Resonate-and-fire neurons
... coef®cient, d is the Dirac delta function, and tjp is the nearest moment of ®ring of the j-th neuron. We see that each ®ring produces a pulse that displaces activities of the other neurons by the complex-valued constant cij (we use real cij in our illustrations here; complex cij are also feasible). ...
... coef®cient, d is the Dirac delta function, and tjp is the nearest moment of ®ring of the j-th neuron. We see that each ®ring produces a pulse that displaces activities of the other neurons by the complex-valued constant cij (we use real cij in our illustrations here; complex cij are also feasible). ...
doc Lecuter and chapter notes
... the longer asymmetrical division lasts, the farther new neuronal cells have to travel, meaning the process gets exponentially slower once developing neurons reach their designated location, they begin to form connections with surrounding cells, determining which cells they connect to based on the ch ...
... the longer asymmetrical division lasts, the farther new neuronal cells have to travel, meaning the process gets exponentially slower once developing neurons reach their designated location, they begin to form connections with surrounding cells, determining which cells they connect to based on the ch ...
Sensory Afferent Neurotransmission in Caudal Nucleus Tractus
... channels in NTS is also present at the peripheral soma, but absent from the baroreceptor sensory endings. Many peptides are associated with these sensory neurons and several modulate glutamatergic transmission in mNTS. Angiotensin II facilitates excitatory responses to sensory afferent activation by ...
... channels in NTS is also present at the peripheral soma, but absent from the baroreceptor sensory endings. Many peptides are associated with these sensory neurons and several modulate glutamatergic transmission in mNTS. Angiotensin II facilitates excitatory responses to sensory afferent activation by ...
The Interoceptive, or Visceral, Sensations
... peritoneum is sensitive, especially to distention, but the visceral peritoneum is probably not sensitive. Visceral pain is often vaguely localized or diffuse and likely to be described by the patient as deep-seated. In addition to the pain experienced in the viscus itself, there may be pain referred ...
... peritoneum is sensitive, especially to distention, but the visceral peritoneum is probably not sensitive. Visceral pain is often vaguely localized or diffuse and likely to be described by the patient as deep-seated. In addition to the pain experienced in the viscus itself, there may be pain referred ...
Review Energy limitation as a selective pressure on the evolution of
... determined measures of energy consumption from whole retinas of rabbits and flies with intracellular measurements of energy consumption from single fly photoreceptors and recently constructed energy budgets for neural processing in rats to assess the contributions of various components to neuronal e ...
... determined measures of energy consumption from whole retinas of rabbits and flies with intracellular measurements of energy consumption from single fly photoreceptors and recently constructed energy budgets for neural processing in rats to assess the contributions of various components to neuronal e ...
The fate of Nissl-stained dark neurons following
... visualized by DAB solution. For the positive control, sections were treated with DNase I before treatment with TdT. For negative control sections were incubated with TdT buVer that did not contain the enzyme. Counting of neurons Three periodic Nissl-stained sections at the coronal level of 3.8 mm po ...
... visualized by DAB solution. For the positive control, sections were treated with DNase I before treatment with TdT. For negative control sections were incubated with TdT buVer that did not contain the enzyme. Counting of neurons Three periodic Nissl-stained sections at the coronal level of 3.8 mm po ...
Reuss 9..48
... clock, retinal circadian oscillations and central and peripheral clock gene transcription are among the exciting findings that may shed new light on the anatomical and functional properties of the circadian timing system. ...
... clock, retinal circadian oscillations and central and peripheral clock gene transcription are among the exciting findings that may shed new light on the anatomical and functional properties of the circadian timing system. ...
MATERNAL BEHAVIOUR IN LACTATING RATS STIMULATES c
... AbstractÐIncreased activity of the immediate-early gene c-fos can be observed in many areas of the lactating rat brain after dams physically interact with pups and display maternal behaviour. These sites include the medial preoptic area, ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the ventrolat ...
... AbstractÐIncreased activity of the immediate-early gene c-fos can be observed in many areas of the lactating rat brain after dams physically interact with pups and display maternal behaviour. These sites include the medial preoptic area, ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the ventrolat ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... stimulation of the ampullae (i.e., when the cell contains a single long kinocilium with cathode is placed at the canal opening and eleven tubules in the typical 9 + 2 arthe anode elsewhere on the fish). This is rangement (9 peripheral doublets suropposite to other lateral line receptors rounding a c ...
... stimulation of the ampullae (i.e., when the cell contains a single long kinocilium with cathode is placed at the canal opening and eleven tubules in the typical 9 + 2 arthe anode elsewhere on the fish). This is rangement (9 peripheral doublets suropposite to other lateral line receptors rounding a c ...
Pituitary hormones_E
... The natural hormones and their synthetic analogues (which in many cases may be more effective), are used as drugs for substitution therapy as well as for pharmacotherapy. In addition, hormone antagonists and hormone synthesis release inhibitors have significant therapeutic ...
... The natural hormones and their synthetic analogues (which in many cases may be more effective), are used as drugs for substitution therapy as well as for pharmacotherapy. In addition, hormone antagonists and hormone synthesis release inhibitors have significant therapeutic ...
Neurotransmission in the rat amygdala related to fear and anxiety
... humans. Projections to the two striatal areas might relay motivationally significant information to motor areas necessary for the avoidance of harmful stimuli or approach to stimuli associated with primary reinforcers. Projections to the central nucleus of the amygdala, the major intra-amygdaloid ta ...
... humans. Projections to the two striatal areas might relay motivationally significant information to motor areas necessary for the avoidance of harmful stimuli or approach to stimuli associated with primary reinforcers. Projections to the central nucleus of the amygdala, the major intra-amygdaloid ta ...
Zmysły chemiczne
... Four basic taste stimuli are transduced into electrical signals by different mechanisms. Salty taste is mediated by Na+ influx through Na+-selective channels depolarizing the cell directly. Sour taste can result from either the passage of H+ ions through Na+ channels or from the blockade of pHsensit ...
... Four basic taste stimuli are transduced into electrical signals by different mechanisms. Salty taste is mediated by Na+ influx through Na+-selective channels depolarizing the cell directly. Sour taste can result from either the passage of H+ ions through Na+ channels or from the blockade of pHsensit ...
Predicting voluntary movements from motor cortical activity with
... were recorded. The threshold was observed and adjusted online to compensate for long term changes in signal amplitude. The time stamps of spike occurrences along with behavioral events such as the preparatory signal, the response signal, movement onset, and movement end were stored at a time resolut ...
... were recorded. The threshold was observed and adjusted online to compensate for long term changes in signal amplitude. The time stamps of spike occurrences along with behavioral events such as the preparatory signal, the response signal, movement onset, and movement end were stored at a time resolut ...
A"computational"approach"towards"the"ontogeny"of" mirror"neurons
... learning could be responsible for the ontogeny of predictive mirror neurons (Keysers and Gazzola, 2014). Here, we have shown that a variation of Oja’s rule (an implementation of Hebbian learning) is sufficient to explain the emergence of mirror neurons. An artificial neural network that simulates th ...
... learning could be responsible for the ontogeny of predictive mirror neurons (Keysers and Gazzola, 2014). Here, we have shown that a variation of Oja’s rule (an implementation of Hebbian learning) is sufficient to explain the emergence of mirror neurons. An artificial neural network that simulates th ...
Organization of a Vertebrate Cardiac Ganglion: A Correlated
... of the substance P-like peptide in the cardiac septum. The assay was carried out as described by Mroz and Leeman (1979). Cardiac septa from 4 animals were rapidly dissected in cold physiological saline, blotted. and weighed. The tissue was homoaenized in 100-300 volumes of O.l’N HCl, boiled for 10 m ...
... of the substance P-like peptide in the cardiac septum. The assay was carried out as described by Mroz and Leeman (1979). Cardiac septa from 4 animals were rapidly dissected in cold physiological saline, blotted. and weighed. The tissue was homoaenized in 100-300 volumes of O.l’N HCl, boiled for 10 m ...
a real-time spike domain sensory information processing system
... of events per second, all of which must be transmitted to external processors for higher levels of processing. In the brain, this is achieved by extensive connectivity between neural centers with distributed and parallel processing. In artificial neuromorphic systems, spikes can be rapidly transmitt ...
... of events per second, all of which must be transmitted to external processors for higher levels of processing. In the brain, this is achieved by extensive connectivity between neural centers with distributed and parallel processing. In artificial neuromorphic systems, spikes can be rapidly transmitt ...
BRAINSTEM
... Transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue via the chorda tympani nerve. Receives information from taste buds located in the fungiform and foliate papillae. Sensory and autonomic root of the facial nerve. Chorda tympani actually arises from this segment of VII. Cell bodies lie in the geniculate ...
... Transmits taste from the anterior 2/3 of tongue via the chorda tympani nerve. Receives information from taste buds located in the fungiform and foliate papillae. Sensory and autonomic root of the facial nerve. Chorda tympani actually arises from this segment of VII. Cell bodies lie in the geniculate ...
Polarization-sensitive and light-sensitive neurons in two parallel
... the lower unit of the AOTu (Fig. 2A). Neurons with cell bodies in the right hemisphere were recorded 23 times, neurons with cell bodies in the left hemisphere 10 times, and 15 cells were not stained. Graded changes in membrane potential were not observed in any of the recordings and, correspondingly ...
... the lower unit of the AOTu (Fig. 2A). Neurons with cell bodies in the right hemisphere were recorded 23 times, neurons with cell bodies in the left hemisphere 10 times, and 15 cells were not stained. Graded changes in membrane potential were not observed in any of the recordings and, correspondingly ...
Quantitative morphological changes in neurons from the dorsal
... volume in the dLGN. This, according to Hinds and McNelly (1977), Flood et al., (1985), and Coleman and Flood (1986), could be related to an increase in the dendritic tree in order to maintain the existing synaptic connections, despite the increase in the dLGN total volume, or perhaps, to compensate ...
... volume in the dLGN. This, according to Hinds and McNelly (1977), Flood et al., (1985), and Coleman and Flood (1986), could be related to an increase in the dendritic tree in order to maintain the existing synaptic connections, despite the increase in the dLGN total volume, or perhaps, to compensate ...
Specific synapses develop preferentially among sister excitatory
... We analysed a total of 179 pairs of radially aligned EGFP-expressing sister excitatory neurons and their neighbouring non-sibling neurons (Fig. 3h). Among them, 36.9% (65 out of 179) of sister neurons in a radial clone were connected. In contrast, only 6.3% (9 out of 143) of radially situated non-si ...
... We analysed a total of 179 pairs of radially aligned EGFP-expressing sister excitatory neurons and their neighbouring non-sibling neurons (Fig. 3h). Among them, 36.9% (65 out of 179) of sister neurons in a radial clone were connected. In contrast, only 6.3% (9 out of 143) of radially situated non-si ...
Activation Models
... Membrane Resting Potentials Definition Define resting Potential Pi as the activation value to which the membrane potential equilibrates in the absence of external or neuronal inputs: ...
... Membrane Resting Potentials Definition Define resting Potential Pi as the activation value to which the membrane potential equilibrates in the absence of external or neuronal inputs: ...
2 m – 32. Autonomous part of the peripheral nervous system
... sympathetic and parasympathetic ANS part of the SPA. In recent years, within the VPS is isolated nervous system. The sympathetic part of the ANS system is seen as stress mobilization system defenses and resources of the body when changing external factors or internal environment; performs adaptive-t ...
... sympathetic and parasympathetic ANS part of the SPA. In recent years, within the VPS is isolated nervous system. The sympathetic part of the ANS system is seen as stress mobilization system defenses and resources of the body when changing external factors or internal environment; performs adaptive-t ...
Effects of Correlated Input on Development of Structure in an
... with a mean rate of 0.07 events per second, corresponding to the figure of 251.7±55.1 events per hour measured by Hartley et al. (2012). The duration for each event was taken to be 5 seconds, as per the findings of Anderson et al. (1985). Figure 3.2 shows the effect that such a process has on the sa ...
... with a mean rate of 0.07 events per second, corresponding to the figure of 251.7±55.1 events per hour measured by Hartley et al. (2012). The duration for each event was taken to be 5 seconds, as per the findings of Anderson et al. (1985). Figure 3.2 shows the effect that such a process has on the sa ...
Properties of Primary Sensory (Lemniscal) Synapses in the
... (1963) demonstrated that the capacity for frequency following of tactile stimuli is dramatically different for thalamic cells in the waking as compared with the anesthetized monkey. More recent work in the freely behaving rat using electrical stimulation of the infraorbital nerve has shown that VPM ...
... (1963) demonstrated that the capacity for frequency following of tactile stimuli is dramatically different for thalamic cells in the waking as compared with the anesthetized monkey. More recent work in the freely behaving rat using electrical stimulation of the infraorbital nerve has shown that VPM ...