Properties of Primary Sensory (Lemniscal) Synapses in the
... (1963) demonstrated that the capacity for frequency following of tactile stimuli is dramatically different for thalamic cells in the waking as compared with the anesthetized monkey. More recent work in the freely behaving rat using electrical stimulation of the infraorbital nerve has shown that VPM ...
... (1963) demonstrated that the capacity for frequency following of tactile stimuli is dramatically different for thalamic cells in the waking as compared with the anesthetized monkey. More recent work in the freely behaving rat using electrical stimulation of the infraorbital nerve has shown that VPM ...
the Lateral Lemniscus Powerful, Onset Inhibition in the Ventral
... in 2% O2) prior to injection of urethan. The animal’s temperature was maintained at ⬃37.5°C by a thermostatically controlled heating pad. At the end of the recording session, the animal was intra-cardially perfused with 10% formalin. Brains were removed, postfixed in 10% formalin, and sectioned on a ...
... in 2% O2) prior to injection of urethan. The animal’s temperature was maintained at ⬃37.5°C by a thermostatically controlled heating pad. At the end of the recording session, the animal was intra-cardially perfused with 10% formalin. Brains were removed, postfixed in 10% formalin, and sectioned on a ...
Cerebellum
... only from the trunk and the lower extremities and ends in the corresponding parts of the spinocerebellum. The same kind of information from the upper extremities is mediated through the external cuneate nucleus, located laterally in the medulla oblongata. The ventral spinocerebellar tract originate ...
... only from the trunk and the lower extremities and ends in the corresponding parts of the spinocerebellum. The same kind of information from the upper extremities is mediated through the external cuneate nucleus, located laterally in the medulla oblongata. The ventral spinocerebellar tract originate ...
Minireview - Leslie Vosshall
... cells are programmed to die in normal females (Kimura et al., 2005). The same group has recently extended this work to demonstrate that another subset of male-specific neurons called the P1 neurons suffices to initiate female-directed courtship when masculinized in an otherwise female brain (Kimura ...
... cells are programmed to die in normal females (Kimura et al., 2005). The same group has recently extended this work to demonstrate that another subset of male-specific neurons called the P1 neurons suffices to initiate female-directed courtship when masculinized in an otherwise female brain (Kimura ...
Hindbrain noradrenergic A2 neurons: diverse roles in autonomic
... and forebrain nuclei that project directly to the visceral NST and may participate in recruitment of A2 neurons. As summarized in Table 1, these include various regions of the medullary, pontine, and mesencephalic reticular formation (13, 157, 166, 180); the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (180); the r ...
... and forebrain nuclei that project directly to the visceral NST and may participate in recruitment of A2 neurons. As summarized in Table 1, these include various regions of the medullary, pontine, and mesencephalic reticular formation (13, 157, 166, 180); the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (180); the r ...
THE AREA POSTREMA: A POTENTIAL SITE FOR CIRCADIAN REGULATION BY
... environmental challenges that are critical to survival. These include oscillations in neuroendocrine and autonomic activity controlling the regulation of body temperature, metabolism, locomotor activity, and cardiovascular function. Circadian rhythms are governed by a master pacemaker in the anterio ...
... environmental challenges that are critical to survival. These include oscillations in neuroendocrine and autonomic activity controlling the regulation of body temperature, metabolism, locomotor activity, and cardiovascular function. Circadian rhythms are governed by a master pacemaker in the anterio ...
Musings on the Wanderer: What`s New in Our Understanding of
... gastrointestinal tract even 45 days after vagotomy (46). There are several potential mechanisms that may be responsible for the failure of the efferents to regenerate (46). Competition for limited target sites and/or the trophic factors they produce might block vagal efferent reinnervation of the ta ...
... gastrointestinal tract even 45 days after vagotomy (46). There are several potential mechanisms that may be responsible for the failure of the efferents to regenerate (46). Competition for limited target sites and/or the trophic factors they produce might block vagal efferent reinnervation of the ta ...
Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center
... However, perfusion of the posterior hypothalamus with mAEA did not change significantly histamine release from the perirhinal cortex (Passani et al., 2007; Table 1) despite the profuse histaminergic innervation of this region (Panula et al., 1989) and the presence of histaminergic receptors (Pillot ...
... However, perfusion of the posterior hypothalamus with mAEA did not change significantly histamine release from the perirhinal cortex (Passani et al., 2007; Table 1) despite the profuse histaminergic innervation of this region (Panula et al., 1989) and the presence of histaminergic receptors (Pillot ...
15_QuizShowQuestions
... suprachiasmatic nucleus is/are false? a. It coordinates daily cycles of activity that are linked to the day/night cycle. b. Its output adjusts the activities of the hypothalamic nuclei, the pineal gland, and the reticular formation. c. It is one of the ventral nuclei of the ...
... suprachiasmatic nucleus is/are false? a. It coordinates daily cycles of activity that are linked to the day/night cycle. b. Its output adjusts the activities of the hypothalamic nuclei, the pineal gland, and the reticular formation. c. It is one of the ventral nuclei of the ...
Cardiovascular and autonomic modulation by
... view that the CNS participates in the cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training and proposes a differential vascular regulation mediated by the CNS. ...
... view that the CNS participates in the cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training and proposes a differential vascular regulation mediated by the CNS. ...
Brain mechanisms for switching from automatic to controlled eye
... Abstract: Human behaviour is mostly composed of habitual actions that require little conscious control. Such actions may become invalid if the environment changes, at which point we need to switch behaviour by overcoming habitual actions that are otherwise triggered automatically. It is unclear how ...
... Abstract: Human behaviour is mostly composed of habitual actions that require little conscious control. Such actions may become invalid if the environment changes, at which point we need to switch behaviour by overcoming habitual actions that are otherwise triggered automatically. It is unclear how ...
part ii: the animal mind - Neural and Mental Evolution
... nucleotides (adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine). Moreover, it has also been shown that amino acids polymerize into peptides and protein-like macromolecules when subjected to various experimental treatments, and that these macromolecules may form encapsulated microspheres when boiled in water (F ...
... nucleotides (adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine). Moreover, it has also been shown that amino acids polymerize into peptides and protein-like macromolecules when subjected to various experimental treatments, and that these macromolecules may form encapsulated microspheres when boiled in water (F ...
Optical Control of Muscle Function by Transplantation of Stem Cell
... function. We generated murine embryonic stem cell–derived motor neurons that express the light-sensitive ion channel channelrhodopsin-2, which we then engrafted into partially denervated branches of the sciatic nerve of adult mice. These engrafted motor neurons not only reinnervated lower hind-limb ...
... function. We generated murine embryonic stem cell–derived motor neurons that express the light-sensitive ion channel channelrhodopsin-2, which we then engrafted into partially denervated branches of the sciatic nerve of adult mice. These engrafted motor neurons not only reinnervated lower hind-limb ...
NMDA Receptors Contribute to Primary Visceral Afferent
... synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different autonomic reflex pathways or to limitations of the microinjection technique, which typically relies on relatively large volumes (10–100 nl) of highly concentrated agents th ...
... synaptic transmission in the NTS may be due to true differences in the glutamate receptor subtypes activated in these different autonomic reflex pathways or to limitations of the microinjection technique, which typically relies on relatively large volumes (10–100 nl) of highly concentrated agents th ...
Rebuilding Brain Circuitry with Living Micro
... Prominent neuropathology following trauma, stroke, and various neurodegenerative diseases includes neuronal degeneration as well as loss of long-distance axonal connections. While cell replacement and axonal pathfinding strategies are often explored independently, there is no strategy capable of sim ...
... Prominent neuropathology following trauma, stroke, and various neurodegenerative diseases includes neuronal degeneration as well as loss of long-distance axonal connections. While cell replacement and axonal pathfinding strategies are often explored independently, there is no strategy capable of sim ...
Corticofugal Amplification of Subcortical Responses to Single Tone
... placed over the hole. A few days later, single subcortical DSCF neurons were recorded, and 0.2 mg muscimol (1.0 mg/ ml saline) was applied to the DSCF area with a 1.0-ml Hamilton microsyringe to inactivate the DSCF area. Gelfoam (gelatin sponge) was placed in the well to prevent leakage of muscimol ...
... placed over the hole. A few days later, single subcortical DSCF neurons were recorded, and 0.2 mg muscimol (1.0 mg/ ml saline) was applied to the DSCF area with a 1.0-ml Hamilton microsyringe to inactivate the DSCF area. Gelfoam (gelatin sponge) was placed in the well to prevent leakage of muscimol ...
The Neurology of Posture
... and stress response, which include reactions from and to central centers, such as immune cytokines (messenger molecules) traveling to the brain during infection and making you feel sick. Responses to stressful events can trigger neurogenic inflammation by way of either 1) the sympathetic nervous sys ...
... and stress response, which include reactions from and to central centers, such as immune cytokines (messenger molecules) traveling to the brain during infection and making you feel sick. Responses to stressful events can trigger neurogenic inflammation by way of either 1) the sympathetic nervous sys ...
Dorsal Column Nuclei Neurons Recorded in a Brain Stem–Spinal
... responded to dorsal root stimulation with a fast excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). These neurons were located lateral to, but at the level of, the area postrema at depths of 100 –268 m below the dorsal surface of the brain. The neurons could be divided into groups according to the shape of ...
... responded to dorsal root stimulation with a fast excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). These neurons were located lateral to, but at the level of, the area postrema at depths of 100 –268 m below the dorsal surface of the brain. The neurons could be divided into groups according to the shape of ...
Cranial nerves III, IV,VI and Visual Pathway
... Has two nuclei: 1- Main occulomotor nucleus; Lies in the mid brain, at the level of superior colliculus 2- Accessory nucleus (EdingerWestphal nucleus); Lies dorsal to the main motor nucleus, Its cells are Preganglionic Parasympathetic Neurons. It receives; Corticonuclear fibers for the accommod ...
... Has two nuclei: 1- Main occulomotor nucleus; Lies in the mid brain, at the level of superior colliculus 2- Accessory nucleus (EdingerWestphal nucleus); Lies dorsal to the main motor nucleus, Its cells are Preganglionic Parasympathetic Neurons. It receives; Corticonuclear fibers for the accommod ...
Diversity of reporter expression patterns in transgenic mouse lines
... been well characterized by numerous groups (eg, 20, 32). reporter expression patterns in the PVN. In the tdTomato To definitively establish the specificity of the antiserum, (Crh-IRES-Cre;Ai14) mouse, the distribution pattern of we followed the recommendations established by Saper both reporter and ...
... been well characterized by numerous groups (eg, 20, 32). reporter expression patterns in the PVN. In the tdTomato To definitively establish the specificity of the antiserum, (Crh-IRES-Cre;Ai14) mouse, the distribution pattern of we followed the recommendations established by Saper both reporter and ...
optical imaging and control of genetically designated neurons in
... synaptic potentials or currents, for example, or the active conductances and passive cable properties that modulate them. Used as an actuator, the electrode can control membrane potential near the site of impalement but not necessarily in more remote locations, particularly if the cellular geometry ...
... synaptic potentials or currents, for example, or the active conductances and passive cable properties that modulate them. Used as an actuator, the electrode can control membrane potential near the site of impalement but not necessarily in more remote locations, particularly if the cellular geometry ...
The Subconscious Motor Tracts
... Consists of four tracts involved in monitoring the subconscious motor control Vestibulospinal tracts Tectospinal tracts Reticulospinal tracts Rubrospinal tracts ...
... Consists of four tracts involved in monitoring the subconscious motor control Vestibulospinal tracts Tectospinal tracts Reticulospinal tracts Rubrospinal tracts ...
The Biological Bases of Time-to
... 2. TTC in the invertebrate visual system Flying insects have long been used as model systems because they exhibit spectacular aerial performance and accomplish this with relatively simple neural computational mechanisms. Moreover since the same neurons can be identified from animal to animal the neu ...
... 2. TTC in the invertebrate visual system Flying insects have long been used as model systems because they exhibit spectacular aerial performance and accomplish this with relatively simple neural computational mechanisms. Moreover since the same neurons can be identified from animal to animal the neu ...
GustOlf9
... projection to hypothalamus. Olfactory tubercle – part of basal forebrain projections to and from olfactory bulb – play a role in regulating emotion. Piriform + periamygdaloid cortices – ant temporal lobe (shaped like a pear): olfactory perception as in: - input in internal processing of odors. - pro ...
... projection to hypothalamus. Olfactory tubercle – part of basal forebrain projections to and from olfactory bulb – play a role in regulating emotion. Piriform + periamygdaloid cortices – ant temporal lobe (shaped like a pear): olfactory perception as in: - input in internal processing of odors. - pro ...