Electrical Synapses between Dopaminergic Neurons of the
... Spatiotemporal properties of dopamine release play a major role both in striatal and nigral physiology because dopamine is released from nerve terminals and dendrites of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Pioneering work revealed gap junctional communication (assessed by dye-coupling experimen ...
... Spatiotemporal properties of dopamine release play a major role both in striatal and nigral physiology because dopamine is released from nerve terminals and dendrites of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons. Pioneering work revealed gap junctional communication (assessed by dye-coupling experimen ...
Neurons - Images
... extending from their cell body; a short distance from the cell body this process divides into 2 branches. The cell bodies of these neurons aggregate in groups called ganglia which are located outside the CNS; both branches really function as 1 axon the peripheral branch is associated with dendri ...
... extending from their cell body; a short distance from the cell body this process divides into 2 branches. The cell bodies of these neurons aggregate in groups called ganglia which are located outside the CNS; both branches really function as 1 axon the peripheral branch is associated with dendri ...
12-4 Membrane Potential
... o The sodium–potassium exchange pump ejects 3 Na+ ions for every 2 K+ ions that it brings into the cell It serves to stabilize the resting potential when the ratio of Na + entry to K+ loss through passive channels is 3:2 o At the normal resting potential, these passive and active mechanisms are in ...
... o The sodium–potassium exchange pump ejects 3 Na+ ions for every 2 K+ ions that it brings into the cell It serves to stabilize the resting potential when the ratio of Na + entry to K+ loss through passive channels is 3:2 o At the normal resting potential, these passive and active mechanisms are in ...
OPTOGENETIC STUDY OF THE PROJECTIONS FROM THE BED
... respectively). Within BNST, the connections from CeA-projecting to non-CeA targeting ...
... respectively). Within BNST, the connections from CeA-projecting to non-CeA targeting ...
Calcium Binding Protein-Like lmmunoreactivity Labels the Terminal
... Conlee and Parks, 1986) that contain neurons sensitive to the difference in sound intensity in the 2 ears (Moiseff and Konishi, 1983; Takahashi and Konishi, 1983). The pathway that processes timing information originates in nucleus magnocellularis (NM), the other cochlear nucleus, the neurons of whi ...
... Conlee and Parks, 1986) that contain neurons sensitive to the difference in sound intensity in the 2 ears (Moiseff and Konishi, 1983; Takahashi and Konishi, 1983). The pathway that processes timing information originates in nucleus magnocellularis (NM), the other cochlear nucleus, the neurons of whi ...
Integrative neurobiology of energy homeostasis
... 2. Hypothalamic control of body weight and food intake The role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of energy homeostasis has been known for as long as 70 years, when it was shown that lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus lead to hyperphagia and obesity, while lesions of the lateral hypothalam ...
... 2. Hypothalamic control of body weight and food intake The role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of energy homeostasis has been known for as long as 70 years, when it was shown that lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus lead to hyperphagia and obesity, while lesions of the lateral hypothalam ...
Course of spinocerebellar axons in the ventral and lateral funiculi of
... termination in the posterior vermis in any of these cases. In another two cases (C254 and C257) the injections comprised the termination site in sublobule VIIIB on both sides, although less extensively in the rostral part in one of them (C254), and not completely on the right side in either of them. ...
... termination in the posterior vermis in any of these cases. In another two cases (C254 and C257) the injections comprised the termination site in sublobule VIIIB on both sides, although less extensively in the rostral part in one of them (C254), and not completely on the right side in either of them. ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Acetylcholine: Acetylcholine is widely distributed that is known to trigger muscle contraction excretion of the central hormones are stimulated. It is a ‘Feel Good’ neurotransmitter that is important for memory, alertness, sexuality, anger to name a few. ...
... Acetylcholine: Acetylcholine is widely distributed that is known to trigger muscle contraction excretion of the central hormones are stimulated. It is a ‘Feel Good’ neurotransmitter that is important for memory, alertness, sexuality, anger to name a few. ...
Dopamine Neurons Mediate a Fast Excitatory Signal
... reward (Schultz, 1998), whereas reward uncertainty appears to be encoded by a crescendo of DA neuron activity between the conditioned stimulus and reward (Fiorillo et al., 2003). DA responses, which are typically slow (Benoit-Marand et al., 2001) and modulatory, do not mediate direct excitatory or i ...
... reward (Schultz, 1998), whereas reward uncertainty appears to be encoded by a crescendo of DA neuron activity between the conditioned stimulus and reward (Fiorillo et al., 2003). DA responses, which are typically slow (Benoit-Marand et al., 2001) and modulatory, do not mediate direct excitatory or i ...
Comparative analysis of the baseline spike activity of
... were determined, along with the mean neuron spike frequency and the coefficient of variation of interspike intervals. The results showed that the most significant changes in neuron activity in fastigial nucleus cells were formed during the first ten days of vibration. On day 15, there was a tendency ...
... were determined, along with the mean neuron spike frequency and the coefficient of variation of interspike intervals. The results showed that the most significant changes in neuron activity in fastigial nucleus cells were formed during the first ten days of vibration. On day 15, there was a tendency ...
Effect of deep brain stimulation on substantia nigra neurons in a
... of movement ability. The pathogenic mechanisms of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease, involve Glu-mediated excitotoxicity and is considered “the last road” leading to neuronal death. Based on classical basal ganglia circuit theory12, a massive amo ...
... of movement ability. The pathogenic mechanisms of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease, involve Glu-mediated excitotoxicity and is considered “the last road” leading to neuronal death. Based on classical basal ganglia circuit theory12, a massive amo ...
Spontaneous firing patterns of identified spiny neurons in the rat
... or never exhibit antidromic responses to stimulation of substantia nigra21. Pure excitatory orthodromic responses are, on the other hand, more commonly reported for otherwise silent neurons, and these may also respond antidromically, to nigral stimulation21,27. Findings of this type have led some in ...
... or never exhibit antidromic responses to stimulation of substantia nigra21. Pure excitatory orthodromic responses are, on the other hand, more commonly reported for otherwise silent neurons, and these may also respond antidromically, to nigral stimulation21,27. Findings of this type have led some in ...
Full text article
... Establishment of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal function is dependent on the highly controlled and dynamic interactions between regulatory signals from the brain, pituitary and gonads, all of them leading to the attainment of reproductive capacity, where a coordinated and timely activation of ...
... Establishment of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal function is dependent on the highly controlled and dynamic interactions between regulatory signals from the brain, pituitary and gonads, all of them leading to the attainment of reproductive capacity, where a coordinated and timely activation of ...
Modulation of Cortical Activation and Behavioral Arousal by
... the nuclei of the nonspecific thalamocortical projection system and second along a ventral pathway to the lateral hypothalamus and basal forebrain where other neurons in turn project to the cerebral cortex.8 Originating predominantly from neurons of the caudal pons and medulla, the projections to th ...
... the nuclei of the nonspecific thalamocortical projection system and second along a ventral pathway to the lateral hypothalamus and basal forebrain where other neurons in turn project to the cerebral cortex.8 Originating predominantly from neurons of the caudal pons and medulla, the projections to th ...
The Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System
... University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. The autonomic nervous system carries the signals from the central nervous system to all organs and tissues of the body except skeletal muscle fibers. It is made up of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons linked together in functionally disti ...
... University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. The autonomic nervous system carries the signals from the central nervous system to all organs and tissues of the body except skeletal muscle fibers. It is made up of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons linked together in functionally disti ...
Malformations - Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge
... Septo-optic dysplasia Cavum septi pellucidi (anterior) and cavum vergae (posterior) ...
... Septo-optic dysplasia Cavum septi pellucidi (anterior) and cavum vergae (posterior) ...
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPLIED TO REAL ESTATE
... “entry noise”, and “learning and testing tolerances”. It is not necessary to go into these concepts to understand how training should be performed. Firstly, it is evident that the higher the number of entry variables, the greater the quantity of test samples will be necessary, and with more samples, ...
... “entry noise”, and “learning and testing tolerances”. It is not necessary to go into these concepts to understand how training should be performed. Firstly, it is evident that the higher the number of entry variables, the greater the quantity of test samples will be necessary, and with more samples, ...
Development of the Auditory Areas
... The prominent radial neurogenetic gradient between deep and superficial layers is shown after [3H] thymidine injections on E17 and EI8 (Figs. 12-2 and 12-3). Practically all of the neurons in layer VI and many of the neurons in layer V (especially anteriorly, Fig. 12-2) are unlabeled, while the majo ...
... The prominent radial neurogenetic gradient between deep and superficial layers is shown after [3H] thymidine injections on E17 and EI8 (Figs. 12-2 and 12-3). Practically all of the neurons in layer VI and many of the neurons in layer V (especially anteriorly, Fig. 12-2) are unlabeled, while the majo ...
Sensory feedback for upper limb prostheses
... and texture (SA1). The RA afferents are highly sensitive to minute movements on the skin, sense when objects begin to slip in the hand, and provide sensory feedback to the user about increasing grip force. Clearly, this afferent system is important if the prosthesis is to be used to grasp and lift o ...
... and texture (SA1). The RA afferents are highly sensitive to minute movements on the skin, sense when objects begin to slip in the hand, and provide sensory feedback to the user about increasing grip force. Clearly, this afferent system is important if the prosthesis is to be used to grasp and lift o ...
text - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ. Conn. Health
... and/or SNr must be suppressed for a period of time. 3. Pathways through the basal ganglia. These pathways provide the neural substrates that enable the basal ganglia to determine which action, thought or emotion will be facilitated, via a temporary suppression of its inhibitory output, or suppressed ...
... and/or SNr must be suppressed for a period of time. 3. Pathways through the basal ganglia. These pathways provide the neural substrates that enable the basal ganglia to determine which action, thought or emotion will be facilitated, via a temporary suppression of its inhibitory output, or suppressed ...
Neurotransmitter Profile of Saccadic Omnipause Neurons in
... of Nembutal (80 mg/kg body weight) and transcardially perfused with 0.9% saline (35°C) followed by 2% PFA/l% GA in 0.1 M PB. The brain was immersed in 10% sucrose in 0.1 M PB and transferred to 30% sucrose for 4 d. The brainstem was cut at 40 pm on a freezing microtome in the transverse plane. A ser ...
... of Nembutal (80 mg/kg body weight) and transcardially perfused with 0.9% saline (35°C) followed by 2% PFA/l% GA in 0.1 M PB. The brain was immersed in 10% sucrose in 0.1 M PB and transferred to 30% sucrose for 4 d. The brainstem was cut at 40 pm on a freezing microtome in the transverse plane. A ser ...
File
... nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. In general, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems have opposite effects on each organ they influence. The two systems produce a level of fine control that coordinates organs throughout the body. For example, heart rate is increased by the ...
... nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. In general, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems have opposite effects on each organ they influence. The two systems produce a level of fine control that coordinates organs throughout the body. For example, heart rate is increased by the ...
Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase-like
... During metamorphosis the SOD antiserum transiently labeled many cells virtually in every part of the brain of M. sexta, including neurons in the optic lobes, antennal lobes, central brain, and subesophageal ganglion (Figs. 2– 4). During all phases of development, the antiserum labeled neurons and, r ...
... During metamorphosis the SOD antiserum transiently labeled many cells virtually in every part of the brain of M. sexta, including neurons in the optic lobes, antennal lobes, central brain, and subesophageal ganglion (Figs. 2– 4). During all phases of development, the antiserum labeled neurons and, r ...
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
Pattern Recognition by Labeled Graph Matching
... per node is made for the sake of simplification. It is easy to generalize to several active feature cells per point.) Neural dynamics is regulated such that cellular signals are temporally unstable. Excitatory connections between neighboring cells in L m induce correlations between signals of these ...
... per node is made for the sake of simplification. It is easy to generalize to several active feature cells per point.) Neural dynamics is regulated such that cellular signals are temporally unstable. Excitatory connections between neighboring cells in L m induce correlations between signals of these ...