Gluconeogenesis
... of glycolysis Several steps are different so that control of one pathway does not inactivate the other. However many steps are the same. Three steps are different from glycolysis. 1 Pyruvate to PEP 2 Fructose 1,6- bisphosphate to Fructose-6phosphate 3 Glucose-6-Phosphate to Glucose ...
... of glycolysis Several steps are different so that control of one pathway does not inactivate the other. However many steps are the same. Three steps are different from glycolysis. 1 Pyruvate to PEP 2 Fructose 1,6- bisphosphate to Fructose-6phosphate 3 Glucose-6-Phosphate to Glucose ...
Document
... electrons from NADH and FADH2 to O2. • The next step is the phosphorylation of ADP to produce ATP. Catalyzed by the inner membrane enzyme ATP synthase. • The steps are coupled - electrons do not flow to oxygen unless ATP is needed. Each NADH produces 3 ATP Each FADH2 produces 2 ATP ...
... electrons from NADH and FADH2 to O2. • The next step is the phosphorylation of ADP to produce ATP. Catalyzed by the inner membrane enzyme ATP synthase. • The steps are coupled - electrons do not flow to oxygen unless ATP is needed. Each NADH produces 3 ATP Each FADH2 produces 2 ATP ...
Inborn errors of the Krebs cycle: a group of unusual mitochondrial
... As mentioned above, while profound defects of fumarase Žboth cytosolic and mitochondrial isoenzymes. and a-KG dehydrogenase have often been reported Žless than 1% in vitro residual activity. , only partial SDH defects have been reported Žmore than 25% in vitro residual activity.. Incidentally, it is ...
... As mentioned above, while profound defects of fumarase Žboth cytosolic and mitochondrial isoenzymes. and a-KG dehydrogenase have often been reported Žless than 1% in vitro residual activity. , only partial SDH defects have been reported Žmore than 25% in vitro residual activity.. Incidentally, it is ...
28 Gluconeogenesis In animals, glucose is required by the brain
... functioning of most tissues. A fall in plasma glucose can result in unconsciousness, and, if untreated, can be fatal. If dietary glucose is insufficient to maintain normal circulating levels of glucose, additional glucose must be released from the liver. The liver has some glucose stored in the form ...
... functioning of most tissues. A fall in plasma glucose can result in unconsciousness, and, if untreated, can be fatal. If dietary glucose is insufficient to maintain normal circulating levels of glucose, additional glucose must be released from the liver. The liver has some glucose stored in the form ...
Internal expression of Yarrowia NDH2
... and 2000 colonies per µg of pUB22 DNA, which is only 220% of the 1×103 to 1×104 colonies normally observed with replicative Y. lipolytica plasmids (Barth and Gaillardin, 1996). This may indicate that only a small fraction of the cells that had taken up the HygBR gene were able to form colonies. Once ...
... and 2000 colonies per µg of pUB22 DNA, which is only 220% of the 1×103 to 1×104 colonies normally observed with replicative Y. lipolytica plasmids (Barth and Gaillardin, 1996). This may indicate that only a small fraction of the cells that had taken up the HygBR gene were able to form colonies. Once ...
thèse - Université Evry Val d`Essonne
... of proto-mitochondrion formation with respect to the formation of the nucleus: either the endosimbiosis occurred at the same time as the formation of the eukaryotic cell, or it arrived only after the ancestral cell was already essentially eukaryotic. 1.1. The archaezoan scenario The archaezoan scen ...
... of proto-mitochondrion formation with respect to the formation of the nucleus: either the endosimbiosis occurred at the same time as the formation of the eukaryotic cell, or it arrived only after the ancestral cell was already essentially eukaryotic. 1.1. The archaezoan scenario The archaezoan scen ...
Structure of mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier in complex with
... ADP is imported into the matrix. The exchange is accomplished by a single protein, the ADP/ATP carrier. Here we have solved the bovine carrier structure at a resolution of 2.2 Å by X-ray crystallography in complex with an inhibitor, carboxyatractyloside. Six a-helices form a compact transmembrane d ...
... ADP is imported into the matrix. The exchange is accomplished by a single protein, the ADP/ATP carrier. Here we have solved the bovine carrier structure at a resolution of 2.2 Å by X-ray crystallography in complex with an inhibitor, carboxyatractyloside. Six a-helices form a compact transmembrane d ...
Synonymous codon usage patterns in different parasitic
... Most amino acids are encoded by multiple codons. In most cases, the synonymous codons are not used randomly in different genomes (Grantham et al., 1980; Lloyd and Sharp, 1992). Furthermore, the pattern of codon usage can vary considerably among organisms, and also among genes from the same genome. C ...
... Most amino acids are encoded by multiple codons. In most cases, the synonymous codons are not used randomly in different genomes (Grantham et al., 1980; Lloyd and Sharp, 1992). Furthermore, the pattern of codon usage can vary considerably among organisms, and also among genes from the same genome. C ...
6 PUFA - SENS Research Foundation
... Cardiolipin is significantly decreased with age whereas PC is increased with age. ...
... Cardiolipin is significantly decreased with age whereas PC is increased with age. ...
pyruvate
... • The regulation of Pdh phosphatase is not completely understood but it is known that Mg2+ and Ca+ activate the enzyme. • In adipose tissue insulin increases Pdh activity and in cardiac muscle Pdh activity is increased by catecholamines. PEPCK Human liver cells contain almost equal amounts of mitoc ...
... • The regulation of Pdh phosphatase is not completely understood but it is known that Mg2+ and Ca+ activate the enzyme. • In adipose tissue insulin increases Pdh activity and in cardiac muscle Pdh activity is increased by catecholamines. PEPCK Human liver cells contain almost equal amounts of mitoc ...
Flux-balance Analysis - Systems Biology Research Group
... In regions where the α value is negative, there is dual limitation of the substrates. Based on the absolute value of α , the substrate with a greater contribution toward obtaining the objective (here considered to be biomass production) can be identified. If the absolute value of α is greater than u ...
... In regions where the α value is negative, there is dual limitation of the substrates. Based on the absolute value of α , the substrate with a greater contribution toward obtaining the objective (here considered to be biomass production) can be identified. If the absolute value of α is greater than u ...
Direction of Krebs cycle Which way does the citric acid cycle turn
... "Several of the criticisms arise solely from a misinterpretation of the theory. Thomas as well as Breusch draw incorrect conclusions from the theory and argue against the theory when these conclusions are not confirmed by their experiments. This applies, for instance, to Thomas's statement that the ...
... "Several of the criticisms arise solely from a misinterpretation of the theory. Thomas as well as Breusch draw incorrect conclusions from the theory and argue against the theory when these conclusions are not confirmed by their experiments. This applies, for instance, to Thomas's statement that the ...
Donor conception and (dis)closure in the UK: siblingship, friendship
... between siblings is gendered, shaped by birth order and more or less significant in different parts of the world: the collection alerts us to the different ways in which meaningful siblingship is forged, maintained and broken (Alber et al. 2013). Siblings are such, we are told, through shared paren ...
... between siblings is gendered, shaped by birth order and more or less significant in different parts of the world: the collection alerts us to the different ways in which meaningful siblingship is forged, maintained and broken (Alber et al. 2013). Siblings are such, we are told, through shared paren ...
Excess of Free Fatty Acids as a Cause of Metabolic
... of T2D patients (Petersen et al. 2004) or elderly, insulinresistant individuals (Petersen et al. 2003). Feeding a high-fat diet to healthy young men or mice was reported to decrease muscle mRNA levels of genes involved in the ...
... of T2D patients (Petersen et al. 2004) or elderly, insulinresistant individuals (Petersen et al. 2003). Feeding a high-fat diet to healthy young men or mice was reported to decrease muscle mRNA levels of genes involved in the ...
Central carbon metabolism of Saccharomyces
... In S. cerevisiae, OxAc is produced both as an intermediate of the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix from malate, thus yielding mt-OxAc [25,26], and from cyt-Prv by the action of pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol [31,32] yielding cyt-OxAc (Fig. 1). To enable the anaplerotic supply of the TCA cy ...
... In S. cerevisiae, OxAc is produced both as an intermediate of the TCA cycle in the mitochondrial matrix from malate, thus yielding mt-OxAc [25,26], and from cyt-Prv by the action of pyruvate carboxylase in the cytosol [31,32] yielding cyt-OxAc (Fig. 1). To enable the anaplerotic supply of the TCA cy ...
Analysis of the Role of Mitochondria of Sake in Fermentation Technologies
... Mitochondrion is an organelle necessary for oxidative respiration. During industrial fermentation, brewery yeasts are exposed to long periods of hypoxia; however, the structure, role, and metabolism of mitochondria of brewery yeast during hypoxia have not been studied in detail. Our recent studies, ...
... Mitochondrion is an organelle necessary for oxidative respiration. During industrial fermentation, brewery yeasts are exposed to long periods of hypoxia; however, the structure, role, and metabolism of mitochondria of brewery yeast during hypoxia have not been studied in detail. Our recent studies, ...
AULAS DE BIOQUÍMICA
... the inhibited step become fully reduced, and those that function after this step are completely oxidized. ...
... the inhibited step become fully reduced, and those that function after this step are completely oxidized. ...
Towards the Molecular Basis of Sperm and Egg Interaction during
... in the structure of these oligosaccharides (e.g., composition, sequence, linkages, modifications, etc.) could account for species-specific binding of sperm to eggs. Stably transfected somatic cells, null mutant animals, and DNA constructs are now available to test this possibility both in vivo and i ...
... in the structure of these oligosaccharides (e.g., composition, sequence, linkages, modifications, etc.) could account for species-specific binding of sperm to eggs. Stably transfected somatic cells, null mutant animals, and DNA constructs are now available to test this possibility both in vivo and i ...
Long-chain fatty acids increase basal metabolism
... concentration of oleoyl-CoA (10 M) did not depolarize the mitochondria. Comparable results were obtained in four other permeabilized myocytes. To confirm that metabolism of oleoyl-CoA was not masking a decrease in ⌬⌿ (14), we also found that oleoyl-CoA did not decrease ⌬⌿ in the presence of 3-merca ...
... concentration of oleoyl-CoA (10 M) did not depolarize the mitochondria. Comparable results were obtained in four other permeabilized myocytes. To confirm that metabolism of oleoyl-CoA was not masking a decrease in ⌬⌿ (14), we also found that oleoyl-CoA did not decrease ⌬⌿ in the presence of 3-merca ...
PDF
... medium and fixed immediately for electron microscopy. The fixation and embedding protocols of Stein & Stein (1971) for lipid high-resolution autoradiography were used in the present study. Thin sections were collected on copper grids and coated with Ilford L-4 nuclear emulsion. After a suitable expo ...
... medium and fixed immediately for electron microscopy. The fixation and embedding protocols of Stein & Stein (1971) for lipid high-resolution autoradiography were used in the present study. Thin sections were collected on copper grids and coated with Ilford L-4 nuclear emulsion. After a suitable expo ...
Q1: Human origins expert Chris Stringer says that there are still
... Q46: King and Wilson suggested a reason for why a small amount of genetic difference could account for the major physical differences between humans and chimps. What was their theory? Hint: Text: Comparisons > DNA > Looking directly at genes ...
... Q46: King and Wilson suggested a reason for why a small amount of genetic difference could account for the major physical differences between humans and chimps. What was their theory? Hint: Text: Comparisons > DNA > Looking directly at genes ...
Succinate Dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... covalent FAD. Together, the Fp and Ip form a catalytic dimer that is attached to the membrane by the anchoring subunits, thereby composing the holoenzyme. In yeast, the SDH Fp, Ip, and two anchoring subunits are encoded by the nuclear genes, SDH1, SDH2, SDH3, and SDH4, respectively, which have all b ...
... covalent FAD. Together, the Fp and Ip form a catalytic dimer that is attached to the membrane by the anchoring subunits, thereby composing the holoenzyme. In yeast, the SDH Fp, Ip, and two anchoring subunits are encoded by the nuclear genes, SDH1, SDH2, SDH3, and SDH4, respectively, which have all b ...
Mitochondrial ATP synthase is dispensable in blood
... Gametocytes form in preparation for possible transmission to the insect phase of the life cycle should they be taken up in the blood meal of an anopheline mosquito. They are morphologically very distinct (11) and express different genes to asexual blood-stage parasites (12), and their mitochondrion ...
... Gametocytes form in preparation for possible transmission to the insect phase of the life cycle should they be taken up in the blood meal of an anopheline mosquito. They are morphologically very distinct (11) and express different genes to asexual blood-stage parasites (12), and their mitochondrion ...