Functional Clustering Drives Encoding Improvement in a
... interactions among distant neurons. Blockade of N-methyl-Daspartic-acid type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) blocks spatially graded plasticity, and prevents decoding improvement with training. By comparing decoding in single clusters and groups, we show that increasing network performance arises from ...
... interactions among distant neurons. Blockade of N-methyl-Daspartic-acid type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) blocks spatially graded plasticity, and prevents decoding improvement with training. By comparing decoding in single clusters and groups, we show that increasing network performance arises from ...
Massive Loss of Mid- and Hindbrain Neurons during Embryonic
... present in the nucleus at this age (Fig. 4). The large motor neurons of this nucleus appear indistinguishable in Lc/Lc animals when compared with their Lc/1 and wild-type (not shown) littermates. Furthermore, there was no large difference in neuronal cell number in either the hindbrain or midbrain a ...
... present in the nucleus at this age (Fig. 4). The large motor neurons of this nucleus appear indistinguishable in Lc/Lc animals when compared with their Lc/1 and wild-type (not shown) littermates. Furthermore, there was no large difference in neuronal cell number in either the hindbrain or midbrain a ...
Discovery of a Proneurogenic, Neuroprotective
... Inspirational work led by Fernando Nottebohm has proven that the adult vertebrate brain fosters the birth and functional incorporation of newly formed neurons (Paton and Nottebohm, 1984). Nottebohm’s studies on neuron birth as a prerequisite for avian song learning validated earlier claims of adult ...
... Inspirational work led by Fernando Nottebohm has proven that the adult vertebrate brain fosters the birth and functional incorporation of newly formed neurons (Paton and Nottebohm, 1984). Nottebohm’s studies on neuron birth as a prerequisite for avian song learning validated earlier claims of adult ...
Document
... • Generally small organic molecules • Strongest smells associated with molecules with either high water or lipid solubilities • As few as four odorant molecules can activate receptor ...
... • Generally small organic molecules • Strongest smells associated with molecules with either high water or lipid solubilities • As few as four odorant molecules can activate receptor ...
Uygar Sümbül - Department of Statistics
... BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF MAJOR PROJECTS • Whole cell analysis of synapse distributions (with Prof. Liam Paninski and Prof. Franck Polleux) All excitatory and inhibitory synapses on the dendritic arbors of cortical pyramidal neurons are identified using structural and molecular information. Statistical ...
... BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF MAJOR PROJECTS • Whole cell analysis of synapse distributions (with Prof. Liam Paninski and Prof. Franck Polleux) All excitatory and inhibitory synapses on the dendritic arbors of cortical pyramidal neurons are identified using structural and molecular information. Statistical ...
BDNF-induced local protein synthesis and synaptic
... hnRNPA2 (Muslimov et al., 2011). In a recent study, the guanine (G)-quadruplex structures present in the 30 UTRs of CaMKIIa and PSD95 mRNAs were shown to direct these transcripts into dendrites (Subramanian et al., 2011). Taken together, these results demonstrate that the RNA structure adopted by th ...
... hnRNPA2 (Muslimov et al., 2011). In a recent study, the guanine (G)-quadruplex structures present in the 30 UTRs of CaMKIIa and PSD95 mRNAs were shown to direct these transcripts into dendrites (Subramanian et al., 2011). Taken together, these results demonstrate that the RNA structure adopted by th ...
Structural Correlates of Efficient GABAergic Transmission in the
... DABNi. Postembedding GABA immunostaining (described above) was performed on ultrathin sections, cut from the unstained material. 3D reconstruction and measurements. 3D reconstructions of the bouton membranes, the synapses, puncta adherentia (PA), and the glial sheaths covering the terminals, and in ...
... DABNi. Postembedding GABA immunostaining (described above) was performed on ultrathin sections, cut from the unstained material. 3D reconstruction and measurements. 3D reconstructions of the bouton membranes, the synapses, puncta adherentia (PA), and the glial sheaths covering the terminals, and in ...
The human brain in numbers: a linearly scaled-up
... exceed humans in body size, their brains amount to only about one-third of the size of the human brain. There are, however, several problems with the notion that the explanation for the superior cognitive abilities of the human species lies in its large EQ. For one, it is not obvious how largerthan- ...
... exceed humans in body size, their brains amount to only about one-third of the size of the human brain. There are, however, several problems with the notion that the explanation for the superior cognitive abilities of the human species lies in its large EQ. For one, it is not obvious how largerthan- ...
Preferential Termination of Corticorubral Axons on Spine
... To estimate the length of SLDPs, their outlines were traced from electron micrographs of serial sections onto sheets of semitransparent paper, which were then superimposed to obtain a two-dimensional projection of the dendritic protrusions. The distance from the dendritic shaft to the ending of the ...
... To estimate the length of SLDPs, their outlines were traced from electron micrographs of serial sections onto sheets of semitransparent paper, which were then superimposed to obtain a two-dimensional projection of the dendritic protrusions. The distance from the dendritic shaft to the ending of the ...
Fast Propagation of Firing Rates through Layered Networks of Noisy
... schemes that require preservation of precise spike timing. On the other hand, weaker responses in the input layer fail to propagate; the packet dies out. The response in the deeper layers is thus all-or-none, as can be observed from the layer 5 and layer 10 response in Figure 1b. A very different mo ...
... schemes that require preservation of precise spike timing. On the other hand, weaker responses in the input layer fail to propagate; the packet dies out. The response in the deeper layers is thus all-or-none, as can be observed from the layer 5 and layer 10 response in Figure 1b. A very different mo ...
The Roles of Dopamine - ETH E
... because they are the most studied, and because they are thought to be involved in diseases such as Tourette’s syndrome, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, drug addiction or depression (see DISEASE: NEURAL NETWORK MODELS and (Tzschentke, 2001)). These centers are also involved ...
... because they are the most studied, and because they are thought to be involved in diseases such as Tourette’s syndrome, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, drug addiction or depression (see DISEASE: NEURAL NETWORK MODELS and (Tzschentke, 2001)). These centers are also involved ...
Oxytocin Influence on the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
... NTS neurons and heterogeneous innervation by oxytocin-containing axons projecting from the paraventricular nucleus. The study includes a brief, but interesting, discussion of how innervation of the NTS by oxytocin-synthesizing paraventricular nucleus neurons may modulate homeostatic reflexes; we pro ...
... NTS neurons and heterogeneous innervation by oxytocin-containing axons projecting from the paraventricular nucleus. The study includes a brief, but interesting, discussion of how innervation of the NTS by oxytocin-synthesizing paraventricular nucleus neurons may modulate homeostatic reflexes; we pro ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... et al., 2011). Recently, it has become evident that L5 PT and IT neurons within rodent PFC possess distinct intrinsic properties, local connectivity, and long-range inputs. Although most of these differences have been characterized in rodents, different categories of PFC pyramidal neurons are also p ...
... et al., 2011). Recently, it has become evident that L5 PT and IT neurons within rodent PFC possess distinct intrinsic properties, local connectivity, and long-range inputs. Although most of these differences have been characterized in rodents, different categories of PFC pyramidal neurons are also p ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
... 1 M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 M). ...
... 1 M ACh evoked a membrane depolarization of 3.2 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, left) and 100 M ACh evoked a depolarization of 8.8 ⫾ 0.6 mV (n ⫽ 6; Fig. 3A, right). We then studied the pharmacology of the nicotine receptors in POMC neurons. The experiments were conducted in the presence of TTX (0.5 M). ...
C6.4 PPT - Destiny High School
... • Neurons have one behavior property in common with muscles: Irritability – the ability to respond to a stimulus. • However, neurons have an aspect of irritability that muscles DO NOT have: converting stimuli into nerve impulses. • Nerve impulse = a tiny electrical charge that transmits information ...
... • Neurons have one behavior property in common with muscles: Irritability – the ability to respond to a stimulus. • However, neurons have an aspect of irritability that muscles DO NOT have: converting stimuli into nerve impulses. • Nerve impulse = a tiny electrical charge that transmits information ...
Amyloid Precursor Protein in Cortical Neurons: Coexistence of Two
... and in a developing central pathway its synthesisand axonal transport coincide with axon elongation and synaptogenesis (Moya et al., 1994). In the mature nervous system,the protein has beenlocalized to both peripheral and central synaptic sites (Schubert et al., 1991). Studies using neuronal cell li ...
... and in a developing central pathway its synthesisand axonal transport coincide with axon elongation and synaptogenesis (Moya et al., 1994). In the mature nervous system,the protein has beenlocalized to both peripheral and central synaptic sites (Schubert et al., 1991). Studies using neuronal cell li ...
A behavioral switch: cGMP and PKC signaling in olfactory neurons
... accounts for the loss of attraction after conditioning, the cellular mechanism of avoidance is less clear. One possibility is that ASER itself can direct attraction or repulsion depending on prior sensory experience (Tomioka et al., 2006). Alternatively, other sensory neurons may drive avoidance of ...
... accounts for the loss of attraction after conditioning, the cellular mechanism of avoidance is less clear. One possibility is that ASER itself can direct attraction or repulsion depending on prior sensory experience (Tomioka et al., 2006). Alternatively, other sensory neurons may drive avoidance of ...
Confidence-Related Decision Making
... together with finite-size effects produce the stochastic dynamics of the network and the probabilistic decision making, as described in more detail elsewhere (Deco and Marti 2007; Deco et al. 2009; Marti et al. 2008; Rolls and Deco 2010). The two selective pools of the decision-making network are DA ...
... together with finite-size effects produce the stochastic dynamics of the network and the probabilistic decision making, as described in more detail elsewhere (Deco and Marti 2007; Deco et al. 2009; Marti et al. 2008; Rolls and Deco 2010). The two selective pools of the decision-making network are DA ...
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by
... were conducted at −60 mV. The average frequency of sEPSCs was 3.5 ± 0.7 Hz (range from 0.7 to 6.5 Hz, n = 8). After bath application of 100 µM resveratrol the frequency of sEPSCs significantly increased to 4.2 ± 0.8 Hz (range from 0.8 to 8.2 Hz, n = 8, p < 0.05) (Figures 1A–C). The average amplitude ...
... were conducted at −60 mV. The average frequency of sEPSCs was 3.5 ± 0.7 Hz (range from 0.7 to 6.5 Hz, n = 8). After bath application of 100 µM resveratrol the frequency of sEPSCs significantly increased to 4.2 ± 0.8 Hz (range from 0.8 to 8.2 Hz, n = 8, p < 0.05) (Figures 1A–C). The average amplitude ...
ACTIN CYTOSKELETON REGULATION IN NEURONAL
... environment. Axons and dendrites are both functionally and morphologically distinct. Axons often travel long distances, making stereotypical turning decisions along their paths. Upon reaching their targets, axons produce terminal branches, and their growth cones are converted into presynaptic termin ...
... environment. Axons and dendrites are both functionally and morphologically distinct. Axons often travel long distances, making stereotypical turning decisions along their paths. Upon reaching their targets, axons produce terminal branches, and their growth cones are converted into presynaptic termin ...
REVIEWS - Institute for Applied Psychometrics
... a large set of behavioural and physiological results, its relevance to the brain mechanisms that are involved in interval timing is unclear. For example, the idea that there is a direct and/or exclusive connection between the dopaminergic system and the speed of an internal clock has been challenged ...
... a large set of behavioural and physiological results, its relevance to the brain mechanisms that are involved in interval timing is unclear. For example, the idea that there is a direct and/or exclusive connection between the dopaminergic system and the speed of an internal clock has been challenged ...
The Olfactory Sensory Map in Drosophila
... neurons innervating a given sensillum. Trichoid sensilla are named T1, T2 and T3 and contain one, two, or three OSNs, respectively. Most basiconic sensilla house two neurons, although there are several cases of four neurons per basiconic sensillum.29,33,36 Coeloconic sensilla typically have two or t ...
... neurons innervating a given sensillum. Trichoid sensilla are named T1, T2 and T3 and contain one, two, or three OSNs, respectively. Most basiconic sensilla house two neurons, although there are several cases of four neurons per basiconic sensillum.29,33,36 Coeloconic sensilla typically have two or t ...
New Roles for the External Globus Pallidus in Basal Ganglia Circuits
... PV-GPe neurons have narrower action potentials, higher maximum firing rates, and higher baseline firing rates than Lhx6-GPe neurons (Mastro et al., 2014). Second, optogenetic activation of Lhx6- and PV-GPe neurons produces different effects on behavior. Interestingly, the effects of activating these ...
... PV-GPe neurons have narrower action potentials, higher maximum firing rates, and higher baseline firing rates than Lhx6-GPe neurons (Mastro et al., 2014). Second, optogenetic activation of Lhx6- and PV-GPe neurons produces different effects on behavior. Interestingly, the effects of activating these ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.