A Self-Organizing Neural Network That Learns to
... across sequences of neurons along a motion trajectory. A movingvisual object activates neurons along a chain; each activated neuron transmits predictive lateral excitatory connections to other neurons farther along the chain. However, during occlusion events, some predictive lateral excitatory signa ...
... across sequences of neurons along a motion trajectory. A movingvisual object activates neurons along a chain; each activated neuron transmits predictive lateral excitatory connections to other neurons farther along the chain. However, during occlusion events, some predictive lateral excitatory signa ...
Nervous System
... output – either excites or inhibits __________ – stimulation of a neuron that increases responsiveness to further stimulation __________ – a neuron receives impulses from two or more neurons __________ – impulses leaving a neuron that pass to other output neurons ...
... output – either excites or inhibits __________ – stimulation of a neuron that increases responsiveness to further stimulation __________ – a neuron receives impulses from two or more neurons __________ – impulses leaving a neuron that pass to other output neurons ...
Chapter Two - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... seawater-like liquid fills the space between the body’s cells. Therefore, it makes sense that the fluid bathing the neural cells is rich in sodium ions. Many ions are able to move freely through the cell membrane of the neuron, but other ions cannot, including the sodium ions. For this reason, the m ...
... seawater-like liquid fills the space between the body’s cells. Therefore, it makes sense that the fluid bathing the neural cells is rich in sodium ions. Many ions are able to move freely through the cell membrane of the neuron, but other ions cannot, including the sodium ions. For this reason, the m ...
Neurons - LPS.org
... messages among millions of neurons—from your fingertips, your eyeballs, your ears, your nose, and your mouth to the proper area of the brain for processing. As a stereo uses metal wires, your body uses living wires known as nerves, constructed of individual neurons. Those that connect the sense orga ...
... messages among millions of neurons—from your fingertips, your eyeballs, your ears, your nose, and your mouth to the proper area of the brain for processing. As a stereo uses metal wires, your body uses living wires known as nerves, constructed of individual neurons. Those that connect the sense orga ...
Thalamus Notes
... position sense, and respond to either superficial mechanics stimulation of the skin, mechanical distortion of deep tissues, or joint rotation, but not to more than one of these. These informations are then integrated in the cortex into perceptions of form, size and texture. The cortical cytoarchitec ...
... position sense, and respond to either superficial mechanics stimulation of the skin, mechanical distortion of deep tissues, or joint rotation, but not to more than one of these. These informations are then integrated in the cortex into perceptions of form, size and texture. The cortical cytoarchitec ...
Functional Integration of Dopaminergic Neurons Directly Converted
... fibroblasts were cultured with Shh and FGF8 and the efficiency of iDA neuron generation was determined. Cultures treated with Shh and FGF8 generated about 5% Pitx3-eGFP+ cells, which is 2-fold more than in cultures treated with bFGF alone (Figure S1H). These data suggest that neurotrophic factors ar ...
... fibroblasts were cultured with Shh and FGF8 and the efficiency of iDA neuron generation was determined. Cultures treated with Shh and FGF8 generated about 5% Pitx3-eGFP+ cells, which is 2-fold more than in cultures treated with bFGF alone (Figure S1H). These data suggest that neurotrophic factors ar ...
CONTROL OF RESPIRATION
... effect of PO2, PCO2 , and H+ ion. • When CO2 increases, we get: CO2 + H2O H+ + HCO3• Increased H+ directly stimulates the central chemoreceptors. ...
... effect of PO2, PCO2 , and H+ ion. • When CO2 increases, we get: CO2 + H2O H+ + HCO3• Increased H+ directly stimulates the central chemoreceptors. ...
3 state neurons for contextual processing
... Since NMDA and AMPA pathways have distinct roles in respectively switching and firing our model neuron, we suggest the following conceptual model shown on Fig 3A. Without any input the neuron is at the rest or disabled state. Contextual input (via NMDA receptors) can bring the neuron into an enabled ...
... Since NMDA and AMPA pathways have distinct roles in respectively switching and firing our model neuron, we suggest the following conceptual model shown on Fig 3A. Without any input the neuron is at the rest or disabled state. Contextual input (via NMDA receptors) can bring the neuron into an enabled ...
Structure and Function of Neurons - Assets
... neuron. All neurons have a cell body known as the soma, which is the command center of the nerve and contains the nucleus of the cell. All neurons are also set up structurally to both send and receive information. Neurons send information via an axon, which forms presynaptic terminals as it passes b ...
... neuron. All neurons have a cell body known as the soma, which is the command center of the nerve and contains the nucleus of the cell. All neurons are also set up structurally to both send and receive information. Neurons send information via an axon, which forms presynaptic terminals as it passes b ...
Synaptic and peptidergic connectome of a neurosecretory
... apical neurosecretory nervous system (Figure 1A-D). Platynereis and other annelids have an anterior neurosecretory plexus containing the projections of peptidergic sensory-neurosecretory neurons (Tessmar-Raible et al. 2007; Aros et al. 1977). The neurosecretory plexus forms an anatomically and ultra ...
... apical neurosecretory nervous system (Figure 1A-D). Platynereis and other annelids have an anterior neurosecretory plexus containing the projections of peptidergic sensory-neurosecretory neurons (Tessmar-Raible et al. 2007; Aros et al. 1977). The neurosecretory plexus forms an anatomically and ultra ...
Axonogenesis in the Brain of Zebrafish Embryos
... to study the development of the amphibian brain. These investigators found that the early vertebrate brain is surprisingly simple, being composedof a relatively small number of axonal tracts found in a stereotyped pattern not unlike the simple, orthogonal pattern of tracts found in nematode larvae ( ...
... to study the development of the amphibian brain. These investigators found that the early vertebrate brain is surprisingly simple, being composedof a relatively small number of axonal tracts found in a stereotyped pattern not unlike the simple, orthogonal pattern of tracts found in nematode larvae ( ...
The Preoptic Nucleus in Fishes: A Comparative Discussion of
... gonadotropin as the particular pituitary factor involved in the afferent stimulus system. However, where and how gonadotropin acts is an open question. Of course stimuli other than those indicated above also impinge on this circuit, including such factors as the presence or absence of a mate and env ...
... gonadotropin as the particular pituitary factor involved in the afferent stimulus system. However, where and how gonadotropin acts is an open question. Of course stimuli other than those indicated above also impinge on this circuit, including such factors as the presence or absence of a mate and env ...
Nervous System Power Point
... sensations – relays impulses to the cerebral cortex from sense organs; (2) associates sensations with emotions; (3) plays a part in the arousal or alerting mechanism ...
... sensations – relays impulses to the cerebral cortex from sense organs; (2) associates sensations with emotions; (3) plays a part in the arousal or alerting mechanism ...
I. Neurons are the anatomical elements of neural systems
... paralysis leading to this eversion of the lower lids C. Levator is innervated by the oculomotor (III) nerve D. The superior and inferior tarsal muscles are made of smooth muscle and are innervated by the sympathetic system E. Ptosis may result from either oculomotor or sympathetic lesions a. Normall ...
... paralysis leading to this eversion of the lower lids C. Levator is innervated by the oculomotor (III) nerve D. The superior and inferior tarsal muscles are made of smooth muscle and are innervated by the sympathetic system E. Ptosis may result from either oculomotor or sympathetic lesions a. Normall ...
Nervous System Part 6
... digestion and elimination of feces and urine and with conserving body energy Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rates are at low normal levels; pupils are constricted; skin is warm; digestive tract is actively digesting ...
... digestion and elimination of feces and urine and with conserving body energy Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rates are at low normal levels; pupils are constricted; skin is warm; digestive tract is actively digesting ...
Document
... General Functions of the Nervous System A. Sensory receptors at the ends of peripheral nerves gather information and convert it into nerve impulses. B. Sensory impulses are integrated in the brain as perceptions C. Conscious or subconscious decisions follow, leading to motor functions via effectors ...
... General Functions of the Nervous System A. Sensory receptors at the ends of peripheral nerves gather information and convert it into nerve impulses. B. Sensory impulses are integrated in the brain as perceptions C. Conscious or subconscious decisions follow, leading to motor functions via effectors ...
Physiology of the mormyrid ELL - Journal of Experimental Biology
... electroreceptors terminate in the granule layer of the ELL medial zone (MZ in Fig. 1) and dorsolateral zone (DLZ in Fig. 1) respectively. Sensory signals transmitted to the granule cells are relayed to efferent projection neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including medium ganglion (MG) cells. Lar ...
... electroreceptors terminate in the granule layer of the ELL medial zone (MZ in Fig. 1) and dorsolateral zone (DLZ in Fig. 1) respectively. Sensory signals transmitted to the granule cells are relayed to efferent projection neurons and inhibitory interneurons, including medium ganglion (MG) cells. Lar ...
Electrophysiological Identification of Tonic and Phasic Neurons in
... 2007). Little concern is paid on the regulation of sensory information mediated by action potentials in soma itself. Results from spinal cord indicated that different neuronal firing patterns performed distinct nociceptive sensory processing with unknown mechanism (Ruscheweyh and Sandkuhler 2002, Pr ...
... 2007). Little concern is paid on the regulation of sensory information mediated by action potentials in soma itself. Results from spinal cord indicated that different neuronal firing patterns performed distinct nociceptive sensory processing with unknown mechanism (Ruscheweyh and Sandkuhler 2002, Pr ...
Skeletal System
... Ganglia are collections of neuron cell bodies associated with nerves in the PNS – Ganglia associated with afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons – Ganglia associated with efferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of autonomic neurons, as well as a variety of integrative neurons ...
... Ganglia are collections of neuron cell bodies associated with nerves in the PNS – Ganglia associated with afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons – Ganglia associated with efferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of autonomic neurons, as well as a variety of integrative neurons ...
Reflexes - Sinoe Medical Association
... Reflex- rapid (and unconscious) response to changes in the internal or external environment needed to maintain homeostasis Reflex arc - the neural pathway over which impulses travel during a reflex. The components of a reflex arc include: 1 - receptor - responds to the stimulus 2 - afferent pathway ...
... Reflex- rapid (and unconscious) response to changes in the internal or external environment needed to maintain homeostasis Reflex arc - the neural pathway over which impulses travel during a reflex. The components of a reflex arc include: 1 - receptor - responds to the stimulus 2 - afferent pathway ...
Mark Time Reflex
... It is an extension of the spinal cord upward into the cranial cavity because it contains motor and sensory nuclei that perform motor and sensory functions for the face and head regions in the same way the anterior and posterior gray horns of the spinal cord do (from the neck down). Brain stem provid ...
... It is an extension of the spinal cord upward into the cranial cavity because it contains motor and sensory nuclei that perform motor and sensory functions for the face and head regions in the same way the anterior and posterior gray horns of the spinal cord do (from the neck down). Brain stem provid ...
What Do Mirror Neurons Mean?
... evidence we have collected so far (which doesn't include emotions-related mirroring neural activity) seems to suggest that the mirror neuron system for actions is enough sophisticated to enable its exploitation for social purposes. Recent results by Csibra and Kalaska (2004)show that neurons in the ...
... evidence we have collected so far (which doesn't include emotions-related mirroring neural activity) seems to suggest that the mirror neuron system for actions is enough sophisticated to enable its exploitation for social purposes. Recent results by Csibra and Kalaska (2004)show that neurons in the ...
The cytoarchitectonic and neuronal structure of the red nucleus in
... perikarya measuring from 35 to 65 mm in the longest axis. The large stellate cells have 4 or 5 thick, rarely conical, dendritic trunks, which at the distance of 10–40 mm from the soma (even within one neuron) divide into secondary and subsequently up to quaternary dendrites. Dendritic branches are u ...
... perikarya measuring from 35 to 65 mm in the longest axis. The large stellate cells have 4 or 5 thick, rarely conical, dendritic trunks, which at the distance of 10–40 mm from the soma (even within one neuron) divide into secondary and subsequently up to quaternary dendrites. Dendritic branches are u ...