for memory and spatial navigation, and the peripheral C–fiber which is responsible for sensing and conducting sensory information to the spinal cord. Within the work, I have studied the role of excitability mechanisms in normal function and in pathological conditions. For hippoc ...
Functional Properties of Parietal Visual Neurons: Mechanisms of
... The Johns Hopkins University ...
... The Johns Hopkins University ...
Calcium homeostasis in aging neurons
... three RyRs, all of which can be activated by Ca2+ on the cytosolic side with differential sensitivities (RyR1 > RyR2 > RyR3). All three members have been detected in neurons, with distinct patterns that change during development and postnatal growth. For example, postnatally, RyR1 is highly expresse ...
... three RyRs, all of which can be activated by Ca2+ on the cytosolic side with differential sensitivities (RyR1 > RyR2 > RyR3). All three members have been detected in neurons, with distinct patterns that change during development and postnatal growth. For example, postnatally, RyR1 is highly expresse ...
Involvement of GABAergic and cholinergic medial septal neurons in
... various phenomena, including attention and acquisition of sensory information. Two types of HPC (types I and II) exist based on pharmacological, behavioral, and electrophysiological characteristics. Both types occur during locomotion, whereas only type II (atropine-sensitive) is present under ureth ...
... various phenomena, including attention and acquisition of sensory information. Two types of HPC (types I and II) exist based on pharmacological, behavioral, and electrophysiological characteristics. Both types occur during locomotion, whereas only type II (atropine-sensitive) is present under ureth ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neurons are absent in the cortex of the BALB/c ByJ mouse (Kitt et al., 1994) but present in the rat cortex. Various ...
... the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neurons are absent in the cortex of the BALB/c ByJ mouse (Kitt et al., 1994) but present in the rat cortex. Various ...
Highwire Regulates Guidance of Sister Axons in the
... ␣/ neurons, ␣⬘/⬘ neurons, and ␥ neurons (Lee et al., 1999). The cell bodies of these MB neurons are located in the posterior of the brain and project their axons to the anterior region through an axon tract called the peduncle (Fig. 1 A). At the anterior end of the peduncle, each axon bifurcates, ...
... ␣/ neurons, ␣⬘/⬘ neurons, and ␥ neurons (Lee et al., 1999). The cell bodies of these MB neurons are located in the posterior of the brain and project their axons to the anterior region through an axon tract called the peduncle (Fig. 1 A). At the anterior end of the peduncle, each axon bifurcates, ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neurons are absent in the cortex of the BALB/c ByJ mouse (Kitt et al., 1994) but present in the rat cortex. Various ...
... the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neurons are absent in the cortex of the BALB/c ByJ mouse (Kitt et al., 1994) but present in the rat cortex. Various ...
INDUCTION AND RECOVERY TIME COURSE OF RAT BRAIN
... membrane pellets were resuspended in 100 mM Tris (pH 7.4), 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM dithiothreitol, 1.15% (w/v) KCl, and 20% (v/v) glycerol and stored in aliquots at ⫺80°C until used. Microsomes from rat liver were prepared as described previously (Howard et al., 2001). The protein content of each sample ...
... membrane pellets were resuspended in 100 mM Tris (pH 7.4), 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1 mM dithiothreitol, 1.15% (w/v) KCl, and 20% (v/v) glycerol and stored in aliquots at ⫺80°C until used. Microsomes from rat liver were prepared as described previously (Howard et al., 2001). The protein content of each sample ...
THE YIN AND YANG OF NEUROTROPHIN ACTION
... the hippocampus. Although considerable evidence supports the ‘yang’ action of neurotrophins, few studies have addressed the ‘yin’ aspect of the model, in which proneurotrophins, acting through p75NTR, have effects opposite to those of the mature form. It therefore remains to be established whether t ...
... the hippocampus. Although considerable evidence supports the ‘yang’ action of neurotrophins, few studies have addressed the ‘yin’ aspect of the model, in which proneurotrophins, acting through p75NTR, have effects opposite to those of the mature form. It therefore remains to be established whether t ...
Serotonin in the inferior colliculus fluctuates with behavioral state
... within the auditory system. Concentrations of extracellular 5-HT in the brain are not only region-specific but also context-specific, fluctuating in response to both behavioral state and environmental events. 5-HT-releasing neurons are themselves sensitive to changes in behavioral activation, like t ...
... within the auditory system. Concentrations of extracellular 5-HT in the brain are not only region-specific but also context-specific, fluctuating in response to both behavioral state and environmental events. 5-HT-releasing neurons are themselves sensitive to changes in behavioral activation, like t ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... cortex (see Fig. 1C). This cortical region belongs to the classic visual association cortex, namely area 19 of Brodmann (for a thorough review on this topic, see Gamberini et al. 2015). However, since the first description of this region, it was evident that not all neurons were visually activated. C ...
... cortex (see Fig. 1C). This cortical region belongs to the classic visual association cortex, namely area 19 of Brodmann (for a thorough review on this topic, see Gamberini et al. 2015). However, since the first description of this region, it was evident that not all neurons were visually activated. C ...
Full Text - Anesth Pain Med
... and that post-operative headache is usually observed following procedures involving craniectomy (60). Borsook and Burnstein make a good case against the brainstem as a migraine generator, arguing that it is inconceivable that the PAG, which is positioned to modulate pain at all spinal segment levels ...
... and that post-operative headache is usually observed following procedures involving craniectomy (60). Borsook and Burnstein make a good case against the brainstem as a migraine generator, arguing that it is inconceivable that the PAG, which is positioned to modulate pain at all spinal segment levels ...
HCN channels are a novel therapeutic target for cognitive
... performing the water maze task, the mice were handled for a week. For initial characterization of Nf19a–/9a–mice, training consisted of 4 trials per day, divided in two sessions of two trials with a 1 h interval (Figure 1) or two trials per day for LTG-treated mice. At the start of the first session ...
... performing the water maze task, the mice were handled for a week. For initial characterization of Nf19a–/9a–mice, training consisted of 4 trials per day, divided in two sessions of two trials with a 1 h interval (Figure 1) or two trials per day for LTG-treated mice. At the start of the first session ...
morphology and synaptic connections of ultrafine primary axons
... Recently, a number of studies using several different experimental approaches have addressed the question of the termination sites of A6 and C primary axons in laminae I and II. These studies have led to two different interpretations as to how these axons are distributed in these laminae. One interp ...
... Recently, a number of studies using several different experimental approaches have addressed the question of the termination sites of A6 and C primary axons in laminae I and II. These studies have led to two different interpretations as to how these axons are distributed in these laminae. One interp ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.