Mitochondrial ATP synthase is dispensable in blood
... Gametocytes form in preparation for possible transmission to the insect phase of the life cycle should they be taken up in the blood meal of an anopheline mosquito. They are morphologically very distinct (11) and express different genes to asexual blood-stage parasites (12), and their mitochondrion ...
... Gametocytes form in preparation for possible transmission to the insect phase of the life cycle should they be taken up in the blood meal of an anopheline mosquito. They are morphologically very distinct (11) and express different genes to asexual blood-stage parasites (12), and their mitochondrion ...
Structure based hypothesis of a mitochondrial
... Background: mtRF1 is a vertebrate mitochondrial protein with an unknown function that arose from a duplication of the mitochondrial release factor mtRF1a. To elucidate the function of mtRF1, we determined the positions that are conserved among mtRF1 sequences but that are different in their mtRF1a p ...
... Background: mtRF1 is a vertebrate mitochondrial protein with an unknown function that arose from a duplication of the mitochondrial release factor mtRF1a. To elucidate the function of mtRF1, we determined the positions that are conserved among mtRF1 sequences but that are different in their mtRF1a p ...
Multilevel functional and structural defects induced by two
... (elongation factor thermo unstable)]. Systematic investigations of the structure and function of hmtRNAs can help to elucidate their pathogenic effects, provide information on the treatment of mitochondrial diseases, and potentially facilitate the development of diagnostic tools and therapies for th ...
... (elongation factor thermo unstable)]. Systematic investigations of the structure and function of hmtRNAs can help to elucidate their pathogenic effects, provide information on the treatment of mitochondrial diseases, and potentially facilitate the development of diagnostic tools and therapies for th ...
H 2 O 2
... on protons, but also on concentrations of other ions, ΔG = – nFΔ The proton motive force Δ p is the quantity expressed in the term of potential (milivolts per mole of H+ transferred): Δ p = – ΔG / nF = Δ + 60 Δ pH . Utilization of proton motive force • synthesis of ATP = aerobic phosphorylation • ...
... on protons, but also on concentrations of other ions, ΔG = – nFΔ The proton motive force Δ p is the quantity expressed in the term of potential (milivolts per mole of H+ transferred): Δ p = – ΔG / nF = Δ + 60 Δ pH . Utilization of proton motive force • synthesis of ATP = aerobic phosphorylation • ...
Sensitivity of plant mitochondrial terminal oxidases to the lipid
... chamber. Total respiration was measured following the addition of 4 mM CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone). Respiration through the alternative pathway or the cytochrome pathway was measured following the addition of 1 mM KCN or 1 mM n-PG respectively. Levels of lipid peroxidation in cel ...
... chamber. Total respiration was measured following the addition of 4 mM CCCP (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone). Respiration through the alternative pathway or the cytochrome pathway was measured following the addition of 1 mM KCN or 1 mM n-PG respectively. Levels of lipid peroxidation in cel ...
1 Excess of free fatty acids as a cause of metabolic
... A number of studies in both animals and humans reported that an accumulation of IMTG in skeletal muscle strongly correlates with IR (Pan et al. 1997; Krssak et al. 1999); but this is true mainly in untrained individuals. Endurance-trained athletes are often extremely insulin sensitive despite a high ...
... A number of studies in both animals and humans reported that an accumulation of IMTG in skeletal muscle strongly correlates with IR (Pan et al. 1997; Krssak et al. 1999); but this is true mainly in untrained individuals. Endurance-trained athletes are often extremely insulin sensitive despite a high ...
Cellular Respiration
... Total net yield (2 turns of krebs cycle) 1. 2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) ...
... Total net yield (2 turns of krebs cycle) 1. 2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) ...
Document
... Hint: Video: Gene Genealogy > Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) > Looking at mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) > Inheriting mtDNA ...
... Hint: Video: Gene Genealogy > Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) > Looking at mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) > Inheriting mtDNA ...
Multiple Lines of Evidence Localize Signaling
... mitochondrial membrane may also contain proteins involved in signal transduction and mediating retrograde signals from the mitochondrion to the nucleus or even from the mitochondrion to the plastid. Proteins such as Nuclear Control of ATPase (Camougrand et al., 1995) in yeast and the mammalian Mitoc ...
... mitochondrial membrane may also contain proteins involved in signal transduction and mediating retrograde signals from the mitochondrion to the nucleus or even from the mitochondrion to the plastid. Proteins such as Nuclear Control of ATPase (Camougrand et al., 1995) in yeast and the mammalian Mitoc ...
... progression, presumably due to the nonlinear interactions of those factors. Abnormalities in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism accompanied by chronic inflammation are considered to be the central pathway for the development of several obesity-related co-morbidities such as NAFLD and cardio-vascular d ...
Application Sheet S13 - AXIS-SHIELD Density Gradient Media
... The protocol below is for mammalian liver, but similar techniques using other tissues or cells have been published. Variations in centrifugation conditions and a brief summary of some methodological variations is provided in Section 7. Formation of self-generated gradients requires ideally a vertica ...
... The protocol below is for mammalian liver, but similar techniques using other tissues or cells have been published. Variations in centrifugation conditions and a brief summary of some methodological variations is provided in Section 7. Formation of self-generated gradients requires ideally a vertica ...
The impact of sperm metabolism during in vitro storage: the stallion
... Spermatozoa are highly specialised mammalian cells, playing the vital roles of paternal DNA delivery and activation of the oocyte following fertilisation. The site of sperm deposition (in the vagina for the human and the uterus for the horse) is physically removed from the site of fertilisation (the ...
... Spermatozoa are highly specialised mammalian cells, playing the vital roles of paternal DNA delivery and activation of the oocyte following fertilisation. The site of sperm deposition (in the vagina for the human and the uterus for the horse) is physically removed from the site of fertilisation (the ...
Drosophila Sirt2/mammalian SIRT3 deacetylates ATP synthase and
... in tryptophan metabolism in an attempt to maintain NAD+ levels. These results suggest a connection between ceramide and NAD metabolism. One of the main NAD+-consuming pathways involves sirtuins because they are NAD+-dependent enzymes, and the availability of NAD+ is an important mechanism that regul ...
... in tryptophan metabolism in an attempt to maintain NAD+ levels. These results suggest a connection between ceramide and NAD metabolism. One of the main NAD+-consuming pathways involves sirtuins because they are NAD+-dependent enzymes, and the availability of NAD+ is an important mechanism that regul ...
Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex
... The sequence of the human gene showed minor variations from that of the previously published cDNAs.11,12 This variation is in accordance with direct demonstration of polymorphic variations in the human DLST gene, in several populations.13–18 Intron 1 is G+C rich. The sequence encoded by exons 8 and ...
... The sequence of the human gene showed minor variations from that of the previously published cDNAs.11,12 This variation is in accordance with direct demonstration of polymorphic variations in the human DLST gene, in several populations.13–18 Intron 1 is G+C rich. The sequence encoded by exons 8 and ...
View Full Page PDF - Advances in Physiology Education
... metabolic pathway, carefully account for all atoms and charges of the single reactions, as well as the cellular localizations of the substrates, and the related transport systems. If this suggestion is always taken into account, a balanced, overall equation of a metabolic pathway will be obtained, w ...
... metabolic pathway, carefully account for all atoms and charges of the single reactions, as well as the cellular localizations of the substrates, and the related transport systems. If this suggestion is always taken into account, a balanced, overall equation of a metabolic pathway will be obtained, w ...
Effects of muscle fiber type on glycolytic potential and
... MyHC mRNA was expressed as 100%X. The relative copy numbers of mitochondria were designed to be detected by cytochrome oxidase 1 (COX1) and glucagon gene (GCG) for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nucleic DNA, respectively. The ratio of COX1 to GCG within each sample was used to calculate mtDNA content ...
... MyHC mRNA was expressed as 100%X. The relative copy numbers of mitochondria were designed to be detected by cytochrome oxidase 1 (COX1) and glucagon gene (GCG) for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nucleic DNA, respectively. The ratio of COX1 to GCG within each sample was used to calculate mtDNA content ...
Malate Dehydrogenases – Structure and Function
... with mitochondrial MDHs have shown that this enzyme is allosterically regulated. High concentrations of malate stimulate the production of oxaloacetate, while high concentrations of oxaloacetate inhibit the reaction (Mullinax et al. 1982; Fahien et al. 1988). Citrate also affects MDH activity by ver ...
... with mitochondrial MDHs have shown that this enzyme is allosterically regulated. High concentrations of malate stimulate the production of oxaloacetate, while high concentrations of oxaloacetate inhibit the reaction (Mullinax et al. 1982; Fahien et al. 1988). Citrate also affects MDH activity by ver ...
Emerging therapeutic roles for NAD+ metabolism in mitochondrial
... Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central metabolic cofactor in eukaryotic cells that plays a critical role in regulating cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis. NAD+ in its reduced form (i.e. NADH) serves as the primary electron donor in mitochondrial respiratory chain, which involv ...
... Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central metabolic cofactor in eukaryotic cells that plays a critical role in regulating cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis. NAD+ in its reduced form (i.e. NADH) serves as the primary electron donor in mitochondrial respiratory chain, which involv ...
Identification of a New Glycerol-3-phosphate - UNC
... to NEM inhibition. Thus, we undertook a careful study of the novel GPAT activity in highly pure mitochondrial fractions (Table I) from livers of wild type and mtGPAT null mice. Historically, the GPAT activity in mitochondria has been measured as NEM-resistant glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase act ...
... to NEM inhibition. Thus, we undertook a careful study of the novel GPAT activity in highly pure mitochondrial fractions (Table I) from livers of wild type and mtGPAT null mice. Historically, the GPAT activity in mitochondria has been measured as NEM-resistant glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase act ...
BIOGENESIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL ATPase Studies on
... been isolated and characterized. These constituents were first established in the beef heart enzyme [21-26] and later in the enzyme from yeast [10-12,27-29]. F 1, OSCP and F [-inhibitor are water-soluble proteins and have been obtained in pure or enriched form. The membrane factor could not be suffi ...
... been isolated and characterized. These constituents were first established in the beef heart enzyme [21-26] and later in the enzyme from yeast [10-12,27-29]. F 1, OSCP and F [-inhibitor are water-soluble proteins and have been obtained in pure or enriched form. The membrane factor could not be suffi ...
Adjeitey_Cyril _Nii-Klu_2013_ thesis
... UCP1 uncouples mitochondrial respiration from ATP synthesis, thereby wasting the protonmotive force formed across the mitochondrial inner membrane as heat. It is hypothesized that proton leaks through UCP1 could be a molecular target to combat certain forms of obesity. Although it is well establishe ...
... UCP1 uncouples mitochondrial respiration from ATP synthesis, thereby wasting the protonmotive force formed across the mitochondrial inner membrane as heat. It is hypothesized that proton leaks through UCP1 could be a molecular target to combat certain forms of obesity. Although it is well establishe ...
Xenopus laevis Kif18A is a highly processive
... properties suggest that Xl_Kif18A is the functional orthologue of human Kif18A. To test this idea directly, we performed RNAinterference (RNAi) rescue studies in HeLa cells (Fig. 4A). HeLacells transfected with short-interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the Kif18A ORF displayed greatly reduced levels o ...
... properties suggest that Xl_Kif18A is the functional orthologue of human Kif18A. To test this idea directly, we performed RNAinterference (RNAi) rescue studies in HeLa cells (Fig. 4A). HeLacells transfected with short-interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the Kif18A ORF displayed greatly reduced levels o ...
Cell respiration powerpoint animation
... H out ETC ofion this e are and space passed H forcing to the from the ELECTRON ATP H the ions fuel Pyruvate Convert Kreb’s some enters cycle bond the acts KREB’s energy like a-pump, molecular CYCLE to ATP .ions .molecules .blender, systematically The H ions are moved by CARRIER Finally, OverallOATP ...
... H out ETC ofion this e are and space passed H forcing to the from the ELECTRON ATP H the ions fuel Pyruvate Convert Kreb’s some enters cycle bond the acts KREB’s energy like a-pump, molecular CYCLE to ATP .ions .molecules .blender, systematically The H ions are moved by CARRIER Finally, OverallOATP ...
Guidelines for the appropriate use of genetic tests in
... Padova, Italy; 2SISMER, Via Mazzini 12, 40138 Bologna, Italy; 3University of Rome ``La Sapienza'', Institute of Medical Genetics and Institute CSS-Mendel, Viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198, Roma, Italy Research on genetic causes of male and female infertility rapidly expanded in the last years, fol ...
... Padova, Italy; 2SISMER, Via Mazzini 12, 40138 Bologna, Italy; 3University of Rome ``La Sapienza'', Institute of Medical Genetics and Institute CSS-Mendel, Viale Regina Margherita 261, 00198, Roma, Italy Research on genetic causes of male and female infertility rapidly expanded in the last years, fol ...
Acyl-CoA
... - Thiolysis (or breaking bonds with –SH group—cf hydrolysis and phosphorolysis) initiated by nucleophilic attack of the thiol group (-SH) of CoA on the keto group within β-ketoacyl-CoA results in the cleavage of Cα-Cβ bond, thereby releasing the first acetyl-CoA (to enter the Krebs cycle) and an out ...
... - Thiolysis (or breaking bonds with –SH group—cf hydrolysis and phosphorolysis) initiated by nucleophilic attack of the thiol group (-SH) of CoA on the keto group within β-ketoacyl-CoA results in the cleavage of Cα-Cβ bond, thereby releasing the first acetyl-CoA (to enter the Krebs cycle) and an out ...