Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency: metabolic
... derivatives including C 16:0 , C 16:1 , C 18:1 , C 18:2 . Based on these findings carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency was suspected which was confirmed by enzyme studies in fibroblasts. The underlying complex metabolic consequences of this defect are reviewed. Prenatal diagnosis was perfo ...
... derivatives including C 16:0 , C 16:1 , C 18:1 , C 18:2 . Based on these findings carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency was suspected which was confirmed by enzyme studies in fibroblasts. The underlying complex metabolic consequences of this defect are reviewed. Prenatal diagnosis was perfo ...
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA), Krebs Cycle
... mitochondria using: The inner mitochondrial membrane lacks an NADH transport proteins, NADH produced in cytosol cannot directly penetrate into mitochondria. However two electron of NADH ( called reducing equivalents) are transported by using shuttle. 1. glycerophosphate shuttle ( results in synthesi ...
... mitochondria using: The inner mitochondrial membrane lacks an NADH transport proteins, NADH produced in cytosol cannot directly penetrate into mitochondria. However two electron of NADH ( called reducing equivalents) are transported by using shuttle. 1. glycerophosphate shuttle ( results in synthesi ...
Metabolic pathways in Anopheles stephensi mitochondria
... can catalyse this carboxylation: malic enzyme [17] and PC (pyruvate carboxylase) [18]. In addition, other enzymes can catalyse the synthesis of oxaloacetate from phosphoenolpyruvate [19–21], but it appears that these enzymes are not operating at an appreciable rate in most isolated mitochondria. Apa ...
... can catalyse this carboxylation: malic enzyme [17] and PC (pyruvate carboxylase) [18]. In addition, other enzymes can catalyse the synthesis of oxaloacetate from phosphoenolpyruvate [19–21], but it appears that these enzymes are not operating at an appreciable rate in most isolated mitochondria. Apa ...
Reading materials 511/rumen microbes/rumen
... chytrid fungi to be the earliest fungal branch (Bowman et al., 1992; Doré and Stahl, 1991; Li and Heath, 1992; Van der Auwera and De Wachter, 1996). The narrow ecological niche that these chytrids occupy is the rumen and hindgut of large herbivorous mammals (Trinci et al., 1994). There they assist i ...
... chytrid fungi to be the earliest fungal branch (Bowman et al., 1992; Doré and Stahl, 1991; Li and Heath, 1992; Van der Auwera and De Wachter, 1996). The narrow ecological niche that these chytrids occupy is the rumen and hindgut of large herbivorous mammals (Trinci et al., 1994). There they assist i ...
Appearances can be Deceiving
... replaces the two hydrogens of the thiol group and also attaches with a sulfur molecule. This forms a dihydrolipoylarsenite chelate complex, which blocks the reoxidation of the dihydrolipoyl group and, therefore, enzyme activity is blocked. As a result, energy production is reduced. Arsenate also blo ...
... replaces the two hydrogens of the thiol group and also attaches with a sulfur molecule. This forms a dihydrolipoylarsenite chelate complex, which blocks the reoxidation of the dihydrolipoyl group and, therefore, enzyme activity is blocked. As a result, energy production is reduced. Arsenate also blo ...
Article Lateral Gene Transfer and Gene
... mitochondria, and phylogenetic analysis of its two key components, ATP sulfurylase (AS) and adenosine-50 -phosphosulfate kinase (APSK), suggests that the corresponding genes were acquired laterally from a bacterial source. Interestingly, in Entamoeba’s relative M. balamuthi, PFO and hydrogenase are ...
... mitochondria, and phylogenetic analysis of its two key components, ATP sulfurylase (AS) and adenosine-50 -phosphosulfate kinase (APSK), suggests that the corresponding genes were acquired laterally from a bacterial source. Interestingly, in Entamoeba’s relative M. balamuthi, PFO and hydrogenase are ...
9 biological oxidation, electron transfer chain and oxidative
... These dehydrogenases use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+)—or both—and are formed in the body from the vitamin niacin. These coenzymes are reduced by the specific substrate of the dehydrogenase and reoxidized by a suitable electron accept ...
... These dehydrogenases use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+)—or both—and are formed in the body from the vitamin niacin. These coenzymes are reduced by the specific substrate of the dehydrogenase and reoxidized by a suitable electron accept ...
Cancer Genetics
... A. What is Genetics? What is Medical Genetics? B. How will the Human Genome Project and the identification of disease associated genetic changes impact the way we will practice medicine in the future? C. What do OBGYN residents need to know about Genetics? D. What topics could be used as a framework ...
... A. What is Genetics? What is Medical Genetics? B. How will the Human Genome Project and the identification of disease associated genetic changes impact the way we will practice medicine in the future? C. What do OBGYN residents need to know about Genetics? D. What topics could be used as a framework ...
Sequence variation characteristics of D
... can enter the intermembrane space, but most of them cannot pass the relatively impermeable inner membrane. Other proteins in this membrane include enzymes involved in mitochondrial lipid synthesis and enzymes that convert lipid substrates into forms that are subsequently metabolized in the matrix. T ...
... can enter the intermembrane space, but most of them cannot pass the relatively impermeable inner membrane. Other proteins in this membrane include enzymes involved in mitochondrial lipid synthesis and enzymes that convert lipid substrates into forms that are subsequently metabolized in the matrix. T ...
Vitrified eggs and delivery
... Conclusion(s): The feasibility of the vitrification method for human oocytes was confirmed by our clinical results. Subsequent studies on vitrification and thawing procedures should be undertaken for further optimizing the vitrification method. (Fertil Steril威 2003;79:1323– 6. ©2003 by American Soci ...
... Conclusion(s): The feasibility of the vitrification method for human oocytes was confirmed by our clinical results. Subsequent studies on vitrification and thawing procedures should be undertaken for further optimizing the vitrification method. (Fertil Steril威 2003;79:1323– 6. ©2003 by American Soci ...
ER calcium release promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatic
... biology: oxidative metabolism and apoptosis. Calcium ions act as essential cofactors by activating several CAC enzymes, particularly dehydrogenases, and transporters involved in the malateeaspartate redox shuttle [17e20]. Calcium fluxes also initiate mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. Pro- and anti-ap ...
... biology: oxidative metabolism and apoptosis. Calcium ions act as essential cofactors by activating several CAC enzymes, particularly dehydrogenases, and transporters involved in the malateeaspartate redox shuttle [17e20]. Calcium fluxes also initiate mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. Pro- and anti-ap ...
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
... Inherited Diseases of Oxidative Phosphorylation LIBER’S HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY Bilateral loss of central vision occurs because of Neuroretinal degeneration Mutation in mitochondrial DNA ...
... Inherited Diseases of Oxidative Phosphorylation LIBER’S HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY Bilateral loss of central vision occurs because of Neuroretinal degeneration Mutation in mitochondrial DNA ...
Getting a good rate of exchange – the mitochondrial ADP
... We all have about 50g of ATP in our bodies but this is constantly shuttling, first out of our mitochondria to power cellular activity and then back as ADP. Because of this recycling, which can happen up to 1000 times a day for each ATP molecule, the total mass of ATP passing across the inner membran ...
... We all have about 50g of ATP in our bodies but this is constantly shuttling, first out of our mitochondria to power cellular activity and then back as ADP. Because of this recycling, which can happen up to 1000 times a day for each ATP molecule, the total mass of ATP passing across the inner membran ...
design of energy metabolism
... 1. Main pathway in Vertebrates = Glycolysis (catabolism of carbohydrates) a) ATP production by glycolysis begins rapidly after initiation of activity or exposure to hypoxia/anoxia. Begins after stores of phosphagens (ATP, creatine phosphate, arginine phosphate – cephalopods) are depleted. b) Rapid p ...
... 1. Main pathway in Vertebrates = Glycolysis (catabolism of carbohydrates) a) ATP production by glycolysis begins rapidly after initiation of activity or exposure to hypoxia/anoxia. Begins after stores of phosphagens (ATP, creatine phosphate, arginine phosphate – cephalopods) are depleted. b) Rapid p ...
and gender-specific hallmarks
... addressed. Most of the studies have largely relied on a variety of experimental models of obesity and cultured adipocytes, and most of them have resorted to electrophoretic protein separation, which has very limited proteome coverage and results in a poor representation of low-abundant or very hydro ...
... addressed. Most of the studies have largely relied on a variety of experimental models of obesity and cultured adipocytes, and most of them have resorted to electrophoretic protein separation, which has very limited proteome coverage and results in a poor representation of low-abundant or very hydro ...
Divalent Metal Ions in Plant Mitochondria and Their Role in
... more susceptible to damage if they bind metal ions and when the site of protein oxidation can be defined on the protein surface that binds to the metal ions (Stadtman, 1990). One of the major consequences of MCO is the irreversible formation of reactive carbonyls on amino acid side chains (Stadtman, ...
... more susceptible to damage if they bind metal ions and when the site of protein oxidation can be defined on the protein surface that binds to the metal ions (Stadtman, 1990). One of the major consequences of MCO is the irreversible formation of reactive carbonyls on amino acid side chains (Stadtman, ...
Energy Metabolism Regulating Mammalian Oocyte
... Most primordial follicles (90%) leave the resting pool via apoptosis, while the remainders are activated by poorly understood mechanisms to enter the growing follicle pool and develop into the primary, secondary and antral stage (Gougeon, 2010, Picton, 2001). During the early stage of follicle devel ...
... Most primordial follicles (90%) leave the resting pool via apoptosis, while the remainders are activated by poorly understood mechanisms to enter the growing follicle pool and develop into the primary, secondary and antral stage (Gougeon, 2010, Picton, 2001). During the early stage of follicle devel ...
Full-Text PDF
... and peroxisome elongation through a dominant-negative mechanism wherein DNM1L is inactively sequestered at the mitochondrial surface [54]. In addition, the interaction of DNM1L with its adaptor proteins is regulated by several posttranslational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, a ...
... and peroxisome elongation through a dominant-negative mechanism wherein DNM1L is inactively sequestered at the mitochondrial surface [54]. In addition, the interaction of DNM1L with its adaptor proteins is regulated by several posttranslational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, a ...
Te gades
... Why Te#gades? • *Not all Te#gades species studied has this double lineage of Hodgkina • To look at this phenomena phylogene0cally, we decided to sequence the cicadas harboring these bacteria • Thus we ...
... Why Te#gades? • *Not all Te#gades species studied has this double lineage of Hodgkina • To look at this phenomena phylogene0cally, we decided to sequence the cicadas harboring these bacteria • Thus we ...
Dirty Business - American Chemical Society
... Lysine - Helps with the building of muscle protein, assists in fighting herpes and cold sores. It is required for growth and bone development in children, assists in calcium absorption and maintaining the correct nitrogen balance in the body and maintaining lean body mass. Serine - Required for the ...
... Lysine - Helps with the building of muscle protein, assists in fighting herpes and cold sores. It is required for growth and bone development in children, assists in calcium absorption and maintaining the correct nitrogen balance in the body and maintaining lean body mass. Serine - Required for the ...
Lesson Overview
... The virus that causes AIDS can infect the developing fetus, and the virus responsible for rubella (German measles) can cause birth defects. ...
... The virus that causes AIDS can infect the developing fetus, and the virus responsible for rubella (German measles) can cause birth defects. ...
Supplementary Information - Word file (63 KB )
... f: fli1 expression in 13-15 somite embryos. We found no obvious defects in the Egfl7 knockdown embryos from around 6- to 22-somite stages, a period in which EC specification, proliferation and migration towards the midline are actively taking place. g: The expression of fkd7, a marker for floorplate ...
... f: fli1 expression in 13-15 somite embryos. We found no obvious defects in the Egfl7 knockdown embryos from around 6- to 22-somite stages, a period in which EC specification, proliferation and migration towards the midline are actively taking place. g: The expression of fkd7, a marker for floorplate ...
Role of IDH2 in the brown adipose tissue Abstract
... thermogenesis by fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in mitochondria. Accumulation of oxidative stress in adipose tissue is one of the early events in the development of metabolic syndrome in obesity. Nonetheless, a cause and effect relationship between oxidative stress and obesity is not well understood. Is ...
... thermogenesis by fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in mitochondria. Accumulation of oxidative stress in adipose tissue is one of the early events in the development of metabolic syndrome in obesity. Nonetheless, a cause and effect relationship between oxidative stress and obesity is not well understood. Is ...
Graph Theory Patterns in the Genetic Codes
... represented as labels with the letters A, C, G, and T (except U for RNA sequences). The genetic code specifies how three DNA bases, as a group called a codon, are translated into an amino acid in a polypeptide or protein. In the standard genetic code, from one to six codons can specify any particula ...
... represented as labels with the letters A, C, G, and T (except U for RNA sequences). The genetic code specifies how three DNA bases, as a group called a codon, are translated into an amino acid in a polypeptide or protein. In the standard genetic code, from one to six codons can specify any particula ...
Ethical Analysis of Genetic Screening
... The effects of genetic testing can also take the form of psychological or emotional distress. Learning that you have or might have a serious disease can be frightening. Some patients with positive test results experience feelings of fear, worry, and anxiousness. Individuals may worry about when thei ...
... The effects of genetic testing can also take the form of psychological or emotional distress. Learning that you have or might have a serious disease can be frightening. Some patients with positive test results experience feelings of fear, worry, and anxiousness. Individuals may worry about when thei ...