2/ the biological perspective - test bank and solution manual for your
... about “the brain.” The cerebrum processes thought, vision, language, memory, and emotions, and is the most recently evolved part of the nervous system. (See Figure 2-8 on text page 55.) The Cerebral Cortex – a thin, convoluted layer of gray matter that covers both hemispheres of the brain, complet ...
... about “the brain.” The cerebrum processes thought, vision, language, memory, and emotions, and is the most recently evolved part of the nervous system. (See Figure 2-8 on text page 55.) The Cerebral Cortex – a thin, convoluted layer of gray matter that covers both hemispheres of the brain, complet ...
Programme - biomed.cas.cz
... 46. Does 14-3-3 Protein Affect Conformation of FoxO4 DNA-Binding Domain? J. ŠILHÁN, E. BOUŘA, P. VÁCHA, P. HERMAN, J. VEČER, T. OBŠIL, Prague 47. Determinants of calmodulin binding site on the C-tail of TRPC6 channel E. FRIEDLOVÁ, L. GRYCOVÁ, Z. LÁNSKÝ, M. ŠULC, J. TEISINGER, Prague 48. ATP binding ...
... 46. Does 14-3-3 Protein Affect Conformation of FoxO4 DNA-Binding Domain? J. ŠILHÁN, E. BOUŘA, P. VÁCHA, P. HERMAN, J. VEČER, T. OBŠIL, Prague 47. Determinants of calmodulin binding site on the C-tail of TRPC6 channel E. FRIEDLOVÁ, L. GRYCOVÁ, Z. LÁNSKÝ, M. ŠULC, J. TEISINGER, Prague 48. ATP binding ...
PDF - Folia Biologica
... were generated indicating enormous phenotypical diversity of cortical interneurons (Kawaguchi and Kubota, 1997; DeFelipe et al. 2002). An important stimulus in research of interneurons was the discovery that these elements express an inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA, and enzymatic systems of glutam ...
... were generated indicating enormous phenotypical diversity of cortical interneurons (Kawaguchi and Kubota, 1997; DeFelipe et al. 2002). An important stimulus in research of interneurons was the discovery that these elements express an inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA, and enzymatic systems of glutam ...
Cilia development, morphogenesis, and
... IFT process is essential for ciliogenesis in every organism examined to date. C. elegans has been particularly useful for studying IFT using in vivo time lapse video microscopy with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged IFT components in combination with powerful genetic tools ...
... IFT process is essential for ciliogenesis in every organism examined to date. C. elegans has been particularly useful for studying IFT using in vivo time lapse video microscopy with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged IFT components in combination with powerful genetic tools ...
A neuronal network model of primary visual cortex explains spatial
... takes one of its two possible values randomly, with 0.5 probability. The sparsity factor introduces randomness and sparsity into the connections between excitatory neurons and all the other neurons. ...
... takes one of its two possible values randomly, with 0.5 probability. The sparsity factor introduces randomness and sparsity into the connections between excitatory neurons and all the other neurons. ...
Neuron Production, Neuron Number, and Structure Size Are
... hypothesized that new neurons are required for making new memories and expected that more new neurons would be recruited into the hippocampus of the chickadee in the fall, when food-storing activity and spatial information processing for food storing begin. Chickadees that had received injections of ...
... hypothesized that new neurons are required for making new memories and expected that more new neurons would be recruited into the hippocampus of the chickadee in the fall, when food-storing activity and spatial information processing for food storing begin. Chickadees that had received injections of ...
THE REGULATION OF SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS BY THE
... Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) are another approach for regulating the activity of specific neuronal circuits in vivo. This method employs modified muscarinic receptors (hM3Dq for excitation, and hM4Di for inhibition) that have lost their affinity for endogenous ...
... Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) are another approach for regulating the activity of specific neuronal circuits in vivo. This method employs modified muscarinic receptors (hM3Dq for excitation, and hM4Di for inhibition) that have lost their affinity for endogenous ...
Spinal motor neurons are regenerated after
... transitions from a motor neuron generating program during early development (up to 48 hours post-fertilisation; Reimer et al., 2013) to generation of oligodendrocytes (Kirby et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2008; Czopka et al., 2013) and eventually to relative quiescence at the adult stage (Reimer et al., ...
... transitions from a motor neuron generating program during early development (up to 48 hours post-fertilisation; Reimer et al., 2013) to generation of oligodendrocytes (Kirby et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2008; Czopka et al., 2013) and eventually to relative quiescence at the adult stage (Reimer et al., ...
Strategies to Overcome Blood-Brain Barrier
... of these transporters. In addition to designing compounds that have the physicochemical properties needed to enable passive diffusion across the BBB, medicinal chemists must also ensure that these compounds are poor substrates for P-gp. Small molecule compounds that are designed to cross the BBB via ...
... of these transporters. In addition to designing compounds that have the physicochemical properties needed to enable passive diffusion across the BBB, medicinal chemists must also ensure that these compounds are poor substrates for P-gp. Small molecule compounds that are designed to cross the BBB via ...
The Spinal Interneurons and Properties of
... This study addresses one main question. How is the primitive vertebrate spinal flexion reflex organized? Although most textbooks of neuroscience show the mammal flexion reflex with two layers of interneurons in the pathway, we know of no case in the vertebrates in which the spinal pathway from a ski ...
... This study addresses one main question. How is the primitive vertebrate spinal flexion reflex organized? Although most textbooks of neuroscience show the mammal flexion reflex with two layers of interneurons in the pathway, we know of no case in the vertebrates in which the spinal pathway from a ski ...
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal and diseased brain
... TNF-α may play a key role in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases including ischemia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), HIV-1–associated dementia (HAD), MS, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and AD (Grazia De Simoni and Imeri, 1998). The modes by which TNF-α production and activity increase are ...
... TNF-α may play a key role in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases including ischemia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), HIV-1–associated dementia (HAD), MS, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and AD (Grazia De Simoni and Imeri, 1998). The modes by which TNF-α production and activity increase are ...
Glia–Neuron Interactions in Nervous System Function
... that alterations in synaptic eYcacy, as manifested by the ability of a postsynaptic cell to respond to a presynaptic cell, are essential for complex phenomena such as learning and memory. A number of recent observations suggest that glia may play an important role in regulating synaptic eYcacy. Such ...
... that alterations in synaptic eYcacy, as manifested by the ability of a postsynaptic cell to respond to a presynaptic cell, are essential for complex phenomena such as learning and memory. A number of recent observations suggest that glia may play an important role in regulating synaptic eYcacy. Such ...
Disruption of experience-dependent synaptic modifications in striate
... to NMDA receptors are blocked with Mg*+ at the resting potential and become effective only upon membrane depolarization (Nowak et al., 1984; Mayer and Westbrook, 1987). Another distinctive feature of the NMDA receptor channel is that it will conduct calcium ions (Dingledine, 1983; MacDermott et al., ...
... to NMDA receptors are blocked with Mg*+ at the resting potential and become effective only upon membrane depolarization (Nowak et al., 1984; Mayer and Westbrook, 1987). Another distinctive feature of the NMDA receptor channel is that it will conduct calcium ions (Dingledine, 1983; MacDermott et al., ...
Phosphorus and proton magnetic resonance
... Parkinson’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder with a very high socioeconomic impact. The clinical symptoms of early stage Parkinson’s disease mainly result from progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and other monoaminergic cell groups i ...
... Parkinson’s disease is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder with a very high socioeconomic impact. The clinical symptoms of early stage Parkinson’s disease mainly result from progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and other monoaminergic cell groups i ...
Labeled lines meet and talk: population coding of somatic sensations
... thermal paradoxes. For example, synthetic heat sensation created by concurrent activation of both cold and warm spots in the skin (thermal grill) can be explained by a blockage of the Aδ-cold fiber input by C-warm fibers, which in turn allows “unmasked” C2 fibers to evoke a burning sensation, as dis ...
... thermal paradoxes. For example, synthetic heat sensation created by concurrent activation of both cold and warm spots in the skin (thermal grill) can be explained by a blockage of the Aδ-cold fiber input by C-warm fibers, which in turn allows “unmasked” C2 fibers to evoke a burning sensation, as dis ...
Chapter 2
... microscopic level nor have the local axons from IC GABAergic neurons (see Section 4.2). Although the inputs to ICC have been identified at the electron microscopic level, their synaptic role in processing auditory information remains an area of intense interest. For example, it is unclear whether th ...
... microscopic level nor have the local axons from IC GABAergic neurons (see Section 4.2). Although the inputs to ICC have been identified at the electron microscopic level, their synaptic role in processing auditory information remains an area of intense interest. For example, it is unclear whether th ...
Optical quantal analysis of synaptic transmission in wild
... We constructed maps of release probability in the NMJs by counting the number of times each pixel participated in response to nerve stimulation (Fig. 4a). These maps showed that transmission occurs in multiple spots within each of the boutons along the axon branch. Some of the spots transmit frequen ...
... We constructed maps of release probability in the NMJs by counting the number of times each pixel participated in response to nerve stimulation (Fig. 4a). These maps showed that transmission occurs in multiple spots within each of the boutons along the axon branch. Some of the spots transmit frequen ...
Burst Firing and Modulation of Functional Connectivity in Cat Striate
... schemes but also in elucidating mechanisms by which these schemes can be decoded. Even though more information could be encoded in random patterns that are measured very precisely, the time constants of pyramidal cortical neurons (e.g., 7.3 { 2.9 ms for dendrites and 16 { 5.3 ms for the soma; means ...
... schemes but also in elucidating mechanisms by which these schemes can be decoded. Even though more information could be encoded in random patterns that are measured very precisely, the time constants of pyramidal cortical neurons (e.g., 7.3 { 2.9 ms for dendrites and 16 { 5.3 ms for the soma; means ...
Introduction to Psychology, 7th Edition, James W. Kalat Chapter 3
... neurons. If a drug were injected into an animal that blocked dopamine from attaching to its receptors, what would happen to the postsynaptic neurons? ...
... neurons. If a drug were injected into an animal that blocked dopamine from attaching to its receptors, what would happen to the postsynaptic neurons? ...
neuro 2009 - addiction education home
... Two groups were selected for this study. An experimental group consisted of 154 patients and further subdivided according to the substance used into three different subgroups: opioid, amphetamine and alcohol groups which included 49, 56 and 49 patients respectively. The control group was selected ma ...
... Two groups were selected for this study. An experimental group consisted of 154 patients and further subdivided according to the substance used into three different subgroups: opioid, amphetamine and alcohol groups which included 49, 56 and 49 patients respectively. The control group was selected ma ...
Mechanisms of Magnetic Stimulation of Central Nervous System
... active properties. Computational experiments using this scheme suggested that TMS affects neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) primarily by somatic stimulation. Since magnetic stimulation appears to cause somatic depolarization, its effects are highly correlated with the neuron’s current thre ...
... active properties. Computational experiments using this scheme suggested that TMS affects neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) primarily by somatic stimulation. Since magnetic stimulation appears to cause somatic depolarization, its effects are highly correlated with the neuron’s current thre ...
The Molecular Biology of Memory Storage: A Dialog
... only think of the use of Drosophila in genetics, of bacteria and bacteriophages in molecular biology, and of the squid giant axon in the study of the conduction of nerve impulses. Nevertheless, when it came to the study of behavior, many investigators were reluctant to use a reductionist strategy. I ...
... only think of the use of Drosophila in genetics, of bacteria and bacteriophages in molecular biology, and of the squid giant axon in the study of the conduction of nerve impulses. Nevertheless, when it came to the study of behavior, many investigators were reluctant to use a reductionist strategy. I ...
"Visual System Development in Vertebrates". In: Encyclopedia of
... The Retina Embryonic origin and morphological development The mature vertebrate retina detects and relays light signals from the external environment to specific regions of the brain. It is derived from the neuroepithelium of the anterior neural tube that bulges laterally (evaginates) soon after neur ...
... The Retina Embryonic origin and morphological development The mature vertebrate retina detects and relays light signals from the external environment to specific regions of the brain. It is derived from the neuroepithelium of the anterior neural tube that bulges laterally (evaginates) soon after neur ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.