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... differences in calcium influx between two cells have the potential to generate sustained differences in calcium-regulated signaling outputs. It is, however, not known whether calcium levels and fluctuations in the two AWC neurons are similar or different before they start to communicate with each ot ...
... differences in calcium influx between two cells have the potential to generate sustained differences in calcium-regulated signaling outputs. It is, however, not known whether calcium levels and fluctuations in the two AWC neurons are similar or different before they start to communicate with each ot ...
Primitive Roles for Inhibitory Interneurons in Developing Frog Spinal
... mammals by their inputs (whether they are excitatory or inhibitory), their output target neurons, and their roles during responses have been emphasized recently (Jankowska, 2001). However, the differential expression of transcription factors is now beginning to unscramble the developmental origins o ...
... mammals by their inputs (whether they are excitatory or inhibitory), their output target neurons, and their roles during responses have been emphasized recently (Jankowska, 2001). However, the differential expression of transcription factors is now beginning to unscramble the developmental origins o ...
The subiculum comes of age
... cells are connected bi-directionally with the presubiculum and with the EC (Köhler, 1986; Funahashi et al., 1999). Therefore, the subiculum participates in multiple short- and long-range glutamatergic circuits configured as nested loops (Kloosterman et al., 2003, 2004). Moreover, direct and indirect ...
... cells are connected bi-directionally with the presubiculum and with the EC (Köhler, 1986; Funahashi et al., 1999). Therefore, the subiculum participates in multiple short- and long-range glutamatergic circuits configured as nested loops (Kloosterman et al., 2003, 2004). Moreover, direct and indirect ...
Sparse Coding in the Neocortex
... that the ultimate goal is to have one neuron for every object—and certainly not for a particular view of every object. We believe that sparseness helps learning and prediction even at early stages of sensory processing, like those found in V1. But too much specificity or sparseness can actually make ...
... that the ultimate goal is to have one neuron for every object—and certainly not for a particular view of every object. We believe that sparseness helps learning and prediction even at early stages of sensory processing, like those found in V1. But too much specificity or sparseness can actually make ...
BRAIN DYNAMICS AT MULTIPLE SCALES: CAN ONE RECONCILE
... Dynamics in Brain Activity The above results are consistent with the idea that awake brain activity may be associated with high-dimensional dynamics, perhaps analogous to a stochastic system. To further investigate this aspect, we have examined data from animal experiments in which both microscopic ...
... Dynamics in Brain Activity The above results are consistent with the idea that awake brain activity may be associated with high-dimensional dynamics, perhaps analogous to a stochastic system. To further investigate this aspect, we have examined data from animal experiments in which both microscopic ...
The neuronal structure of the medial geniculate body in the pig
... pear-shaped neurons, the smallest cells of the pig MGB that have similar arborisation of the dendrites to the multipolar and triangular neurons were not reported in MGB of other mammals. Small neurons were described as Golgi type II neurons in the cat [9, 11, 31], rat [27], and in the opossum [34]. ...
... pear-shaped neurons, the smallest cells of the pig MGB that have similar arborisation of the dendrites to the multipolar and triangular neurons were not reported in MGB of other mammals. Small neurons were described as Golgi type II neurons in the cat [9, 11, 31], rat [27], and in the opossum [34]. ...
Plant and Soil. 182:
... and N2 fixation by soybean bacteroids may be stimulated by exogenous glutamate. Glutamate catabolic activity was detected in both the free-living and bacteroid forms of R. meliloti indicating that this amino acid may be implicated as an additional carbon source for effective nitrogen fixation (Fitzm ...
... and N2 fixation by soybean bacteroids may be stimulated by exogenous glutamate. Glutamate catabolic activity was detected in both the free-living and bacteroid forms of R. meliloti indicating that this amino acid may be implicated as an additional carbon source for effective nitrogen fixation (Fitzm ...
Distribution of GABA‐like immunoreactivity in the rat amygdaloid
... GABA-Li material. However, the pattern and location of The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the the neurons varied, as did their shapes, the density of their amygdaloid complex has been studied by using specific distribution, and the intensity of the staining in the anti-GABA antibodies ...
... GABA-Li material. However, the pattern and location of The distribution of GABA-like immunoreactivity in the the neurons varied, as did their shapes, the density of their amygdaloid complex has been studied by using specific distribution, and the intensity of the staining in the anti-GABA antibodies ...
What is the role of muscle receptors in proprioception?
... that there is more than one map of limb position in the brain and that motor acts make reference to a different map from that accessed by sensory input, one that is not the subject’s first choice. The motor map remained unaffected by muscle vibration, whereas the sensory map was distorted by it. The ...
... that there is more than one map of limb position in the brain and that motor acts make reference to a different map from that accessed by sensory input, one that is not the subject’s first choice. The motor map remained unaffected by muscle vibration, whereas the sensory map was distorted by it. The ...
Neural Control of Interappendage Phase During Locomotion
... network. Any given network can display one property without showing the other property. The fact that the swimmem system is both central and distributed is extremely useful and will be be discussed later in this paper. It is not possible in some preparations to isolate totally a portion of the CNS f ...
... network. Any given network can display one property without showing the other property. The fact that the swimmem system is both central and distributed is extremely useful and will be be discussed later in this paper. It is not possible in some preparations to isolate totally a portion of the CNS f ...
resumo_pertes_mecani..
... Following an action potential is a brief period of hyperpolarization during which the resting membrane potential of most nerve cells becomes notably negative. This occurs because of inactivation of Na channels, an influx of negative chloride ions, and continued efflux of K ions. When hyperpolarizati ...
... Following an action potential is a brief period of hyperpolarization during which the resting membrane potential of most nerve cells becomes notably negative. This occurs because of inactivation of Na channels, an influx of negative chloride ions, and continued efflux of K ions. When hyperpolarizati ...
Towards an Understanding of Parkinson's Disease
... lessened muscular power, in parts not in action …… with a propensity to bend the trunk forward, and to pass from a walking to a running pace …… the senses and intellect being uninjured.” ...
... lessened muscular power, in parts not in action …… with a propensity to bend the trunk forward, and to pass from a walking to a running pace …… the senses and intellect being uninjured.” ...
Changes in GABA Modulation During a Theta Cycle May Be
... the effective temperature and the relative energy of data terms and constraints of an analog network. These results suggest that phasic changes in the activity of inhibitory interneurons during a theta cycle may produce dynamics that resemble annealing. These dynamics may underlie a role for the the ...
... the effective temperature and the relative energy of data terms and constraints of an analog network. These results suggest that phasic changes in the activity of inhibitory interneurons during a theta cycle may produce dynamics that resemble annealing. These dynamics may underlie a role for the the ...
Maternal thyroid hormones are transcriptionally active during
... T3 concentration in the intracellular and nuclear compartments is dependent on (i ) the circulating levels of THs, (ii ) their rates of entry and exit in and out of the cell and the nucleus, (iii ) the rate of T4 to T3 conversion and (iv) T3 degradation in the cell [2]. The formation and degradatio ...
... T3 concentration in the intracellular and nuclear compartments is dependent on (i ) the circulating levels of THs, (ii ) their rates of entry and exit in and out of the cell and the nucleus, (iii ) the rate of T4 to T3 conversion and (iv) T3 degradation in the cell [2]. The formation and degradatio ...
MIRROR NEURON FUNCTION: AN EXAMINATION OF
... food does not move his fingers. Another important aspect is that activation ceases when the food is made available to him. Whereas, if these neurons were related to pre-motor neurons then activation would have increased in response to preparation of movement execution, not decreased. This supports t ...
... food does not move his fingers. Another important aspect is that activation ceases when the food is made available to him. Whereas, if these neurons were related to pre-motor neurons then activation would have increased in response to preparation of movement execution, not decreased. This supports t ...
2011 - Università degli studi di Pavia
... the cerebellum has inspired major computational theories, which have then influenced the scientific thought not only on the cerebellar function but also on the brain as a whole. However, six major issues revealing a discrepancy between morphologically inspired hypothesis and function have emerged. ( ...
... the cerebellum has inspired major computational theories, which have then influenced the scientific thought not only on the cerebellar function but also on the brain as a whole. However, six major issues revealing a discrepancy between morphologically inspired hypothesis and function have emerged. ( ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... mM PB, pH 7.4, containing either 4% paraformaldehyde or 1% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Slices containing biocytinfilled neurons that were destined for lightmicroscopic analysis only, were processed using a modified protocol described previously (Lübke et al., 2000). Slices were incuba ...
... mM PB, pH 7.4, containing either 4% paraformaldehyde or 1% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Slices containing biocytinfilled neurons that were destined for lightmicroscopic analysis only, were processed using a modified protocol described previously (Lübke et al., 2000). Slices were incuba ...
File
... In general, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems have opposite effects on each organ they influence. The two systems produce a level of fine control that coordinates organs throughout the body. For example, heart rate is increased by the sympathetic nervous system but decreased by the parasym ...
... In general, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems have opposite effects on each organ they influence. The two systems produce a level of fine control that coordinates organs throughout the body. For example, heart rate is increased by the sympathetic nervous system but decreased by the parasym ...
How Energy Metabolism Supports Cerebral Function
... and glial metabolic pathways underlying those processes. Currently, the improvement of detection modalities (i.e., direct detection of 13 C isotopomers), the progress in building adequate mathematical models along with the increase in magnetic field strength now available render possible detailed co ...
... and glial metabolic pathways underlying those processes. Currently, the improvement of detection modalities (i.e., direct detection of 13 C isotopomers), the progress in building adequate mathematical models along with the increase in magnetic field strength now available render possible detailed co ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... Submitted 1 March 2011; accepted in final form 6 September 2011 ...
... Submitted 1 March 2011; accepted in final form 6 September 2011 ...
Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium
... synaptic efficacy, with time scales of minutes. We then identify two ways in which this memory time scale can be extended: (i) the extracellular calcium concentration in the experiments used to fit the model are larger than estimated concentrations in vivo. Lowering extracellular calcium concentrati ...
... synaptic efficacy, with time scales of minutes. We then identify two ways in which this memory time scale can be extended: (i) the extracellular calcium concentration in the experiments used to fit the model are larger than estimated concentrations in vivo. Lowering extracellular calcium concentrati ...
A STUDY OF PRO- AND ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE FACTORS IN A MODEL... ASSOCIATED VISCERAL PAIN by Jessica Rose Benson
... This thesis examined whether neuroanatomical remodeling of DRG central nerve terminals underlies pro-nociceptive signaling and whether subsets of immune cells source the anti-nociceptive factor, β-endorphin. To examine pro-nociceptive mechanisms, acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse ...
... This thesis examined whether neuroanatomical remodeling of DRG central nerve terminals underlies pro-nociceptive signaling and whether subsets of immune cells source the anti-nociceptive factor, β-endorphin. To examine pro-nociceptive mechanisms, acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... integrated and affect the activity of GABAergic inhibitory projection neurons descending from the POA to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) or to the rostral medullary raphe region (rMR). Attenuation of the descending inhibition by cooling or pyrogenic signals leads to disinhibition of thermogenic n ...
... integrated and affect the activity of GABAergic inhibitory projection neurons descending from the POA to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) or to the rostral medullary raphe region (rMR). Attenuation of the descending inhibition by cooling or pyrogenic signals leads to disinhibition of thermogenic n ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.