Artificial Intelligence (AI). Neural Networks
... Each neuron in the brain can take electrochemical signals as input via its dendrites and can process them before sending new signals along the axon and via the dendrites of the other connected neurons. The neuron sends signal if the collective influence of all its inputs reaches a threshold level (a ...
... Each neuron in the brain can take electrochemical signals as input via its dendrites and can process them before sending new signals along the axon and via the dendrites of the other connected neurons. The neuron sends signal if the collective influence of all its inputs reaches a threshold level (a ...
Cellular scaling rules for the brain of afrotherians
... processed. The cerebellum was dissected by cutting the cerebellar peduncles at the surface of the brainstem. The cerebral cortex in all animals was manually dissected from the striatum and other subcortical structures. The hippocampus was then dissected from each cortical hemisphere, under a stereos ...
... processed. The cerebellum was dissected by cutting the cerebellar peduncles at the surface of the brainstem. The cerebral cortex in all animals was manually dissected from the striatum and other subcortical structures. The hippocampus was then dissected from each cortical hemisphere, under a stereos ...
Vesicular glutamate transporter 3
... substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studies have revealed that nonserotonergic neurons in the rat DR project to various brain regions (Aznar et al., 2004; Beitz et al., 1986; Datiche et al., 1995; Halberstadt and Balaban, 2006, 2007, 2008; Hay-Schmidt et ...
... substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studies have revealed that nonserotonergic neurons in the rat DR project to various brain regions (Aznar et al., 2004; Beitz et al., 1986; Datiche et al., 1995; Halberstadt and Balaban, 2006, 2007, 2008; Hay-Schmidt et ...
the superior Olivary complex
... Altschuler et al., 1984); dynorphin, Abou-Madi et al., 1987); calicitonin gene-related peptide, Vetter et al., ...
... Altschuler et al., 1984); dynorphin, Abou-Madi et al., 1987); calicitonin gene-related peptide, Vetter et al., ...
Nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (N5756) - Product - Sigma
... such as electroplating and nickel-plating, and as an NH3 absorbant in gas masks.1 In chemistry, NiCl2 is used to prepare nickel coordination compounds.2,3 In biology, NiCl2 is a source of nickel ion for cell culture and toxicological studies, such as in the blockage of ion channel activity.4,5,6,7 N ...
... such as electroplating and nickel-plating, and as an NH3 absorbant in gas masks.1 In chemistry, NiCl2 is used to prepare nickel coordination compounds.2,3 In biology, NiCl2 is a source of nickel ion for cell culture and toxicological studies, such as in the blockage of ion channel activity.4,5,6,7 N ...
PDF
... question is whether there are some new calretinin interneuron subtypes, which might substantially change micro-circuitry structure of the primate cerebral cortex. Keywords: GABA, calretinin, neocortex, pyramidal neurons, species differences ...
... question is whether there are some new calretinin interneuron subtypes, which might substantially change micro-circuitry structure of the primate cerebral cortex. Keywords: GABA, calretinin, neocortex, pyramidal neurons, species differences ...
Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system
... anorexic effect53. On the cellular level, electrophysiological analyses suggest that ghrelin acts on the arcuate NPY/AgRP neurons to coordinately activate these orexigenic cells, while inhibiting the anorexigenic POMC cells by increasing GABA release onto them38. Ghrelin can also stimulate appetite ...
... anorexic effect53. On the cellular level, electrophysiological analyses suggest that ghrelin acts on the arcuate NPY/AgRP neurons to coordinately activate these orexigenic cells, while inhibiting the anorexigenic POMC cells by increasing GABA release onto them38. Ghrelin can also stimulate appetite ...
B - CommuniGate Pro uni
... vulnerable to anesthetics ~3s and have not been reported in commonly used in vitro approaches, such as the acute brain slice preparation. Secondly, at least two classes of interneurons profoundly influence striatal network dynamics. The GABAergic interneuron H2 takes part in prominent local inhibito ...
... vulnerable to anesthetics ~3s and have not been reported in commonly used in vitro approaches, such as the acute brain slice preparation. Secondly, at least two classes of interneurons profoundly influence striatal network dynamics. The GABAergic interneuron H2 takes part in prominent local inhibito ...
Vomeronasal Function - Oxford Academic
... Matsunami and Buck, 1997; Ryba and Tirindelli, 1997). The further steps of possible transduction cascades linked to these putative receptors and the G-proteins are not yet known. In non-mammalian vertebrates, and recently in mammalian preparations, there is accumulating evidence for an IP3-mediated ...
... Matsunami and Buck, 1997; Ryba and Tirindelli, 1997). The further steps of possible transduction cascades linked to these putative receptors and the G-proteins are not yet known. In non-mammalian vertebrates, and recently in mammalian preparations, there is accumulating evidence for an IP3-mediated ...
Revised_BJP_MS_
... (Gonzalez et al., 2011; Jayamanne et al., 2006). Immediately following the administration of antagonists, rats received either JZL184 (10mg kg-1 in an injection volume of 2ml kg-1, generously received from Prof Benjamin Cravatt, Scripps Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA) or vehicle (ethanol:cremophor:sal ...
... (Gonzalez et al., 2011; Jayamanne et al., 2006). Immediately following the administration of antagonists, rats received either JZL184 (10mg kg-1 in an injection volume of 2ml kg-1, generously received from Prof Benjamin Cravatt, Scripps Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA) or vehicle (ethanol:cremophor:sal ...
Size and number of binucleate and mononucleate superior
... and physiological functions and a major incidence of degenerative diseases. These alterations are the result of an interaction among many factors and one may say that ageing is therefore a multifaceted phenomenon (Szweda et al. 2003). In the nervous system, the changes most frequently related are ne ...
... and physiological functions and a major incidence of degenerative diseases. These alterations are the result of an interaction among many factors and one may say that ageing is therefore a multifaceted phenomenon (Szweda et al. 2003). In the nervous system, the changes most frequently related are ne ...
Isodirectional Tuning of Adjacent Interneurons and Pyramidal Cells
... study all combinations were noted in both the FS and RS populations. The directionality of a unit’s response in each of the four epochs was assessed statistically with a vector-algorithm technique that provides a value for the overall strength and direction of tuning. A brief description follows. As ...
... study all combinations were noted in both the FS and RS populations. The directionality of a unit’s response in each of the four epochs was assessed statistically with a vector-algorithm technique that provides a value for the overall strength and direction of tuning. A brief description follows. As ...
The rhinal cortices: a wall of inhibition between the
... involve massive neuronal activation. Rather, there is a low probability that PRC neurons will transfer neocortical inputs to ERC and reciprocally. For instance, laminar analysis of extracellular field potentials performed in the isolated guinea pig brain preparation showed that the activity induced ...
... involve massive neuronal activation. Rather, there is a low probability that PRC neurons will transfer neocortical inputs to ERC and reciprocally. For instance, laminar analysis of extracellular field potentials performed in the isolated guinea pig brain preparation showed that the activity induced ...
Purves ch. 8 + Kandel ch. 23 - Weizmann Institute of Science
... The long axis of the corpuscle is usually oriented parallel to the stretch lines in skin; thus, Ruffini’s corpuscles are particularly sensitive to the cutaneous stretching produced by digit or limb movements. They account for about 20% of the receptors in the human hand and do not elicit any particu ...
... The long axis of the corpuscle is usually oriented parallel to the stretch lines in skin; thus, Ruffini’s corpuscles are particularly sensitive to the cutaneous stretching produced by digit or limb movements. They account for about 20% of the receptors in the human hand and do not elicit any particu ...
Pain in Down`s Syndrome
... Several cortical areas have been shown to be involved in the processing of painful stimuli: primary somatosensory cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex and its vicinity to the parietal operculum, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex. These areas probably process different aspect ...
... Several cortical areas have been shown to be involved in the processing of painful stimuli: primary somatosensory cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex and its vicinity to the parietal operculum, insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and prefrontal cortex. These areas probably process different aspect ...
Aggregation of Sodium Channels during Development and
... AChR subunits and channel kinetics change (Sakmann and Brenner, 1978; Mishina et al., 1986; Gu and Hall, 1988), synaptic vesicle proteins are restricted to the nerve terminal (Lupa and Hall, 1989; Dahm and Landmesser, 1991) subsynaptic folds appear (Terivainen, 1968; Kelly and Zacks, 1969) and polyn ...
... AChR subunits and channel kinetics change (Sakmann and Brenner, 1978; Mishina et al., 1986; Gu and Hall, 1988), synaptic vesicle proteins are restricted to the nerve terminal (Lupa and Hall, 1989; Dahm and Landmesser, 1991) subsynaptic folds appear (Terivainen, 1968; Kelly and Zacks, 1969) and polyn ...
Corticothalamic feedback and sensory processing
... markedly modified by feedback from the activated regions of cortex. The activation of a particular region of cortex leads to an initial assessment that the BF of that area of cortex is present in the sensory signal. By amplifying the responses of thalamic neurons that best encode the predicted signa ...
... markedly modified by feedback from the activated regions of cortex. The activation of a particular region of cortex leads to an initial assessment that the BF of that area of cortex is present in the sensory signal. By amplifying the responses of thalamic neurons that best encode the predicted signa ...
er81 is expressed in a subpopulation of layer 5
... cortical cell types are determined in the ventricular zone just before the final proliferation (McConnell and Kaznowski, 1991). The neurons with the same ‘birthday’ in the ventricular zone are more or less distributed in similar laminar locations (Angevine and Sidman, 1961; Rakic, 1972). On the othe ...
... cortical cell types are determined in the ventricular zone just before the final proliferation (McConnell and Kaznowski, 1991). The neurons with the same ‘birthday’ in the ventricular zone are more or less distributed in similar laminar locations (Angevine and Sidman, 1961; Rakic, 1972). On the othe ...
Association of type I neurons positive for NADPH
... body is narrowly attenuated (7–10 μm in width). These have bipolar dendrites, extending 300–800 μm from the cell body. One or both of the dendrites is often closely associated with blood vessels and tends to be aligned dorso-ventral, perpendicular to the body of the callosum. Another subpopulation o ...
... body is narrowly attenuated (7–10 μm in width). These have bipolar dendrites, extending 300–800 μm from the cell body. One or both of the dendrites is often closely associated with blood vessels and tends to be aligned dorso-ventral, perpendicular to the body of the callosum. Another subpopulation o ...
Emerging role of the brain in the homeostatic regulation of
... influencing the sympathetic nervous system.44 The prooptic area is an important area in the control of body temperature.45 VMH was the first hypothalamic nucleus to be studied regarding the regulation of BAT activity. The DMN also contains sympathoexcitatory neurons,46 which regulate thermogenic activ ...
... influencing the sympathetic nervous system.44 The prooptic area is an important area in the control of body temperature.45 VMH was the first hypothalamic nucleus to be studied regarding the regulation of BAT activity. The DMN also contains sympathoexcitatory neurons,46 which regulate thermogenic activ ...
Direct Demonstration of a Physiological Role for Carbon Monoxide
... examine the role of CO production by neurons for several reasons. First, recent evidence suggests that olfactory receptor neurons have a high level of expression of HO-2 but lack NOS activity (Verma et al., 1993), which provides us with an ideal model in which to detect the amount of’ physiological ...
... examine the role of CO production by neurons for several reasons. First, recent evidence suggests that olfactory receptor neurons have a high level of expression of HO-2 but lack NOS activity (Verma et al., 1993), which provides us with an ideal model in which to detect the amount of’ physiological ...
ЛЕКЦІЯ 2
... membrane in the same way that action potentials travel along nerve fiber membranes. 6. The action potential depolarizes the muscle membrane, and fiber. Here it causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release large quantities of calcium ions that have been stored within this reticulum. 7. The calcium io ...
... membrane in the same way that action potentials travel along nerve fiber membranes. 6. The action potential depolarizes the muscle membrane, and fiber. Here it causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release large quantities of calcium ions that have been stored within this reticulum. 7. The calcium io ...
Turtle Dorsal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons Comprise Two Distinct Cell
... Procedures used in this study were approved by Washington University’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and conform to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health on the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans, 150–200 g weight, 12–1 ...
... Procedures used in this study were approved by Washington University’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and conform to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health on the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans, 150–200 g weight, 12–1 ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.