14132.full - Explore Bristol Research
... series of experiments, on H-reflex and cerebellar field potential amplitudes (see detailed methods below). Experimental protocol of descending modulation of spino-olivary neuronal activity. A pneumatic pincher was used to deliver mechanical stimuli (15 s duration; innocuous 0.5 N and/or noxious 3.6 ...
... series of experiments, on H-reflex and cerebellar field potential amplitudes (see detailed methods below). Experimental protocol of descending modulation of spino-olivary neuronal activity. A pneumatic pincher was used to deliver mechanical stimuli (15 s duration; innocuous 0.5 N and/or noxious 3.6 ...
PARK9-Associated ATP13A2 Localizes to Intracellular
... ATP13A2 mutations in order to confirm dopaminergic neuronal loss. To directly explore the impact of ATP13A2 loss-of-function on the viability and integrity of dopaminergic neurons, we employed mir-30adapted short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs to silence the expression of endogenous ATP13A2. To vali ...
... ATP13A2 mutations in order to confirm dopaminergic neuronal loss. To directly explore the impact of ATP13A2 loss-of-function on the viability and integrity of dopaminergic neurons, we employed mir-30adapted short hairpin RNA (shRNA) constructs to silence the expression of endogenous ATP13A2. To vali ...
Hypocretin-2-Saporin Lesions of the Lateral Hypothalamus Produce
... Hypocretins (Hcrts) are recently discovered peptides linked to the human sleep disorder narcolepsy. Humans with narcolepsy have decreased numbers of Hcrt neurons and Hcrt-null mice also have narcoleptic symptoms. Hcrt neurons are located only in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) but neither electrolytic ...
... Hypocretins (Hcrts) are recently discovered peptides linked to the human sleep disorder narcolepsy. Humans with narcolepsy have decreased numbers of Hcrt neurons and Hcrt-null mice also have narcoleptic symptoms. Hcrt neurons are located only in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) but neither electrolytic ...
Inan et al., 2006
... layer IV) on a vibratome (VT1000S; Leica) into 50-m-thick tangential sections. Sections were then mounted and dried for 1 d on a slide warmer at 37°C. Slides were dehydrated and rehydrated in graded alcohol, then fixed in 10% formalin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and stained with 0.2% cresyl violet solut ...
... layer IV) on a vibratome (VT1000S; Leica) into 50-m-thick tangential sections. Sections were then mounted and dried for 1 d on a slide warmer at 37°C. Slides were dehydrated and rehydrated in graded alcohol, then fixed in 10% formalin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and stained with 0.2% cresyl violet solut ...
Applying Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation to the Study of Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity in Neural Networks
... It has been seen clinically that tACS applied at the resting frequency of a neural system causes an increase in synaptic weights and synchrony between the neurons: an effect that remains for approximately an hour after tACS ceases [1]. If the effects of tACS could be made to be semi-permanent it has ...
... It has been seen clinically that tACS applied at the resting frequency of a neural system causes an increase in synaptic weights and synchrony between the neurons: an effect that remains for approximately an hour after tACS ceases [1]. If the effects of tACS could be made to be semi-permanent it has ...
Leech Heart CPG
... Due to their reciprocally inhibitory synapses the pair of HN(3) neurons can produce oscillations (Fig 4, B). This is the smallest group of cells that can produce oscillations and hence are called the elemental oscillator (Fig 4, C). The HN(4) neurons are also considered as an elemental or half-cente ...
... Due to their reciprocally inhibitory synapses the pair of HN(3) neurons can produce oscillations (Fig 4, B). This is the smallest group of cells that can produce oscillations and hence are called the elemental oscillator (Fig 4, C). The HN(4) neurons are also considered as an elemental or half-cente ...
Axonal conduction properties of antidromically identified neurons in
... Physiological studies of the rodent somatosensory cortex have consistently described considerable heterogeneity in receptive field properties of neurons outside of layer IV, particularly those in layers V and VI. One such approach for distinguishing among different local circuits in these layers may ...
... Physiological studies of the rodent somatosensory cortex have consistently described considerable heterogeneity in receptive field properties of neurons outside of layer IV, particularly those in layers V and VI. One such approach for distinguishing among different local circuits in these layers may ...
`off` responses in cat visual cortical receptive fields
... 1. A supervised learning procedure was applied to individual cat area 17 neurons to test the possible role of neuronal co-activity in controlling the plasticity of the spatial ‘on—off’ organization of visual cortical receptive fields (RFs). 2. Differential pairing between visual input evoked in a fi ...
... 1. A supervised learning procedure was applied to individual cat area 17 neurons to test the possible role of neuronal co-activity in controlling the plasticity of the spatial ‘on—off’ organization of visual cortical receptive fields (RFs). 2. Differential pairing between visual input evoked in a fi ...
Åpne - Munin
... accumulate in the environment and evidence suggests that most people have varying degrees of toxic compounds within their body. This can result in disruption of many physiological processes in the human body and the development of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer’s ...
... accumulate in the environment and evidence suggests that most people have varying degrees of toxic compounds within their body. This can result in disruption of many physiological processes in the human body and the development of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer’s ...
A dedicated circuit links direction-selective retinal
... mapping7,8 and functional imaging of visually driven calcium signals in thalamocortical axons. This circuit pools information from several types of DSGCs, converges in a specialized subdivision of the dLGN, and delivers direction-tuned and orientation-tuned signals to superficial V1. Notably, this c ...
... mapping7,8 and functional imaging of visually driven calcium signals in thalamocortical axons. This circuit pools information from several types of DSGCs, converges in a specialized subdivision of the dLGN, and delivers direction-tuned and orientation-tuned signals to superficial V1. Notably, this c ...
Basal Ganglia Outputs Map Instantaneous Position Coordinates
... the reference signals to downstream position control systems, the BG can produce transitions in body configurations and initiate actions. Key words: basal ganglia; GABA; Parkinson’s disease; substantia nigra ...
... the reference signals to downstream position control systems, the BG can produce transitions in body configurations and initiate actions. Key words: basal ganglia; GABA; Parkinson’s disease; substantia nigra ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Reduces Amyloidogenic
... constituent of senile plaques (Andersen et al., 2005; Schmidt et al., 2007). Consequently, overexpression of SORLA in cultured cells results in reduced processing of APP into A (Andersen et al., 2005; Offe et al., 2006). In contrast, disruption of the receptor gene in mouse models of AD significant ...
... constituent of senile plaques (Andersen et al., 2005; Schmidt et al., 2007). Consequently, overexpression of SORLA in cultured cells results in reduced processing of APP into A (Andersen et al., 2005; Offe et al., 2006). In contrast, disruption of the receptor gene in mouse models of AD significant ...
NETMORPH: A Framework for the Stochastic
... is that the branching process of a real growth cone proceeds over a certain period of time, while it is treated in the model as a point process in time. To account for this observation, it is assumed in the model that the daughter branches already appear with a certain initial length (see also Van P ...
... is that the branching process of a real growth cone proceeds over a certain period of time, while it is treated in the model as a point process in time. To account for this observation, it is assumed in the model that the daughter branches already appear with a certain initial length (see also Van P ...
world-of-psychology-7th-edition-wood-test-bank
... a) a chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that is released into the synapse. Correct. Neurotransmitters are chemicals. b) any one of a number of chemical compounds that increase the activity of the endocrine system. c) the chemical substance found in the cell membrane. Incorrect. The neurotransmi ...
... a) a chemical found in the synaptic vesicles that is released into the synapse. Correct. Neurotransmitters are chemicals. b) any one of a number of chemical compounds that increase the activity of the endocrine system. c) the chemical substance found in the cell membrane. Incorrect. The neurotransmi ...
Electrical Synapses in the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... the TRN. The intrinsic firing properties of TRN cells in both mice and rats were similar to previous descriptions (Steriade et al., 1997). The input resistance of the TRN neurons in rats was 166 ⫾ 54 M⍀ (all reported data are means ⫾ SD), and the time constant was 13.1 ⫾ 3.7 msec (n ⫽ 45). The prope ...
... the TRN. The intrinsic firing properties of TRN cells in both mice and rats were similar to previous descriptions (Steriade et al., 1997). The input resistance of the TRN neurons in rats was 166 ⫾ 54 M⍀ (all reported data are means ⫾ SD), and the time constant was 13.1 ⫾ 3.7 msec (n ⫽ 45). The prope ...
Stereotyped connectivity and computations in higher
... Most individual odor stimuli activate multiple odorant receptors and thus multiple types of olfactory receptor neurons. All the olfactory receptor neurons that express the same odorant receptor project to the same glomerulus in the brain, and so most individual stimuli are encoded by the combined ac ...
... Most individual odor stimuli activate multiple odorant receptors and thus multiple types of olfactory receptor neurons. All the olfactory receptor neurons that express the same odorant receptor project to the same glomerulus in the brain, and so most individual stimuli are encoded by the combined ac ...
Chapter 8 The Nervous System
... Dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord Axons leave the spinal cord in the anterior roots of spinal nerves, extend to sympathetic or collateral ganglia, and synapse with several postgan ...
... Dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord Axons leave the spinal cord in the anterior roots of spinal nerves, extend to sympathetic or collateral ganglia, and synapse with several postgan ...
neurocircuitry of addiction
... The circuit shown in Fig. 95.2 contains interconnections among mesencephalic dopamine, cortical glutamate, and subcortical (basal ganglia) GABA neurons that can permit the transition from dopamine- to glutamate-dependent behaviors. This circuit has been a focus for research aimed at determining how ...
... The circuit shown in Fig. 95.2 contains interconnections among mesencephalic dopamine, cortical glutamate, and subcortical (basal ganglia) GABA neurons that can permit the transition from dopamine- to glutamate-dependent behaviors. This circuit has been a focus for research aimed at determining how ...
doc PHGY311
... Hormones can signal the hypothalamus to either inhibit or stimulate hypophysiotropic hormone release. This control mechanism of negative (or positive) feedback regulation, discussed in detail in Chapter 1, consists of the ability of a hormone to regulate its own cascade of release (Figure 1–11). For ...
... Hormones can signal the hypothalamus to either inhibit or stimulate hypophysiotropic hormone release. This control mechanism of negative (or positive) feedback regulation, discussed in detail in Chapter 1, consists of the ability of a hormone to regulate its own cascade of release (Figure 1–11). For ...
Identified nerve cells and insect behavior
... Studies of insect identified neurons over the past 25 years have provided some of the very best data on sensorimotor integration; tracing information flow from sensory to motor networks. General principles have emerged that have increased the sophistication with which we now understand both sensory ...
... Studies of insect identified neurons over the past 25 years have provided some of the very best data on sensorimotor integration; tracing information flow from sensory to motor networks. General principles have emerged that have increased the sophistication with which we now understand both sensory ...
Structural and functional architecture of respiratory networks in the
... particular the respiratory CPG, including the mechanisms underlying the circuit dynamic reconfiguration under different conditions represents a central and challenging problem in neuroscience. Indeed, breathing is a dynamically mutable motor behaviour that not only performs a vital homeostatic funct ...
... particular the respiratory CPG, including the mechanisms underlying the circuit dynamic reconfiguration under different conditions represents a central and challenging problem in neuroscience. Indeed, breathing is a dynamically mutable motor behaviour that not only performs a vital homeostatic funct ...
Sample
... b) an electrical current initiated in the cell body which flows the length of the axon c) the opening of ion channels, promoting a negative charge within the axonal membrane Incorrect. The opening of ion channels promotes a positive internal charge, not a negative one. d) the transmission of neurona ...
... b) an electrical current initiated in the cell body which flows the length of the axon c) the opening of ion channels, promoting a negative charge within the axonal membrane Incorrect. The opening of ion channels promotes a positive internal charge, not a negative one. d) the transmission of neurona ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.