Gene Expression and the Control of Food Intake by Hypothalamic
... forms of -MSH are formed by additional cleavage of Nterminal POMC: 1-MSH, 2-MSH (not found in mice), and 3-MSH. ACTH is further cleaved to ultimately generate MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP). ACTH and the family of MSH peptides are known as melanocortins. The melanoc ...
... forms of -MSH are formed by additional cleavage of Nterminal POMC: 1-MSH, 2-MSH (not found in mice), and 3-MSH. ACTH is further cleaved to ultimately generate MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP). ACTH and the family of MSH peptides are known as melanocortins. The melanoc ...
Could membrane lipids influence the receptor tyrosine kinase
... equally well with both EGFR monomers and EGFR dimers. The next question concerns the possible ways of binding between GM3 and EGFR receptor. The answer is probably hidden in the EGFR and GM3 structures. It is well-known that in the EGFR extracellular domains have from eleven to twelve potential glyc ...
... equally well with both EGFR monomers and EGFR dimers. The next question concerns the possible ways of binding between GM3 and EGFR receptor. The answer is probably hidden in the EGFR and GM3 structures. It is well-known that in the EGFR extracellular domains have from eleven to twelve potential glyc ...
Multiplicative Gain Changes Are Induced by Excitation or Inhibition
... in vivo are measured in the curve of firing rate versus stimulus parameter. We find that when this curve is considered, and when the nonlinear relationships between stimulus parameter and input current and between input current and firing rate in vivo are taken into account, then simple excitation o ...
... in vivo are measured in the curve of firing rate versus stimulus parameter. We find that when this curve is considered, and when the nonlinear relationships between stimulus parameter and input current and between input current and firing rate in vivo are taken into account, then simple excitation o ...
Restraining influence of A2 neurons in chronic control of arterial
... duration of the study (one week prior to and four weeks after viral vector microinjection) individually in metabolic cages (Tecniplast no. 3700 M071, Gazzada, Italy). WR were used as a normotensive comparator as each strain had its own control. In addition, based on their undefined genetic lineage t ...
... duration of the study (one week prior to and four weeks after viral vector microinjection) individually in metabolic cages (Tecniplast no. 3700 M071, Gazzada, Italy). WR were used as a normotensive comparator as each strain had its own control. In addition, based on their undefined genetic lineage t ...
Open interconnected model of basal ganglia
... symptoms as a result of damage to only one station in one of the circuits. Thus, whereas the closed segregated organization provides a framework whereby damage to different stations of an individual circuit results in selective disturbances of motor, cognitive, or emotional behaviors, the open inter ...
... symptoms as a result of damage to only one station in one of the circuits. Thus, whereas the closed segregated organization provides a framework whereby damage to different stations of an individual circuit results in selective disturbances of motor, cognitive, or emotional behaviors, the open inter ...
Dopaminergic and Glutamatergic Dysfunctions
... 2.1. Evolution of Dopamine Hypothesis The idea that dopamine and dopaminergic mechanisms are central to schizophrenia, particularly psychosis, has been one of the most plausible and established hypothesis about the illness. This hypothesis evolved from clinical observations, received empirical valid ...
... 2.1. Evolution of Dopamine Hypothesis The idea that dopamine and dopaminergic mechanisms are central to schizophrenia, particularly psychosis, has been one of the most plausible and established hypothesis about the illness. This hypothesis evolved from clinical observations, received empirical valid ...
Review Inhibitory neurotransmission, plasticity and aging in the
... glycinergic inhibitory neurotransmission. As seen in development, age-related changes may be activity dependent. Age-related presynaptic changes in the cochlear nucleus include reduced glycine levels, while in the auditory midbrain and cortex, GABA synthesis and release are altered. Presumably, in r ...
... glycinergic inhibitory neurotransmission. As seen in development, age-related changes may be activity dependent. Age-related presynaptic changes in the cochlear nucleus include reduced glycine levels, while in the auditory midbrain and cortex, GABA synthesis and release are altered. Presumably, in r ...
- AVMA Journals Online
... IX), which innervate the muscles that move the digits.16–19 This suggests that an RN disturbance could also be the basis of the pathogenesis of the spastic syndrome (ie, standing disease) of adult cattle20 or BSP (ie, Elso Heel) of young calves,21 characterized by hyperextension and spastic movement ...
... IX), which innervate the muscles that move the digits.16–19 This suggests that an RN disturbance could also be the basis of the pathogenesis of the spastic syndrome (ie, standing disease) of adult cattle20 or BSP (ie, Elso Heel) of young calves,21 characterized by hyperextension and spastic movement ...
Conductance-Based Model of the Voltage
... Otsuka, Takeshi, Takafumi Abe, Takahisa Tsukagawa, and WenJie Song. Conductance-based model of the voltage-dependent generation of a plateau potential in subthalamic neurons. J Neurophysiol 92: 255–264, 2004; 10.1152/jn.00508.2003. Because the subthalamic nucleus (STN) acts as a driving force of the ...
... Otsuka, Takeshi, Takafumi Abe, Takahisa Tsukagawa, and WenJie Song. Conductance-based model of the voltage-dependent generation of a plateau potential in subthalamic neurons. J Neurophysiol 92: 255–264, 2004; 10.1152/jn.00508.2003. Because the subthalamic nucleus (STN) acts as a driving force of the ...
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model
... The cellular and network mechanisms that give rise to each of these firing patterns are subject to extensive experimental and theoretical research. Several computational models have been suggested to explain the emergence of grid cells [9–21], place cells [11, 22–27] and head direction cells [11, 28 ...
... The cellular and network mechanisms that give rise to each of these firing patterns are subject to extensive experimental and theoretical research. Several computational models have been suggested to explain the emergence of grid cells [9–21], place cells [11, 22–27] and head direction cells [11, 28 ...
a Primer on the Brain and Nervous System
... makes us human. Neuroscientists, whose specialty is the study of the brain and the nervous system, have the daunting task of deciphering the mystery of how the brain commands the body. Over the years, the field has made enormous progress. For example, neuroscientists now know that each person has as ...
... makes us human. Neuroscientists, whose specialty is the study of the brain and the nervous system, have the daunting task of deciphering the mystery of how the brain commands the body. Over the years, the field has made enormous progress. For example, neuroscientists now know that each person has as ...
BrainFacts.org A P R I M E R ...
... makes us human. Neuroscientists, whose specialty is the study of the brain and the nervous system, have the daunting task of deciphering the mystery of how the brain commands the body. Over the years, the field has made enormous progress. For example, neuroscientists now know that each person has as ...
... makes us human. Neuroscientists, whose specialty is the study of the brain and the nervous system, have the daunting task of deciphering the mystery of how the brain commands the body. Over the years, the field has made enormous progress. For example, neuroscientists now know that each person has as ...
Neuronal correlates of decision
... Responses of S2 neurons during the comparison period Many neurons in S2 did not respond in a purely sensory manner: their response to stimulus f2 was not simply a function of f2 frequency. Two particularly clear example neurons are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The trial blocks highlighted by thick black ...
... Responses of S2 neurons during the comparison period Many neurons in S2 did not respond in a purely sensory manner: their response to stimulus f2 was not simply a function of f2 frequency. Two particularly clear example neurons are shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The trial blocks highlighted by thick black ...
primer on brain facts - Chicago Society of Neuroscience
... makes us human. Neuroscientists, whose specialty is the study of the brain and the nervous system, have the daunting task of deciphering the mystery of how the brain commands the body. Over the years, the field has made enormous progress. For example, neuroscientists now know that each person has as ...
... makes us human. Neuroscientists, whose specialty is the study of the brain and the nervous system, have the daunting task of deciphering the mystery of how the brain commands the body. Over the years, the field has made enormous progress. For example, neuroscientists now know that each person has as ...
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
... neurons, their functional significance is not clearly understood. They might increase the dendritic surface area in order to optimize the packing of a large number of synapses onto a given length of dendrite186–188. Alternatively, they might serve as biochemical compartments that restrict the diffus ...
... neurons, their functional significance is not clearly understood. They might increase the dendritic surface area in order to optimize the packing of a large number of synapses onto a given length of dendrite186–188. Alternatively, they might serve as biochemical compartments that restrict the diffus ...
Morphological and Quantitative Study of Neurons in the Gracile
... size and shape; 2) density of dendritic tree and 3) presence or absence of different types of spines and/or appendages on dendrites and/or cell bodies. Type I Neurons: These multipolar or elongated neurons (Figure 2) represented the largest impregnated neuronal type in the Gr. They had very large so ...
... size and shape; 2) density of dendritic tree and 3) presence or absence of different types of spines and/or appendages on dendrites and/or cell bodies. Type I Neurons: These multipolar or elongated neurons (Figure 2) represented the largest impregnated neuronal type in the Gr. They had very large so ...
Cicc4e_02-FINAL_PPT
... How do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems allow people and animals to interact with their surroundings and control the body’s automatic functions? How do the hormones released by glands interact with the nervous system and affect behavior? How do psychologists study the brain and how it works ...
... How do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems allow people and animals to interact with their surroundings and control the body’s automatic functions? How do the hormones released by glands interact with the nervous system and affect behavior? How do psychologists study the brain and how it works ...
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Inflammatory and Degenerative Brain
... expression. In rat brain, COX-2 expression follows developmental gradients and coincides with the critical period of activity-dependent cortical development (17). In Rett syndrome—a neurological disorder associated with mental retardation, defective development of cortical neurons, and abnormalities ...
... expression. In rat brain, COX-2 expression follows developmental gradients and coincides with the critical period of activity-dependent cortical development (17). In Rett syndrome—a neurological disorder associated with mental retardation, defective development of cortical neurons, and abnormalities ...
Mirror Proposal 8-01 - USC - University of Southern California
... association between F5 motor activity and the visual stimuli resulting from this activity, will extract "hand configuration" data concerning the relation of the moving hand to an object that will readily generalize to the movements of others' hands. The model will involve a self-organization process ...
... association between F5 motor activity and the visual stimuli resulting from this activity, will extract "hand configuration" data concerning the relation of the moving hand to an object that will readily generalize to the movements of others' hands. The model will involve a self-organization process ...
Novel approaches to explore mechanisms of
... Epilepsy comprises a family of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures, which can be highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmac ...
... Epilepsy comprises a family of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent seizures, which can be highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmac ...
“Attention for Action” and “Response Selection” in Primate Anterior
... isolated with a laboratory-made amplifier and window discriminator. The isolated unit signals were acquired digitally by the TEMPO system at 1 kHz only during successful trials. This system was also set up to record the horizontal and vertical eye positions, electromyograph (EMG), and other task-rel ...
... isolated with a laboratory-made amplifier and window discriminator. The isolated unit signals were acquired digitally by the TEMPO system at 1 kHz only during successful trials. This system was also set up to record the horizontal and vertical eye positions, electromyograph (EMG), and other task-rel ...
Modeling goal-directed spatial navigation in the rat based on physiological
... We investigated the importance of hippocampal theta oscillations and the significance of phase differences of theta modulation in the cortical regions that are involved in goal-directed spatial navigation. Our models used representations of entorhinal cortex layer III (ECIII), hippocampus and prefro ...
... We investigated the importance of hippocampal theta oscillations and the significance of phase differences of theta modulation in the cortical regions that are involved in goal-directed spatial navigation. Our models used representations of entorhinal cortex layer III (ECIII), hippocampus and prefro ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.