Tau pathology does not affect experience-driven single
... by tau pathology in any of the brain regions, including brain areas with the highest tangle load. Our findings suggest that intraneuronal NFTs do not affect signaling cascades leading to experience-dependent gene expression required for long-term synaptic plasticity. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, T ...
... by tau pathology in any of the brain regions, including brain areas with the highest tangle load. Our findings suggest that intraneuronal NFTs do not affect signaling cascades leading to experience-dependent gene expression required for long-term synaptic plasticity. Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, T ...
Spike-Wave Complexes and Fast Components of Cortically
... when the previously quasi-independent fast oscillators coalesced their rhythms. Spike-triggered averages (STA), using the action potentials of the intracellularly recorded neuron, demonstrated that the area 4 neuron discharged in close time relation with one, but not the other, neuronal pool before ...
... when the previously quasi-independent fast oscillators coalesced their rhythms. Spike-triggered averages (STA), using the action potentials of the intracellularly recorded neuron, demonstrated that the area 4 neuron discharged in close time relation with one, but not the other, neuronal pool before ...
Shootin1 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... Andersen and Bi, 2000; Banker, 2003). A locally acting positive feedback loop may amplify a small stochastic increase in signals until it exceeds a threshold to induce an axon, and negative regulation may also be important to prevent the formation of surplus axons. However, little is known about the ...
... Andersen and Bi, 2000; Banker, 2003). A locally acting positive feedback loop may amplify a small stochastic increase in signals until it exceeds a threshold to induce an axon, and negative regulation may also be important to prevent the formation of surplus axons. However, little is known about the ...
Circuit Architecture of VTA Dopamine Neurons Revealed by
... information about a VTA-DA neuron’s inputs with its projection targets. Although such input-output relationships can be established in ultrastructural studies (e.g., Carr and Sesack, 2000), the methods involved are labor intensive and thus cannot practically be scaled up to elucidate whole-brain inp ...
... information about a VTA-DA neuron’s inputs with its projection targets. Although such input-output relationships can be established in ultrastructural studies (e.g., Carr and Sesack, 2000), the methods involved are labor intensive and thus cannot practically be scaled up to elucidate whole-brain inp ...
Chapter 7
... inactivate. K channels open, and K rushes out; interior of cell more negative than outside. ...
... inactivate. K channels open, and K rushes out; interior of cell more negative than outside. ...
Axon Initiation and Growth Cone Turning on Bound Protein Gradients Cellular/Molecular Junyu Mai,
... Extracellular gradients of secreted guidance factors are known to guide axon pathfinding and neuronal migration. These factors are likely to bind to cell surfaces or extracellular matrix, but whether and how they may act in bound gradients remains mostly unclear. In this study, we have developed a n ...
... Extracellular gradients of secreted guidance factors are known to guide axon pathfinding and neuronal migration. These factors are likely to bind to cell surfaces or extracellular matrix, but whether and how they may act in bound gradients remains mostly unclear. In this study, we have developed a n ...
Direction of action is represented in the ventral premotor cortex
... location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how these transformations are implemented in the central nervous system ...
... location of a target, specified in an external coordinate frame, into a set of muscle activation patterns, specified in an intrinsic coordinate frame. Insight into the sensorimotor transformations involved in this process1,2 and how these transformations are implemented in the central nervous system ...
- Wiley Online Library
... These studies separate axonal degeneration from neuronal cell death and indicate that axonal degeneration is the leading cause of the disease. Finally, axonal degeneration also occurs during normal development of the nervous system when neurons lose some of their branches in a process known as ‘prun ...
... These studies separate axonal degeneration from neuronal cell death and indicate that axonal degeneration is the leading cause of the disease. Finally, axonal degeneration also occurs during normal development of the nervous system when neurons lose some of their branches in a process known as ‘prun ...
Dopamine: the rewarding years
... not act in isolation, but exist in a complex that includes regulatory and scaffolding molecules, which in turn could offer novel drug targets, but more importantly may hold the key to understanding how environmental factors produce long-term or irreversible effects on neurotransmission. As already m ...
... not act in isolation, but exist in a complex that includes regulatory and scaffolding molecules, which in turn could offer novel drug targets, but more importantly may hold the key to understanding how environmental factors produce long-term or irreversible effects on neurotransmission. As already m ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... was considered that a background of maintained activity within this ascending brain stem activating system may account for wakefulness, while reduction of its activity either naturally, by barbiturates or by experimental injury and disease, may respectively precipitate normal sleep, contribute to an ...
... was considered that a background of maintained activity within this ascending brain stem activating system may account for wakefulness, while reduction of its activity either naturally, by barbiturates or by experimental injury and disease, may respectively precipitate normal sleep, contribute to an ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
Cable and Compartmental Models of Dendritic Trees
... Synapses are not randomly distributed over the dendritic surface. In general, inhibitory synapses are more proximal than excitatory synapses, although they are also present at distal dendritic regions and, when present, on some spines in conjunction with an excitatory input. In many systems (e.g., p ...
... Synapses are not randomly distributed over the dendritic surface. In general, inhibitory synapses are more proximal than excitatory synapses, although they are also present at distal dendritic regions and, when present, on some spines in conjunction with an excitatory input. In many systems (e.g., p ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
... returned to baseline in tens of milliseconds. Tastant-responsive neurons were broadly tuned and responded to increasing tastant concentrations by either increasing or decreasing their firing rates. In addition, some responses were only evoked at intermediate tastant concentrations. In summary, these ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... In contrast, expert mice protracted their whiskers through a large angle to search for the pole soon after it became available (within approximately 350 ms) (auditory cue, Fig. 1d, e)27. The repeatability of whisking across trials (Pearson’s correlation coefficient; r 5 0.57, P , 0.001) (Supplementa ...
... In contrast, expert mice protracted their whiskers through a large angle to search for the pole soon after it became available (within approximately 350 ms) (auditory cue, Fig. 1d, e)27. The repeatability of whisking across trials (Pearson’s correlation coefficient; r 5 0.57, P , 0.001) (Supplementa ...
Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and
... activity, and respiratory activity. Furthermore, c-Fos expression occurs only after sustained stimulation of neurons and so this method cannot be used to identify cell populations activated by brief alerting stimuli. Nevertheless, even though many questions remain unanswered, recent studies have pro ...
... activity, and respiratory activity. Furthermore, c-Fos expression occurs only after sustained stimulation of neurons and so this method cannot be used to identify cell populations activated by brief alerting stimuli. Nevertheless, even though many questions remain unanswered, recent studies have pro ...
Dorsal spinal cord stimulation obtunds the capacity of intrathoracic
... This ganglion was explored with the electrode tip placed from its ventral surface to its underlying regions such that the activity generated by neurons in various loci within that ganglion could be identified. Action potentials generated by the somata and/or dendrites of individual neurons can be re ...
... This ganglion was explored with the electrode tip placed from its ventral surface to its underlying regions such that the activity generated by neurons in various loci within that ganglion could be identified. Action potentials generated by the somata and/or dendrites of individual neurons can be re ...
Topographic Organization of Sensory Projection to the Olfactory Bulb
... probe detecting the glutamate receptor subunit GluRl, which identifies the bulbar neurons including the periglomerular, mitral, and granule ceils (Figure 2D; Hollmann et al., 1989; Keinanen et al., 1990; Nakanishi et al., 1990). These data suggest that the OMP mRNA detected is not derived from bulba ...
... probe detecting the glutamate receptor subunit GluRl, which identifies the bulbar neurons including the periglomerular, mitral, and granule ceils (Figure 2D; Hollmann et al., 1989; Keinanen et al., 1990; Nakanishi et al., 1990). These data suggest that the OMP mRNA detected is not derived from bulba ...
Get PDF - IOS Press
... expression in the multiple brain regions, specifically in the hippocampus. On the other hand, blocking BDNF signaling attenuates the exercise-induced improvement of spatial learning tasks [16], as well as the exercise-induced expression of synaptic proteins [17]. Animal studies have also demonstrate ...
... expression in the multiple brain regions, specifically in the hippocampus. On the other hand, blocking BDNF signaling attenuates the exercise-induced improvement of spatial learning tasks [16], as well as the exercise-induced expression of synaptic proteins [17]. Animal studies have also demonstrate ...
Sten Grillner
... intact animals or the need to use animals under anesthesia. We then could show that subthreshold activation of MLR indeed released reflex discharges similar to that of DOPA and a suppression of other shortlatency responses. We then suggested that the MLR indeed caused locomotion by releasing the spi ...
... intact animals or the need to use animals under anesthesia. We then could show that subthreshold activation of MLR indeed released reflex discharges similar to that of DOPA and a suppression of other shortlatency responses. We then suggested that the MLR indeed caused locomotion by releasing the spi ...
Evidence for a distributed hierarchy of action
... a child imitates another person performing a behavior such as grasping the ear on the same or opposite side of the acting hand, the child tends to copy the goal (the ear being grasped) rather than subgoals (the hand doing the grasping). In this model, interactions with objects and associated outcome ...
... a child imitates another person performing a behavior such as grasping the ear on the same or opposite side of the acting hand, the child tends to copy the goal (the ear being grasped) rather than subgoals (the hand doing the grasping). In this model, interactions with objects and associated outcome ...
Centrosome Motility Is Essential for Initial Axon Formation in the Neocortex
... process important for the correct formation of neuronal circuits. The development of axons and dendrites in vitro appears to depend on an intrinsic polarity regulated by the cytoskeleton as well as the segregation of proteins, lipids, and polarity proteins (Wiggin et al., 2005; Arimura and Kaibuchi, ...
... process important for the correct formation of neuronal circuits. The development of axons and dendrites in vitro appears to depend on an intrinsic polarity regulated by the cytoskeleton as well as the segregation of proteins, lipids, and polarity proteins (Wiggin et al., 2005; Arimura and Kaibuchi, ...
Neuropathological Alterations in Alzheimer Disease
... areas of the brain. Some degree of CAA, usually mild, is present in 80% of AD patients. If severe, CAA can weaken the vessel wall and cause life-threatening lobar hemorrhages. Amyloid b: a 40 or 42 amino acid peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) after its sequential cleavage by b- a ...
... areas of the brain. Some degree of CAA, usually mild, is present in 80% of AD patients. If severe, CAA can weaken the vessel wall and cause life-threatening lobar hemorrhages. Amyloid b: a 40 or 42 amino acid peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) after its sequential cleavage by b- a ...
Intelligent agents capable of developing memory of their environment
... Parisi and Nolfi argued that, if neural networks are viewed in the biological context of artificial life, they should be accompanied by genotypes which are part of a population and inherited from parents to offspring [Parisi, 1997], [Parisi and Nolfi, 2001]. In their work they used a growing encodin ...
... Parisi and Nolfi argued that, if neural networks are viewed in the biological context of artificial life, they should be accompanied by genotypes which are part of a population and inherited from parents to offspring [Parisi, 1997], [Parisi and Nolfi, 2001]. In their work they used a growing encodin ...
Molecular neuroscience
Molecular neuroscience is a branch of neuroscience that observes concepts in molecular biology applied to the nervous systems of animals. The scope of this subject primarily pertains to a reductionist view of neuroscience, considering topics such as molecular neuroanatomy, mechanisms of molecular signaling in the nervous system, the effects of genetics on neuronal development, and the molecular basis for neuroplasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. As with molecular biology, molecular neuroscience is a relatively new field that is considerably dynamic.