Cerebellum Learning objectives At the end of this lecture, the
... At the end of this lecture, the students will be able to know: • Gross anatomy of the cerebellum • Various terms like folia, vermis, tracts and nuclei of cerebellum • Major efferent and afferent pathways and their function • Human diseases associated with cerebellar dysfunction Some Terminologies Wh ...
... At the end of this lecture, the students will be able to know: • Gross anatomy of the cerebellum • Various terms like folia, vermis, tracts and nuclei of cerebellum • Major efferent and afferent pathways and their function • Human diseases associated with cerebellar dysfunction Some Terminologies Wh ...
Striate cortex increases contrast gain of macaque LGN neurons
... jected forward (Mumford, 1992; Rao & Ballard, 1999). In discussing the latter predictive model with applicability to both corticofugal and corticocortical recurrent projections, Koch and Poggio (1999) note that “it will be critical to unravel the precise function of corticocortical feedback projecti ...
... jected forward (Mumford, 1992; Rao & Ballard, 1999). In discussing the latter predictive model with applicability to both corticofugal and corticocortical recurrent projections, Koch and Poggio (1999) note that “it will be critical to unravel the precise function of corticocortical feedback projecti ...
Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence
... Hypothesis: Superior temporal sulcus (STS) and PF provide crucial inputs for the premotor mirror system Subaim: To show how STS and PF could provide a neural representation of the observed scene to provide crucial inputs for the premotor mirror system. Findings from Parma on mirror-like neurons in ...
... Hypothesis: Superior temporal sulcus (STS) and PF provide crucial inputs for the premotor mirror system Subaim: To show how STS and PF could provide a neural representation of the observed scene to provide crucial inputs for the premotor mirror system. Findings from Parma on mirror-like neurons in ...
parasympathetic divisions
... Dorsal root (fans out into dorsal rootlets) Ventral root (derived from several ventral rootlets) ...
... Dorsal root (fans out into dorsal rootlets) Ventral root (derived from several ventral rootlets) ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Integration in Hypothalamic
... peptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP). We have demonstrated that injection of all three peptides into the SCN of hamsters mimics the phase-delaying effects of light on circadian wheel running behavior. In addition, the genes encoding these peptides exh ...
... peptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and gastrin releasing peptide (GRP). We have demonstrated that injection of all three peptides into the SCN of hamsters mimics the phase-delaying effects of light on circadian wheel running behavior. In addition, the genes encoding these peptides exh ...
Sensory Regeneration in Arthropods: Implications of Homoeosis
... racic tarsi, but not normal antennae (Deak, homolog on the haltere either form a local1976; Stocker, 1977). A potential source ised bushy projection in metathoracic neuof input to the proboscis center has been ropile comparable to that associated with shown anatomically in Spineless aristapedia, the ...
... racic tarsi, but not normal antennae (Deak, homolog on the haltere either form a local1976; Stocker, 1977). A potential source ised bushy projection in metathoracic neuof input to the proboscis center has been ropile comparable to that associated with shown anatomically in Spineless aristapedia, the ...
Ultrastructural Characterization of Gerbil Olivocochlear Neurons
... neurons labeled by retrograde transport of tritiated D-ASP from the cochlea (Ryan et al., 1987). It is still unresolved whether the small neurons compose the entire population of “intraLSO” OC neurons, as suggested by Ryan et al. (1987) or whether class 5 neurons also contribute to this population. ...
... neurons labeled by retrograde transport of tritiated D-ASP from the cochlea (Ryan et al., 1987). It is still unresolved whether the small neurons compose the entire population of “intraLSO” OC neurons, as suggested by Ryan et al. (1987) or whether class 5 neurons also contribute to this population. ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... The neuronal membrane – embedded with multiple ion channels and receptors connected to scaffolding and effector proteins – represents a key information processing system in the neuron. In addition to receptors that mediate electrophysiological responses, there exist distinct membrane receptor populati ...
... The neuronal membrane – embedded with multiple ion channels and receptors connected to scaffolding and effector proteins – represents a key information processing system in the neuron. In addition to receptors that mediate electrophysiological responses, there exist distinct membrane receptor populati ...
Pathways for emotions and memory
... The anterior thalamic nuclei are a key link in pathways associated with emotions and memory. In the preceding study we found that one of the anterior nuclei, the anterior medial (AM), had particularly robust connections with specific medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices and moderate connecti ...
... The anterior thalamic nuclei are a key link in pathways associated with emotions and memory. In the preceding study we found that one of the anterior nuclei, the anterior medial (AM), had particularly robust connections with specific medial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices and moderate connecti ...
Animal responses to the environment
... Same basic structure as any other cell. Cell body consists of cytoplasm and a nucleus. Cytoplasm contains Nissl granules which are rich in RNA and play a role in protein synthesis. Two types of outgrowths – dendrites and axons. Dendrites conduct nerve impulses to the cell body. Axons conduct impulse ...
... Same basic structure as any other cell. Cell body consists of cytoplasm and a nucleus. Cytoplasm contains Nissl granules which are rich in RNA and play a role in protein synthesis. Two types of outgrowths – dendrites and axons. Dendrites conduct nerve impulses to the cell body. Axons conduct impulse ...
Zebrafish and motor control over the last decade
... escape. As one might expect, descending hindbrain neurons do apparently contribute to behaviors other than escape. A carefully performed single cell laser ablation study revealed that a pair of neurons in the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus with dendrites in the optic tectum and projec ...
... escape. As one might expect, descending hindbrain neurons do apparently contribute to behaviors other than escape. A carefully performed single cell laser ablation study revealed that a pair of neurons in the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus with dendrites in the optic tectum and projec ...
Probing neural circuits in the zebrafish: a suite of optical techniques
... vivo optical recording of neural activity, (2) the optical dissection of complex neural architectures, and (3) additional fluorescence imaging-based techniques for the anatomical and physiological characterization of these systems. These approaches have provided insights into the descending neural co ...
... vivo optical recording of neural activity, (2) the optical dissection of complex neural architectures, and (3) additional fluorescence imaging-based techniques for the anatomical and physiological characterization of these systems. These approaches have provided insights into the descending neural co ...
What is the other 85% of V1 doing?
... Even when a neuron has been successfully isolated, detailed investigation of the neuron may be bypassed if the neuron does not respond “rationally” to the investigators stimuli or fit the stereotype of what the experimenter believes the neuron should do. This is especially true for higher visual are ...
... Even when a neuron has been successfully isolated, detailed investigation of the neuron may be bypassed if the neuron does not respond “rationally” to the investigators stimuli or fit the stereotype of what the experimenter believes the neuron should do. This is especially true for higher visual are ...
Lesson #7-8
... 1) The contralateral thalamus (ventral lateral and centromedian nuclei) Efferent fibers to the thalamus. Efferent fibers in the superior cerebellar peduncle traveling to the thalamus arise mainly in the dentate nucleus (cerebrocerebellum). After a synaptic relay in the thalamus, further fibers ascen ...
... 1) The contralateral thalamus (ventral lateral and centromedian nuclei) Efferent fibers to the thalamus. Efferent fibers in the superior cerebellar peduncle traveling to the thalamus arise mainly in the dentate nucleus (cerebrocerebellum). After a synaptic relay in the thalamus, further fibers ascen ...
Calcium Binding Protein-Like lmmunoreactivity Labels the Terminal
... Conlee and Parks, 1986) that contain neurons sensitive to the difference in soundintensity in the 2 ears(Moiseff and Konishi, 1983; Takahashi and Konishi, 1983). The pathway that processestiming information originatesin nucleus magnocellularis(NM), the other cochlear nucleus,the neurons of which pre ...
... Conlee and Parks, 1986) that contain neurons sensitive to the difference in soundintensity in the 2 ears(Moiseff and Konishi, 1983; Takahashi and Konishi, 1983). The pathway that processestiming information originatesin nucleus magnocellularis(NM), the other cochlear nucleus,the neurons of which pre ...
Communication as an emergent metaphor for neuronal operation
... However, these promises were based on the assumption that the computational model captures all the important characteristics of real biological neurons with respect to information processing. We will indicate in this article that very recent advances in neuroscience appear to invalidate this assumpt ...
... However, these promises were based on the assumption that the computational model captures all the important characteristics of real biological neurons with respect to information processing. We will indicate in this article that very recent advances in neuroscience appear to invalidate this assumpt ...
View/Open
... The terminations on involillltary fibers is much the same as that for voluntary muscle, but it is greatly simplified. The nerve endings in cardiac muscle are best distinguished by their branching over a wider area in the muscle fibers. Motor terminations in glandular structure takes the form of a ne ...
... The terminations on involillltary fibers is much the same as that for voluntary muscle, but it is greatly simplified. The nerve endings in cardiac muscle are best distinguished by their branching over a wider area in the muscle fibers. Motor terminations in glandular structure takes the form of a ne ...
Corticofugal modulation of frequency processing in bat auditory
... Almost all auditory neurons are tuned to particular frequencies. Therefore, all signal processing, including ranging and sound localization, is presumably modulated in the frequency domain by the corticofugal projections originating in the primary auditory cortex. In addition, signal processing in o ...
... Almost all auditory neurons are tuned to particular frequencies. Therefore, all signal processing, including ranging and sound localization, is presumably modulated in the frequency domain by the corticofugal projections originating in the primary auditory cortex. In addition, signal processing in o ...
Diversity and wiring variability of visual local neurons in the
... The Drosophila optic lobe contains four neuropils, each representing a different stage of visual processing: the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate (Morante and Desplan, 2004). Starting with the compound eye, visual signals are transmitted through a twodimensional array of modular longitudina ...
... The Drosophila optic lobe contains four neuropils, each representing a different stage of visual processing: the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate (Morante and Desplan, 2004). Starting with the compound eye, visual signals are transmitted through a twodimensional array of modular longitudina ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... tentatively concluded that deafferentation per se is sufficient to induce sleep, this last observation concerning visual stimuli indicates that some neural mechanism in addition to the direct sensory pathways is required for the maintenance of wakefulness. In 1949 Moruzzi and Magoun discovered that ...
... tentatively concluded that deafferentation per se is sufficient to induce sleep, this last observation concerning visual stimuli indicates that some neural mechanism in addition to the direct sensory pathways is required for the maintenance of wakefulness. In 1949 Moruzzi and Magoun discovered that ...
Nucleus Accumbens Medium Spiny Neurons Target Non
... Slices were washed thoroughly before being incubated with FITCconjugated affinpure goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (1:200). Secrecordings from VTA neurons and optically stimulated MSN fitions were mounted and visualized as above. Only data from rats in bers (Fig. 2 B). In ⬃40% of recordings, bri ...
... Slices were washed thoroughly before being incubated with FITCconjugated affinpure goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (1:200). Secrecordings from VTA neurons and optically stimulated MSN fitions were mounted and visualized as above. Only data from rats in bers (Fig. 2 B). In ⬃40% of recordings, bri ...
Key Points: Neuroscience Exam #2 Lecture 16 and 17: Development of
... o Closure of the neuropores coincides with the establishment of a vascular circulation for the neural tube. The walls of the neural tube thicken to form the brain and spinal cord o Anytime the neuropores do not close, you end up with an open NS and parts can be missing th 4 week (29 days): embryo un ...
... o Closure of the neuropores coincides with the establishment of a vascular circulation for the neural tube. The walls of the neural tube thicken to form the brain and spinal cord o Anytime the neuropores do not close, you end up with an open NS and parts can be missing th 4 week (29 days): embryo un ...
Chapter 12 *Lecture PowerPoint Nervous Tissue
... • Peripheral nervous system has two major functional subdivisions – Sensory (afferent) division: carries sensory signals from various receptors to the CNS • Informs the CNS of stimuli within or around the body ...
... • Peripheral nervous system has two major functional subdivisions – Sensory (afferent) division: carries sensory signals from various receptors to the CNS • Informs the CNS of stimuli within or around the body ...
Neural Computation and Neuromodulation Underlying Social
... et al. 2002; Stowers et al. 2002; Kimchi et al. 2007; Wu et al. 2014). Changes in social behavior associated with dysfunction of the VNO generally represent a loss of specificity for the behavior itself as opposed to a failure to display social behaviors in general (Stowers et al. 2002). Indeed, vol ...
... et al. 2002; Stowers et al. 2002; Kimchi et al. 2007; Wu et al. 2014). Changes in social behavior associated with dysfunction of the VNO generally represent a loss of specificity for the behavior itself as opposed to a failure to display social behaviors in general (Stowers et al. 2002). Indeed, vol ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... sections from a 1:6 series were analyzed for each brain. A random start was ensured by using a different well for the beginning of each series combined with the fact that the beginning of the collection of sections from the vibratome varied from brain to brain. Damaged/lost sections, of which there ...
... sections from a 1:6 series were analyzed for each brain. A random start was ensured by using a different well for the beginning of each series combined with the fact that the beginning of the collection of sections from the vibratome varied from brain to brain. Damaged/lost sections, of which there ...