Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... integrated and affect the activity of GABAergic inhibitory projection neurons descending from the POA to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) or to the rostral medullary raphe region (rMR). Attenuation of the descending inhibition by cooling or pyrogenic signals leads to disinhibition of thermogenic n ...
... integrated and affect the activity of GABAergic inhibitory projection neurons descending from the POA to the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) or to the rostral medullary raphe region (rMR). Attenuation of the descending inhibition by cooling or pyrogenic signals leads to disinhibition of thermogenic n ...
Retinoids and spinal cord development
... Therefore, it seems that in mammals the correct levels of RA are required for the completion of these complex morphogenetic movements known as neuruJournal of Neurobiology. DOI 10.1002/neu ...
... Therefore, it seems that in mammals the correct levels of RA are required for the completion of these complex morphogenetic movements known as neuruJournal of Neurobiology. DOI 10.1002/neu ...
A STUDY OF PRO- AND ANTI-NOCICEPTIVE FACTORS IN A MODEL... ASSOCIATED VISCERAL PAIN by Jessica Rose Benson
... This thesis examined whether neuroanatomical remodeling of DRG central nerve terminals underlies pro-nociceptive signaling and whether subsets of immune cells source the anti-nociceptive factor, β-endorphin. To examine pro-nociceptive mechanisms, acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse ...
... This thesis examined whether neuroanatomical remodeling of DRG central nerve terminals underlies pro-nociceptive signaling and whether subsets of immune cells source the anti-nociceptive factor, β-endorphin. To examine pro-nociceptive mechanisms, acute and chronic dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse ...
Viewpoint Synaptic Connectivity and Neuronal Morphology: Two
... A shortcoming of the axons-only network is that each axon has to make its way to every cell body. Since all the signals received by a neuron are merged in the cell body, the same functionality can be achieved by a single process reaching out in the direction of axons and meeting them halfway (Chklov ...
... A shortcoming of the axons-only network is that each axon has to make its way to every cell body. Since all the signals received by a neuron are merged in the cell body, the same functionality can be achieved by a single process reaching out in the direction of axons and meeting them halfway (Chklov ...
Chapter 18: Control and Coordination
... Every mental process and physical action of the body is associated with the structures of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Therefore, any injury to the brain or the spinal cord can be serious. A severe blow to the head can bruise the brain and cause temporary or permanent loss of mental a ...
... Every mental process and physical action of the body is associated with the structures of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Therefore, any injury to the brain or the spinal cord can be serious. A severe blow to the head can bruise the brain and cause temporary or permanent loss of mental a ...
Role of the Basal Ganglia in the Control of Purposive - lsr
... (19). This is particularly true for primates, since they have larger brains and consequently heavier heads. Clearly, the orienting response is no longer just a reflex for most vertebrates; it requires integration of multimodal sensory information. This in turn necessitates the presence of a mechanis ...
... (19). This is particularly true for primates, since they have larger brains and consequently heavier heads. Clearly, the orienting response is no longer just a reflex for most vertebrates; it requires integration of multimodal sensory information. This in turn necessitates the presence of a mechanis ...
Slide 1
... Figure 2.3 (continued) The Neural Impulse Action Potential In the graph below, voltage readings are shown at a given place on the neuron over a period of 20 or 30 milliseconds (thousandths of a second). At first the cell is resting; it then reaches threshold and an action potential is triggered. Af ...
... Figure 2.3 (continued) The Neural Impulse Action Potential In the graph below, voltage readings are shown at a given place on the neuron over a period of 20 or 30 milliseconds (thousandths of a second). At first the cell is resting; it then reaches threshold and an action potential is triggered. Af ...
Study Objectives
... 13. Describe the structures of electrical synapses and summarize the main advantage of electrical synapses. 14. Discuss the advantage of neurochemical synapses over electrical synapses. 15. Define postsynaptic potential and differentiate EPSPs from IPSPs. Also indicate what ions may be involved in e ...
... 13. Describe the structures of electrical synapses and summarize the main advantage of electrical synapses. 14. Discuss the advantage of neurochemical synapses over electrical synapses. 15. Define postsynaptic potential and differentiate EPSPs from IPSPs. Also indicate what ions may be involved in e ...
Chunking of Action Sequences in the Cortex
... This report is based on a novel hypothesis about how habitual behaviour is represented and learned in the brain. It originates from the work of Graybiel (1998) and parts of it have been published by Djurfeldt et al. (2001). The traditional picture is that the action is learned initially in cortex, a ...
... This report is based on a novel hypothesis about how habitual behaviour is represented and learned in the brain. It originates from the work of Graybiel (1998) and parts of it have been published by Djurfeldt et al. (2001). The traditional picture is that the action is learned initially in cortex, a ...
Inhibition of central neurons is reduced following acoustic trauma
... is steeper with outer hair cell damage (Ruggero et al., 1997), it has been suggested that recruitment results from a steepened growth of discharge rate with sound level in auditory nerve fibers (Harrison, 1981; Moore, 1995). However, such a change has not been observed following acoustic trauma (Hei ...
... is steeper with outer hair cell damage (Ruggero et al., 1997), it has been suggested that recruitment results from a steepened growth of discharge rate with sound level in auditory nerve fibers (Harrison, 1981; Moore, 1995). However, such a change has not been observed following acoustic trauma (Hei ...
Mirror Neurons in a New World Monkey, Common Marmoset
... The neuronal responses, expressed as the mean firing rate (spikes per second) of multiunit activity, were measured in two different time epochs: Epoch 1 corresponds to a 1-s period centered at the hand-food contact and Epoch 2 corresponds to a 1-s period starting 5 s before the hand-food contact (ba ...
... The neuronal responses, expressed as the mean firing rate (spikes per second) of multiunit activity, were measured in two different time epochs: Epoch 1 corresponds to a 1-s period centered at the hand-food contact and Epoch 2 corresponds to a 1-s period starting 5 s before the hand-food contact (ba ...
Anticipated synchronization in neuronal circuits
... systems coupled in a master-slave configuration when the slave is subject to a negative delayed self-feedback. Many examples of AS dynamics have been found in different systems, however, theoretical and experimental evidence for it in the brain has been lacking. In this thesis work we investigate th ...
... systems coupled in a master-slave configuration when the slave is subject to a negative delayed self-feedback. Many examples of AS dynamics have been found in different systems, however, theoretical and experimental evidence for it in the brain has been lacking. In this thesis work we investigate th ...
Number, Density, and Surface/Cytoplasmic
... His6– GFP fluorescent intensity before and after the gel was polymerized using a fluorometer and found no changes (data not shown). This agrees with a previously published paper that characterized GFP in polyacrylamide gels (Dickson et al., 1997). E xposing the GFP-beads to 4% paraformaldehyde, pH 8 ...
... His6– GFP fluorescent intensity before and after the gel was polymerized using a fluorometer and found no changes (data not shown). This agrees with a previously published paper that characterized GFP in polyacrylamide gels (Dickson et al., 1997). E xposing the GFP-beads to 4% paraformaldehyde, pH 8 ...
extracellular and intracellular signaling for neuronal polarity
... types of proteins and organelles and thus differ in both function and morphology (FIGURE 1). Dendrites are relatively short and thick, and in most excitatory neurons, they possess dendritic spines. Functionally, dendrites receive chemical signals from other neurons through neurotransmitter receptors ...
... types of proteins and organelles and thus differ in both function and morphology (FIGURE 1). Dendrites are relatively short and thick, and in most excitatory neurons, they possess dendritic spines. Functionally, dendrites receive chemical signals from other neurons through neurotransmitter receptors ...
Ethanol Neurotoxicity in the Developing Cerebellum
... homodimer while RXRs also interact with RARs and other nuclear receptors such as the vitamin D receptor. After binding to retinoic acid, these retinoic acid receptors interact with retinoic acid response elements present in the promoter regions of their target genes, and in turn control the gene exp ...
... homodimer while RXRs also interact with RARs and other nuclear receptors such as the vitamin D receptor. After binding to retinoic acid, these retinoic acid receptors interact with retinoic acid response elements present in the promoter regions of their target genes, and in turn control the gene exp ...
Current advances and pressing problems in studies of stopping
... connecting IFC to STN are vanishingly weak in comparison to those connecting STN to caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus [49]. Although some have hypothesized that a common inhibitory mechanism operates in humans and rats [50!!], comparison across species must be made with caution because ...
... connecting IFC to STN are vanishingly weak in comparison to those connecting STN to caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus [49]. Although some have hypothesized that a common inhibitory mechanism operates in humans and rats [50!!], comparison across species must be made with caution because ...
Medical Gross Anatomy - University of Michigan
... autonomic neurons synapse only with postsynaptic autonomic neurons. (There is one exception, in the adrenal gland, which will be discussed later in this module.) The cell bodies of postsynaptic autonomic neurons are located in ganglia throughout the body. Recall that a ganglion is simply a collectio ...
... autonomic neurons synapse only with postsynaptic autonomic neurons. (There is one exception, in the adrenal gland, which will be discussed later in this module.) The cell bodies of postsynaptic autonomic neurons are located in ganglia throughout the body. Recall that a ganglion is simply a collectio ...
Deep Brain Stimulation Does Not Silence Neurons in Subthalamic
... The microelectrode recordings were digitized (15 kHz) and stored (Alpha Omega). Data files were imported into Spike 2 for analysis (CED, Cambridge, UK). Waveforms were sorted to extract activity of a single neuron using automated template-matching followed by cluster analysis. The spike sort during ...
... The microelectrode recordings were digitized (15 kHz) and stored (Alpha Omega). Data files were imported into Spike 2 for analysis (CED, Cambridge, UK). Waveforms were sorted to extract activity of a single neuron using automated template-matching followed by cluster analysis. The spike sort during ...
2/ the biological perspective - College Test bank
... about “the brain.” The cerebrum processes thought, vision, language, memory, and emotions, and is the most recently evolved part of the nervous system. (See Figure 2-8 on text page 55.) The Cerebral Cortex – a thin, convoluted layer of gray matter that covers both hemispheres of the brain, complet ...
... about “the brain.” The cerebrum processes thought, vision, language, memory, and emotions, and is the most recently evolved part of the nervous system. (See Figure 2-8 on text page 55.) The Cerebral Cortex – a thin, convoluted layer of gray matter that covers both hemispheres of the brain, complet ...
Programme - biomed.cas.cz
... 46. Does 14-3-3 Protein Affect Conformation of FoxO4 DNA-Binding Domain? J. ŠILHÁN, E. BOUŘA, P. VÁCHA, P. HERMAN, J. VEČER, T. OBŠIL, Prague 47. Determinants of calmodulin binding site on the C-tail of TRPC6 channel E. FRIEDLOVÁ, L. GRYCOVÁ, Z. LÁNSKÝ, M. ŠULC, J. TEISINGER, Prague 48. ATP binding ...
... 46. Does 14-3-3 Protein Affect Conformation of FoxO4 DNA-Binding Domain? J. ŠILHÁN, E. BOUŘA, P. VÁCHA, P. HERMAN, J. VEČER, T. OBŠIL, Prague 47. Determinants of calmodulin binding site on the C-tail of TRPC6 channel E. FRIEDLOVÁ, L. GRYCOVÁ, Z. LÁNSKÝ, M. ŠULC, J. TEISINGER, Prague 48. ATP binding ...
Estradiol, Substance P, and the PI3K-Akt
... certain conditions the system can produce pathological chronic pain that persists beyond the original injury and becomes maladaptive. Chronic pain can be conceived of as a disease in its own right (International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Declaration, 2001). Chronic pain is a major hea ...
... certain conditions the system can produce pathological chronic pain that persists beyond the original injury and becomes maladaptive. Chronic pain can be conceived of as a disease in its own right (International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Declaration, 2001). Chronic pain is a major hea ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.