Central nervous system control of food intake and body
... has provided an insight into the molecular, cellular and behavioural mechanisms that link changes of body fat stores to adaptive adjustments of feeding behaviour. The physiological importance of this homeostatic control system is highlighted by the severe obesity that results from dysfunction of any ...
... has provided an insight into the molecular, cellular and behavioural mechanisms that link changes of body fat stores to adaptive adjustments of feeding behaviour. The physiological importance of this homeostatic control system is highlighted by the severe obesity that results from dysfunction of any ...
Interactions Between Premotor and Motor Cortices in Non
... (e.g. Godschalk et al. 1995), it does not give rise to many corticospinal projections (only 4 % of the total frontal lobe corticospinal projection (Dum and Strick 1991) and these terminate mostly in the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord (He et al. 1993). This established view has recently b ...
... (e.g. Godschalk et al. 1995), it does not give rise to many corticospinal projections (only 4 % of the total frontal lobe corticospinal projection (Dum and Strick 1991) and these terminate mostly in the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord (He et al. 1993). This established view has recently b ...
Neuronal sources of hedgehog modulate neurogenesis in the adult
... then found a smaller group of cells close to the flatworm’s brain that looked like dedicated neural stem cells. These cells can receive the hedgehog signals, and further experiments showed that flatworm’s brain requires hedgehog signaling to be able to produce new neurons at its normal level. The he ...
... then found a smaller group of cells close to the flatworm’s brain that looked like dedicated neural stem cells. These cells can receive the hedgehog signals, and further experiments showed that flatworm’s brain requires hedgehog signaling to be able to produce new neurons at its normal level. The he ...
Function of Peripheral Olfactory Organs
... are nearly as concentrated as filaments close to the source (Murlis 1986) and so distance-to-the-source cannot be easily (if at all) unequivocally discriminated by the insect by using absolute concentration readings. Although it is true that these virtually undiluted odour bursts are rarer farther d ...
... are nearly as concentrated as filaments close to the source (Murlis 1986) and so distance-to-the-source cannot be easily (if at all) unequivocally discriminated by the insect by using absolute concentration readings. Although it is true that these virtually undiluted odour bursts are rarer farther d ...
mRNA at the Synapse - Journal of Neuroscience
... Figure 1. Electron micrographs of the MF-CA3 synapse. a, MF-CA3 synapse in stratum lucidum of hippocampal area CA3 (from Chicurel and Harris, 1992). b, MF-CA3 synaptosomal preparation. Arrows indicate ribosome clusters; arrowheads indicate PSDs. MF, MF boutons; D, dendritic spines; A, astrocyte proc ...
... Figure 1. Electron micrographs of the MF-CA3 synapse. a, MF-CA3 synapse in stratum lucidum of hippocampal area CA3 (from Chicurel and Harris, 1992). b, MF-CA3 synaptosomal preparation. Arrows indicate ribosome clusters; arrowheads indicate PSDs. MF, MF boutons; D, dendritic spines; A, astrocyte proc ...
Anatomical origins of the classical receptive field and modulatory
... same eye, while the arbor of a single parvocellular channel axon spreads across only half an ocular dominance band- about 200 pm (Fig. 1). The physical size of thalamic axon arbors relative to the size of the dendritic arbor of the thalamic recipient neurons in the cortex, and the overlap between th ...
... same eye, while the arbor of a single parvocellular channel axon spreads across only half an ocular dominance band- about 200 pm (Fig. 1). The physical size of thalamic axon arbors relative to the size of the dendritic arbor of the thalamic recipient neurons in the cortex, and the overlap between th ...
Basal Ganglia objectives - NBio401
... -Be able to explain how, in addition to the pathways affecting limb movements, there are other loops between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex that perform analogous functions for oculomotor, executive, and emotional systems. - Be able to describe the type of learning in which the basal ganglia ...
... -Be able to explain how, in addition to the pathways affecting limb movements, there are other loops between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex that perform analogous functions for oculomotor, executive, and emotional systems. - Be able to describe the type of learning in which the basal ganglia ...
as a PDF
... referred to as catabolic-effector pathways (9). Both pathways also regulate energy expenditure in ways that complement their effects on energy intake and enhance the overall response to a change in body fat content. Activation of anabolic pathways, for example, increases food intake and decreases en ...
... referred to as catabolic-effector pathways (9). Both pathways also regulate energy expenditure in ways that complement their effects on energy intake and enhance the overall response to a change in body fat content. Activation of anabolic pathways, for example, increases food intake and decreases en ...
Different Subthreshold Mechanisms Underlie Song Selectivity in
... the nature of auditory information transmitted from HVc to other song nuclei, while impeding insight into the mechanisms underlying song selectivity. Here, in vivo intracellular recordings from identified HVc neurons were used to measure their responses to BOS playback. These studies show that HVc’s ...
... the nature of auditory information transmitted from HVc to other song nuclei, while impeding insight into the mechanisms underlying song selectivity. Here, in vivo intracellular recordings from identified HVc neurons were used to measure their responses to BOS playback. These studies show that HVc’s ...
I Know What You Are Doing: A - Università degli Studi di Parma
... two, the response was stronger during the late movement epoch in the hidden condition, while it was stronger during the holding epoch in the full vision condition. For the other neuron, the peak response occurred during the holding phase in the hidden condition and immediately after the analyzed hol ...
... two, the response was stronger during the late movement epoch in the hidden condition, while it was stronger during the holding epoch in the full vision condition. For the other neuron, the peak response occurred during the holding phase in the hidden condition and immediately after the analyzed hol ...
NK1 receptor-expressing spinoparabrachial neurons trigger diffuse
... feature of DNIC is that they are subserved by a loop that involves supraspinal structures that have not yet been identified. Using behavioral, in vivo extracellular electrophysiological and anatomical approaches, we studied the neuronal network underlying DNIC. Using a new behavioral model of DNIC, i ...
... feature of DNIC is that they are subserved by a loop that involves supraspinal structures that have not yet been identified. Using behavioral, in vivo extracellular electrophysiological and anatomical approaches, we studied the neuronal network underlying DNIC. Using a new behavioral model of DNIC, i ...
Aging reduces total neuron number in the dorsal component of the
... Figure 2. Aging reduced total neuron number and the number of GAD67-positive cells in the dorsal component of the rat prefrontal cortex. A: Unbiased stereological estimates of total neuron number reveal that aging is associated with neuronal loss in the dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC). There was no ...
... Figure 2. Aging reduced total neuron number and the number of GAD67-positive cells in the dorsal component of the rat prefrontal cortex. A: Unbiased stereological estimates of total neuron number reveal that aging is associated with neuronal loss in the dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC). There was no ...
Regulation of neuronal survival and death by extracellular signals
... populations that innervate them. This hypothesis arose from work on nerve growth factor (NGF), the ®rst neuron survival factor to be identi®ed. The principal tenet of this hypothesis is that the survival of developing neurons depends on the supply of a neurotrophic factor that is synthesized in limi ...
... populations that innervate them. This hypothesis arose from work on nerve growth factor (NGF), the ®rst neuron survival factor to be identi®ed. The principal tenet of this hypothesis is that the survival of developing neurons depends on the supply of a neurotrophic factor that is synthesized in limi ...
Espasticidad,!!nuevos!conceptos!fisiológicos!y!patofisiológicos
... Besides) the) pyramidal) tract) anatomy,) it) is) important) to) know) the) neurotransmitters) involved) in) this) system,) as) an) im0 paired) neurochemistry) may) lead) to) functional) disorders) at) any) level.) Histochemical) techniques) have) been) used) since) the) 40’s) to)60’s)to)identify)th ...
... Besides) the) pyramidal) tract) anatomy,) it) is) important) to) know) the) neurotransmitters) involved) in) this) system,) as) an) im0 paired) neurochemistry) may) lead) to) functional) disorders) at) any) level.) Histochemical) techniques) have) been) used) since) the) 40’s) to)60’s)to)identify)th ...
the organization of the arthropod central nervous system
... The only integrative function of most single segmental interneurons seems to be to bring together the information received from a number of similar sense organs, but a few of these neurons, perhaps only one or two for each appendage, integrate further by responding to more than one sensory modality. ...
... The only integrative function of most single segmental interneurons seems to be to bring together the information received from a number of similar sense organs, but a few of these neurons, perhaps only one or two for each appendage, integrate further by responding to more than one sensory modality. ...
The role of temporal parameters in a thalamocortical model of analogy
... cortex-driven cortical activity? As suggested in [27] and [28], the TRN is a promising location where such a filtering can occur. The basic idea is that the reticular neurons receive both ascending thalamic input- and descending-cortical feedback, and reticular inhibition cancels out cortical feedba ...
... cortex-driven cortical activity? As suggested in [27] and [28], the TRN is a promising location where such a filtering can occur. The basic idea is that the reticular neurons receive both ascending thalamic input- and descending-cortical feedback, and reticular inhibition cancels out cortical feedba ...
Cerebrospinal fluid nerve growth factor levels in patients with
... since it is one of the most important growth factors and changes in CSF NGF are seen in many neurological diseases.12 There are a number of in vivo studies showing neuroprotection by neurotrophic factors against focal ischemia,13,14 traumatic injury15 and free radical injury.16 It has been shown tha ...
... since it is one of the most important growth factors and changes in CSF NGF are seen in many neurological diseases.12 There are a number of in vivo studies showing neuroprotection by neurotrophic factors against focal ischemia,13,14 traumatic injury15 and free radical injury.16 It has been shown tha ...
KCNQ/M Channels Control Spike Afterdepolarization and Burst
... (Halliwell and Adams, 1982; Aiken et al., 1995; Schnee and Brown, 1998; Schweitzer, 2000). To isolate the drug effects on intrinsic membrane properties, fast synaptic excitation and inhibition were blocked pharmacologically in most experiments. We first examined the effects of the KCNQ/M channel blo ...
... (Halliwell and Adams, 1982; Aiken et al., 1995; Schnee and Brown, 1998; Schweitzer, 2000). To isolate the drug effects on intrinsic membrane properties, fast synaptic excitation and inhibition were blocked pharmacologically in most experiments. We first examined the effects of the KCNQ/M channel blo ...
Cellular Mechanisms in the Amygdala Involved in Memory
... for adapting to threatening events for survival. Moreover, fear can lead to a number of anxiety disorders when aberrantly expressed. Defining the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying fear memory will enhance our understanding of biological mechanism to enemies, as well as our ability to devel ...
... for adapting to threatening events for survival. Moreover, fear can lead to a number of anxiety disorders when aberrantly expressed. Defining the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying fear memory will enhance our understanding of biological mechanism to enemies, as well as our ability to devel ...
Dissecting and Staining Drosophila Optic Lobes
... Yamaguchi et al. 2008). Therefore, the fly color vision system likely relies on comparing the inputs of R7 and R8 in the medulla neuropil. To understand how color vision is processed, we have described the target neurons of R7 and R8 in the medulla (Morante and Desplan 2008) in a study that builds o ...
... Yamaguchi et al. 2008). Therefore, the fly color vision system likely relies on comparing the inputs of R7 and R8 in the medulla neuropil. To understand how color vision is processed, we have described the target neurons of R7 and R8 in the medulla (Morante and Desplan 2008) in a study that builds o ...
Self-referential forces are sufficient to explain different dendritic
... circuits are possible and second which dendritic computations can be performed over a neuron’s inputs. It is known that a range of chemical cues can influence the final shape of dendrites during development. Here, we investigate the extent to which self-referential influences, cues generated by the ...
... circuits are possible and second which dendritic computations can be performed over a neuron’s inputs. It is known that a range of chemical cues can influence the final shape of dendrites during development. Here, we investigate the extent to which self-referential influences, cues generated by the ...
FINE STRUCTURE OF NERVE FIBERS AND GROWTH CONES OF
... FIGURE :t Neuron A, areas c, c', c" of Fig. 1. Spread out area c emerges from the fiber (which runs horizontally at the top of the figure) where numerous components of endoplasmic retieulum are seen. Area c', located about halfway between the fiber and the tip, contains long meandering tubules of a ...
... FIGURE :t Neuron A, areas c, c', c" of Fig. 1. Spread out area c emerges from the fiber (which runs horizontally at the top of the figure) where numerous components of endoplasmic retieulum are seen. Area c', located about halfway between the fiber and the tip, contains long meandering tubules of a ...
Sleep and sleep states: Thalamic regulation
... delta-wave activity has been found in the isolated thalamus as well in thalamic slices, although these are more regular than delta waves in vivo. The latter studies demonstrated that this form of delta-wave activity is generated intrinsically by the interplay of IT and Ih currents in thalamocortical ...
... delta-wave activity has been found in the isolated thalamus as well in thalamic slices, although these are more regular than delta waves in vivo. The latter studies demonstrated that this form of delta-wave activity is generated intrinsically by the interplay of IT and Ih currents in thalamocortical ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.