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... inputs; the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synaptic contacts is ⬃10:1, which is unprecedented in the CNS (71). This pattern of synaptic organization, which results in noise assuming the characteristics of signal, allows hypocretinergic neurons to be easily activated, leading to rapid arousal (71) ...
... inputs; the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synaptic contacts is ⬃10:1, which is unprecedented in the CNS (71). This pattern of synaptic organization, which results in noise assuming the characteristics of signal, allows hypocretinergic neurons to be easily activated, leading to rapid arousal (71) ...
Joseph and Heberlein 1 Tissue-specific Activation of a
... that select appropriate motor outputs is essential for studying how organisms modulate behavior and make decisions necessary for survival. Drosophila melanogaster oviposition is one such important behavior, in which females evaluate their environment and choose to lay eggs on substrates they may fin ...
... that select appropriate motor outputs is essential for studying how organisms modulate behavior and make decisions necessary for survival. Drosophila melanogaster oviposition is one such important behavior, in which females evaluate their environment and choose to lay eggs on substrates they may fin ...
Impact of acute inflammation on spinal motoneuron synaptic
... fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is an intermediate filament (IF) protein belonging to the type III subclass of IF proteins, reacts with a single band of 52 kDa on immunoblotting [19]. The antibody used here showed a typical immunostaing pattern for astroglial cells, comparable to that descri ...
... fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is an intermediate filament (IF) protein belonging to the type III subclass of IF proteins, reacts with a single band of 52 kDa on immunoblotting [19]. The antibody used here showed a typical immunostaing pattern for astroglial cells, comparable to that descri ...
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... fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is an intermediate filament (IF) protein belonging to the type III subclass of IF proteins, reacts with a single band of 52 kDa on immunoblotting [19]. The antibody used here showed a typical immunostaing pattern for astroglial cells, comparable to that descri ...
... fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which is an intermediate filament (IF) protein belonging to the type III subclass of IF proteins, reacts with a single band of 52 kDa on immunoblotting [19]. The antibody used here showed a typical immunostaing pattern for astroglial cells, comparable to that descri ...
Synaptic Plasticity and Connectivity Requirements to
... stated as how responsive a neuron’s firing rate is to one stimuluspair (e.g. A+B) over all other stimulus-pairs (for a formal definition, see the experimental procedures). Any cell responding equally to all four stimulus-pairs is least selective (giving a measure of 0) while any cell responding to a ...
... stated as how responsive a neuron’s firing rate is to one stimuluspair (e.g. A+B) over all other stimulus-pairs (for a formal definition, see the experimental procedures). Any cell responding equally to all four stimulus-pairs is least selective (giving a measure of 0) while any cell responding to a ...
Lecture 9 Mass Spectrommetry Techniques
... Electric field applied to trapping plates constrain the ions to move around in a circle in between the plates. The circular motion induces an alternating current. The frequency of the AC is related to the m/z ratio. ...
... Electric field applied to trapping plates constrain the ions to move around in a circle in between the plates. The circular motion induces an alternating current. The frequency of the AC is related to the m/z ratio. ...
The neural basis of puberty and adolescence
... studied this most in the rhesus monkey and rat27,36–38. For example, after elimination of gonadal steroids by neonatal castration of male monkeys, gonadotropin levels remain very low during the two-tothree-year prepubertal period, but then gradually rise to high levels at the expected age of puberty ...
... studied this most in the rhesus monkey and rat27,36–38. For example, after elimination of gonadal steroids by neonatal castration of male monkeys, gonadotropin levels remain very low during the two-tothree-year prepubertal period, but then gradually rise to high levels at the expected age of puberty ...
MECHANISMS OF CENTRAL TRANSMISSION OF RESPIRATORY
... (1889) "Paradoxical reflex". That means that under certain conditions expiratory, as well as inspiratory activity is depressed by pulmonary inflation. At these higher ranges of lung inflation we could observe also inhibition of unspecific reticular activity (Koepchen 1969, Fig. 8). These findings su ...
... (1889) "Paradoxical reflex". That means that under certain conditions expiratory, as well as inspiratory activity is depressed by pulmonary inflation. At these higher ranges of lung inflation we could observe also inhibition of unspecific reticular activity (Koepchen 1969, Fig. 8). These findings su ...
Report - Ben Hayden
... To test this hypothesis, we studied the responses of single neurons, as well as the effects of microstimulation, in CGp in monkeys performing a gambling task. Monkeys prefer the risky option in this task, but their local pattern of choices strongly depends on the most recent reward obtained (Hayden ...
... To test this hypothesis, we studied the responses of single neurons, as well as the effects of microstimulation, in CGp in monkeys performing a gambling task. Monkeys prefer the risky option in this task, but their local pattern of choices strongly depends on the most recent reward obtained (Hayden ...
Passive Properties of Swimmeret Motor Neurons
... recorded with microelectrodes in the processes of swimmeret motor neurons in isolated abdominal nerve cord preparations. Membrane potentials had a median of 059 mV, with 25th and 75th percentiles of 066.0 and 053 mV. The median input resistance was 6.4 MV, with 25th and 75th percentiles of 3.4 and 1 ...
... recorded with microelectrodes in the processes of swimmeret motor neurons in isolated abdominal nerve cord preparations. Membrane potentials had a median of 059 mV, with 25th and 75th percentiles of 066.0 and 053 mV. The median input resistance was 6.4 MV, with 25th and 75th percentiles of 3.4 and 1 ...
Mental Processes -- How the Mind Arises from the Brain Roger Ellman
... ability in non-humans is apparently more limited. Nevertheless, for example, a dog can recognize another dog as a dog even though the dog recognized was never before seen and is of a significantly different breed or appearance. Recognition of universals is not always accurate even though the recogni ...
... ability in non-humans is apparently more limited. Nevertheless, for example, a dog can recognize another dog as a dog even though the dog recognized was never before seen and is of a significantly different breed or appearance. Recognition of universals is not always accurate even though the recogni ...
Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... the right of the target. The container was present only when grasp-toplace trials were run. Thus, the presence/absence of the container and the type of target to be grasped (i.e., the small cube/food) acted as contextual cues allowing the monkey to predict the experimenter’s most likely motor act fo ...
... the right of the target. The container was present only when grasp-toplace trials were run. Thus, the presence/absence of the container and the type of target to be grasped (i.e., the small cube/food) acted as contextual cues allowing the monkey to predict the experimenter’s most likely motor act fo ...
lmmunocytochemical Mapping of 18236, A Brain
... sequence, and the amino acid sequence deduced from it corresponds to the carboxy-terminal half of the protein. In “Northern” blotting analyses, 1 B236 mRNA is found to be unequally distributed in the adult rat brain, with an abundarice roughly following a caudalto-rostra1 gradient in macroregional d ...
... sequence, and the amino acid sequence deduced from it corresponds to the carboxy-terminal half of the protein. In “Northern” blotting analyses, 1 B236 mRNA is found to be unequally distributed in the adult rat brain, with an abundarice roughly following a caudalto-rostra1 gradient in macroregional d ...
Ethanol Facilitates Glutamatergic Transmission to Dopamine
... The cellular mechanisms underlying alcohol addiction are poorly understood. In several brain areas, ethanol depresses glutamatergic excitatory transmission, but how it affects excitatory synapses on dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a crucial site for the development of drug addi ...
... The cellular mechanisms underlying alcohol addiction are poorly understood. In several brain areas, ethanol depresses glutamatergic excitatory transmission, but how it affects excitatory synapses on dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a crucial site for the development of drug addi ...
VERA L. TRAINER National Oceanographic and Atmospheric
... 2003-present Committee member, Nick Adams, School of Aquatic & Fishery Science 1996-present Lectured in Aquatic Microbiology class, University of Washington. 1995-present Supervised and trained technicians, work study students and summer interns, ...
... 2003-present Committee member, Nick Adams, School of Aquatic & Fishery Science 1996-present Lectured in Aquatic Microbiology class, University of Washington. 1995-present Supervised and trained technicians, work study students and summer interns, ...
The effect of learning on the face selective responses of neurons in
... Amari 1977; Grossberg 1987). However, most of these studies are theoretical or are performed by computer simulation, and there have been few studies of how in the real nervous system neurons might alter in their relative responsiveness to different stimuli in order to provide across a population of ...
... Amari 1977; Grossberg 1987). However, most of these studies are theoretical or are performed by computer simulation, and there have been few studies of how in the real nervous system neurons might alter in their relative responsiveness to different stimuli in order to provide across a population of ...
Context Dependency in the Globus Pallidus Internal Segment
... was no possibility of reward, suggesting that it was not exclusively the movement, but also the behavioral context that determined the neuronal discharge pattern. While many GPi studies have examined neuronal responses from trial onset through movement completion and reward, few have contrasted neur ...
... was no possibility of reward, suggesting that it was not exclusively the movement, but also the behavioral context that determined the neuronal discharge pattern. While many GPi studies have examined neuronal responses from trial onset through movement completion and reward, few have contrasted neur ...
The Reflex Arc and Reflexes Lab
... (afferent) neuron. The sensory neuron leads into the central nervous system and may communicate with one or more interneurons. Some of these interneurons, in turn, communicate with motor (efferent) neurons, whose axons (nerve fibers) lead outward to effectors. Thus, when a sensory receptor is stimul ...
... (afferent) neuron. The sensory neuron leads into the central nervous system and may communicate with one or more interneurons. Some of these interneurons, in turn, communicate with motor (efferent) neurons, whose axons (nerve fibers) lead outward to effectors. Thus, when a sensory receptor is stimul ...
Adaptation of Firing Rate and Spike
... was defined as the slope of the voltage– current relationship obtained by measuring membrane voltage during the last 10 ms of 100 ms depolarizing current injections from 0 to 200 pA. Cells that fired action potentials throughout the depolarizing steps in the presence of ␣-DTX were not used for measu ...
... was defined as the slope of the voltage– current relationship obtained by measuring membrane voltage during the last 10 ms of 100 ms depolarizing current injections from 0 to 200 pA. Cells that fired action potentials throughout the depolarizing steps in the presence of ␣-DTX were not used for measu ...
Lab 5: Nervous System I
... This is primarily a lecture topic; we will quickly go over this. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to ...
... This is primarily a lecture topic; we will quickly go over this. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the impulse reaches the axon terminals, the information needs to be converted to ...
FROM MOTIVATION TO ACTION - The University of Texas at Dallas
... The subject of the interface between motivation and action--between timbic and motor systems---can be traced back to the classical experiments of Hess (1957). This Swiss neurophysiologist is widely recognized for his fundamental contributions in mapping the central representation of the parasympathe ...
... The subject of the interface between motivation and action--between timbic and motor systems---can be traced back to the classical experiments of Hess (1957). This Swiss neurophysiologist is widely recognized for his fundamental contributions in mapping the central representation of the parasympathe ...
Reduced Levels of Acetylcholine Receptor Expression in Chick
... the AON was ablated in embryos at ED 3.54 (stages 21-23), which precedes the time of synapse formation in the ciliary ganglion (Jacob, 199 1). In early developing chick embryos, the AON is quite accessible since the nucleus lies bilaterally near the surface along the midline region of the dorsal mes ...
... the AON was ablated in embryos at ED 3.54 (stages 21-23), which precedes the time of synapse formation in the ciliary ganglion (Jacob, 199 1). In early developing chick embryos, the AON is quite accessible since the nucleus lies bilaterally near the surface along the midline region of the dorsal mes ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.